Contents. 3.6 Pigments Tobacco... 33

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1 Contents List of Changes for the 20th Edition, iii Important Notices.... xi Preface.... xiv About the Association.... xx Guide to Method Format.... xxiii Definition of Terms and Explanatory Notes... xxiv AOAC Official Methods SM Program xxxi Standard Method Performance Requirements Table of SMPRs Approved by AOAC Stakeholder Panels SMPRs and Corresponding AOAC First and Final Action Official Methods SM... 4 Stakeholder Panel on Marine and Freshwater Foods... 9 Stakeholder Panel on Agent Detection Assays Stakeholder Panel on Endocrine Disruptors Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals Stakeholder Panel on Strategic Food Analytical Methods Stakeholder Panel on Dietary Supplements Stakeholder Panel on Fresh Produce Agricultural Liming Materials 1.1 Liming Materials General Calcium Silicate Slags Gravimetric Elemental Analyses Chelometric Elemental Analyses Colorimetric Elemental Analyses Fertilizers 2.1 Fertilizers General Water Phosphorus Nitrogen Potassium Other Elements Peat Soils Plants 3.1 General Methods Metals Individual Metals Nonmetals Other Constituents Pigments Tobacco Animal Feed 4.1 Animal Feed General Protein Urea Nitrogen Fat Fiber Sugars Minerals Microscopy Additives Drugs in Feeds 5.1 Feeds General Methods Chemical Methods for Antibiotics Microbiological Methods for Antibiotics Common and Chemical Names of Drugs Disinfectants 6.1 Phenol Coefficient Methods Hard Surface Carrier Test Methods Other Tests Pesticide Formulations 7.1 General Methods Inorganic and Organometallic Pesticides and Adjuvants Fungicides Herbicides Pesticides Related to Natural Products and Their Synergists Organohalogen Pesticides Thiophosphorus and Other Organophosphorus Pesticides Miscellaneous Pesticides Common and Chemical Names of Pesticides Hazardous Substances Metals and Other Elements at Trace Levels in Foods 9.1 Multielement Methods Single Element Methods xv 2016 AOAC INTERNATIONAL

2 10. Pesticide and Industrial Chemical Residues 10.1 General Multiresidue Methods Organochlorine Residues Organophosphorus Residues Fumigant Residues Carbamate Residues Individual Residues Pesticides in Water Pesticides in Soil Common and Chemical Names of Pesticides Waters; and Salt 11.1 Water Salt Microchemical Methods Radioactivity Veterinary Analytical Toxicology Cosmetics 15.1 General Methods Deodorants and Antiperspirants Depilatories Face Powder Hair Preparations Suntan Preparations Extraneous Materials: Isolation 16.1 General Beverages and Beverage Materials Dairy Products Nuts and Nut Products Grains and Their Products Baked Goods Breakfast Cereals Eggs and Egg Products Poultry, Meat, and Fish and Other Marine Products Fruits and Fruit Products Snack Food Products Sugars and Sugar Products Vegetables and Vegetable Products Spices and Other Condiments Miscellaneous Animal Excretions Mold Fruits and Fruit Products Vegetables and Vegetable Products Microbiological Methods 17.1 Eggs and Egg Products Chilled, Frozen, Precooked, or Prepared Foods, and Nutmeats Coliforms Escherichia coli Staphylococcus Sterility (Commercial) of Foods (Canned, Low Acid) Clostridium Bacillus Salmonella Listeria Vibrio Viruses Somatic Cells Bacillus anthracis General Screening Methods Ricin Drugs: Part I 18.1 General Methods Solvents Halogenated Drugs Inorganic Drugs Antihistamines Alkanolamines Phenethylamines Aminobenzoates Synthetics Microchemical Tests Microscopy Miscellaneous Antifungal Antiparkinsonian Antihypertensive Common and Chemical Names of Drugs Drugs: Part II 19.1 Acids Phenolic Drugs Analgesics and Antipyretics Hypnotics and Sedatives Anticoagulants Sulfonamides Thiazides Other Sulfur-Containing Drugs Common and Chemical Names of Drugs Drugs: Part III 20.1 Opium Alkaloids AOAC INTERNATIONAL xvi

