UTILIZATION OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS AMONG ELDERLY MALAYS : A COMMUNITY BASED STUDY

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1 UTILIZATION OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS AMONG ELDERLY MALAYS : A COMMUNITY BASED STUDY Basanta Kumar Mohanty 1, Osman Ali 2, Sandheep Sugathan 2, Chandrasekhar Giriyappanavar 1 1 Unit of Pharmacology 2 Unit of Public Health UNIVERSITY KUALA LUMPUR ROYAL COLLEGE OF MEDICINE PERAK, MALAYSIA 47 APACPH Conference, Bandung, Indonesia

2 World population lti is aging Introduction 60 yrs or over increased from 8 percent to 12 percent in 2013 and will increase to 21 percent in 2050 (United Nation). Elderly use higher number of prescription medications and dietary supplements compared to younger adults. 56% of middle age/older adults consume at least one supplement daily compared to 40%in general population (3 rd NH&NE survey) Dietary supplements may be vitamins, minerals, herbal products or products of animal origin Dietary products may have potential interactions with prescription medicines this may be an unnecessary expenditure.

3 Objective The present study was undertaken to determine the use of food supplements alone and/or along with prescription medications among elderly Malays aged 60 years and above in the community.

4 Material and Methods Population based cross sectional study conducted in selected urban areas in Ipoh and rural areas in Gopeng, Perak, Malaysia. Data collected by trained medical students from willing individuals Door to door survey 490 elderly Malays of either sex aged 60 years and above Interview conducted db by structured pre validated ld d questionnaires after getting their informed consent (English and Bahasa Melayu). Study population was divided into 3 groups 60 69yrs yrs, 70 79yrs 79 and 80 years and above. Sample size calculated assuming 50% of elderly Malays would be using dietary supplements with allowable error of 5% and non respondent rate of 25%.

5 Results Age Catergory Percentage Gender Distribution 8.98% 36.53% 54.49% 49% yrs yrs Female 68.37% Male 31.63% =/>80 yrs

6 : Results Education Percentage Prescribtion Medication % Food Supplement % Secondary 22.7 Tertiary 2 Primary 60.6 Uneducate d 14.7 Yes 77% No 23% Yes 37% No 63%

7 Results Source of information % Internet 1.4% Sales Agent (SA): 5.7% HP & SA: 0.2% Usage of Medication None 16% Food Supplement (FS) 7% Friends 36.4% Relatives 46.1% PM and FS 30% Prescribed Medication (PM) 47% Health Personnel (HP) : 10.2%

8 Results DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS USED BY THEELDERLY ELDERLY No Name of supplement Reasons for use Source of information 1 Vitamins & calcium Increased appetite/ Health benefit/ bone Health personnel pain 2 Pamoga Health benefit/ joint pain/muscle weaknes Friends & relatives/ sales agent 3 Sea cucumber Health benefits Friends & relatives/sales agent 4 Goat milk Health benefits/ diabetes Friends & relatives 5 Fish oil Health benefits/ Hypercholesterolemia Friends & relatives 6 Herbalife Nutrition/reduce cholesterol Friends & relatives/sales agents 7 Evening primrose oil Health benefits/energy Friends & relatives 8 Spirulina Health benefits Friends & relatives 9 Sea weeds Health benefits Friends & relatives 10 Ginseng extract Health benefits/energy Friends & relatives 11 Ginkgo biloba Health benefits/energy Friends & relatives

9 Results DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS (DS) USE BY THE ELDERLY (%) STUDY CRETERIA DS ALONE DS + PM NONE P VALUE GENDER Ml Male Female P>0.05 (NS) AGE GROUP YRS P < YRS (Significant) 80 YRS LEVEL OF EDUCATION No Education Primary Secondary Tertiary P> 0.05 (NS)

10 Discussion and Conclusion Use of dietary supplements is common among elderly Malays. Sources of information of supplements are friends and relatives and/or sales agents except for multivitamins. Health benefits of these commercially available preparations needs to be established. As elderly people do not disclose the consumption of these supplements to treating physicians, there may be potential drug interactionsofthese of these products withmodern medicine. Commercially available products like Pamoga may be adulterated and contaminated with other harmful chemicals. Products like Herbalife is expensive and cost benefit ratio needs to be established.

11 THANK YOU

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