3 20.2 Tropane Alkaloids Xanthine Alkaloids Ipecac Alkaloids Ephedra Alkaloids Ergot Alkaloids Physostigmine Alkaloids Chinchona Alkaloids Rauwolfia Alkaloids Other Alkaloids Digitalis Other Natural Products Common and Chemical Names of Drugs Drugs: Part IV 21.1 Natural Estrogens Synthetic Estrogens Progestational Steroids Adrenocortico Steroids Thyroid Common and Chemical Names of Drugs Drugs: Part V... 1 Common and Chemical Names of Drugs Drugs and Feed Additives in Animal Tissues... 1 Common and Chemical Names of Drugs Forensic Sciences Baking Powders and Baking Chemicals Distilled Liquors 26.1 Spirits Cordials and Liqueurs Malt Beverages and Brewing Materials 27.1 Beer Barley Malt Cereal Adjuncts Hops Brewing Sugars and Syrups Wort Yeast Brewers Grains Wines 28.1 General Preservatives Flavors Nonalcoholic Beverages and Concentrates Coffee and Tea Cacao Bean and Its Products 31.1 General Shell Chocolate Liquor Fat Other Constituents Cereal Foods 32.1 Wheat Flour Wheat, Rye, Oats, Corn, Buckwheat, Rice, Barley, and Soybeans and Their Products Except Cereal Adjuncts Bread Baked Products Macaroni, Egg Noodles, and Similar Products Dairy Products 33.1 Sampling Milk Cream Evaporated and Condensed Milk Dried Milk, Nonfat Dry Milk, and Malted Milk Butter Cheese Ice Cream and Frozen Desserts Eggs and Egg Products Fish and Other Marine Products Flavors 36.1 General Methods Vanilla Extract and Its Substitutes Lemon, Orange, and Lime Extracts, Flavors, and Oils Almond Extract Cassia, Cinnamon, and Clove Extracts Flavor Extracts and Toilet Preparations Fruits and Fruit Products Gelatin, Dessert Preparations, and Mixes Meat and Meat Products Nuts and Nut Products Oils and Fats xvii 2016 AOAC INTERNATIONAL

4 42. Vegetable Products, Processed 42.1 Canned Vegetables Dried Vegetables Frozen Vegetables Spices and Other Condiments Sugars and Sugar Products 44.1 Sugars and Syrups Molasses and Molasses Products Confectionary Honey Maple, Sap, Maple Syrup, Maple Syrup Products Sugar Beets Corn Syrups and Other Starch-Derived Sweeteners Vitamins and Other Nutrients 45.1 Chemical Methods Microbiological Methods Bioassay Methods Nutritionally Related Components Color Additives 46.1 Separation and Identification of Color Additives in Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics Intermediates Subsidiary and Lower Sulfonated Dyes Metals and Other Elements Halogens Miscellaneous Food Additives: Direct 47.1 General Methods Antioxidants Chemical Preservatives Emulsifying Agents Enzymes Miscellaneous Food Additives: Indirect Natural Toxins 49.1 Mycotoxins Aflatoxins Aflatoxin M Deoxynivalenol Fumonisins Ochratoxins Patulin Sterigmatocystin Zearalenone Seafood Toxins Plant Toxins Infant Formulas, Baby Foods, and Enteral Products 50.1 General Vitamins Fatty Acids Folates Whey Protein Choline and Carnitine Inositol Iodine Sodium Monofluoroacetate Minerals and Trace Elements Chlorine/Chloride AOAC SPIFAN Final Action Official Methods SM with Joint Organizational Approvals Dietary Supplements 51.1 Ephedra Alkaloids Glucosamine β-carotene Ginkgo biloba Saw Palmetto Aristolochic Acid Goldenseal Enzymes/Coenzymes Lycopene Chondroitin Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors Appendix A Standard Solutions and Reference Materials Appendix B Laboratory Safety Appendix C Reference Tables... 1 Appendix D Guidelines for Collaborative Study Procedures to Validate Characteristics of a Method of Analysis Appendix E Laboratory Quality Assurance Appendix F Guidelines for Standard Method Performance Requirements AOAC INTERNATIONAL xviii

5 Appendix G Procedures and Guidelines for the Use of AOAC Voluntary Consensus Standards to Evaluate Characteristics of a Method of Analysis Appendix H Probability of Detection (POD) as a Statistical Model for the Validation of Qualitative Methods Appendix I AOAC INTERNATIONAL Methods Committee Guidelines for Validation of Biological Threat Agent Methods and/or Procedures Appendix J AOAC INTERNATIONAL Methods Committee Guidelines for Validation of Microbiological Methods for Food and Environmental Surfaces Appendix K Appendix L AOAC Recommended Guidelines for Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals (SPIFAN) Single-Laboratory Validation Appendix M Validation Procedures for Quantitative Food Allergen ELISA Methods: Community Guidance and Best Practices Appendix N ISPAM Guidelines for Validation of Qualitative Binary Chemistry Methods Subject Index... 1 SMPR Index... 1 Index of Method Numbers Guidelines for Dietary Supplements and Botanicals xix 2016 AOAC INTERNATIONAL