Thickeners for Aircraft Anti-icing Fluids
|
|
|
- Rafe Chambers
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Thickeners for Aircraft Anti-icing Fluids Relationship to Performance Properties
2 AAF Requirements Provide a thick fluid film on stationary aircraft Absorb precipitation (snow, freezing rain) Prevent absorbed precipitation from re-freezing Absorb residual Type I (deicing) fluid Flow off the wings at takeoff Completely eliminate from the wing s leading edge Substantially complete elimination from trailing edge No re-freeze in aerodynamic quiet areas at altitude
3 Viscosity (Pa s) at -20 C ~1000x Viscosity Drop Viscosity Profiles of Type IV AAFs -20 C Shear Stress (Pa)
4 Picture of Conventional Thickening Thickening by entanglement of polymer strands
5 Conventional Thickening: Shear Stress Applied Polymer strands untangle and align with flow
6 - OOC Thickener Structure COO - - OOC - OOC - OOC COO - - OOC Typically long polymers having carboxylate salts ( ) salt on a string Some of the salts dissociate Resulting net negative charges on the polymer repel each other This repulsion uncoils the polymer The polymer thickens the mixture by entanglement of the polymer strands COO -
7 Effect of Salts COO - CH 3 COO - CH 3 COO - CH 3 COO - - OOC CH 3 COO - COO - - OOC - OOC - OOC - OOC COO - CH 3 COO - CH CH 3 COO - 3 COO -
8 Polymer Chain Geometry as a Function of Salt Content No Salt Low Salt High Salt Thickener wads up as salt increases
9 Polymer Chain Geometry as a Function of Water Content water = ion dissociation = chain unfolding More Water Less Water Least Water Thickener wads up as water decreases
10 1 st Performance Obstacle: Dilution & Salt Sensitivity Thickener efficiency is greatly affected by how much the polymer backbone is coiled up A tightly coiled polymer does not entangle well with other polymer molecules Salt content and water content can greatly affect the polymer coiling. X
11 Thickener Architecture Unbranched Comb type Branched or Network
12 Thickener Composition The polymer strands are made up of many monomer units. Monomers are like beads on a string Monomers can be: Water soluble or insoluble Ionic or non-ionic Stiff or flexible
13 Thickener Crosslinking Unbranched Comb type Branched or Network
14 Polymer Mixtures
15 Targets & Controls Performance Controls Polymer Architecture Branching Cross-linking Monomer makeup Water solubiltiy Stiffness Ionic/non-ionic Polymer Blends Performance Targets Shear-thinning viscosity Insensitivity to salts Insensitivity to dilution
16 2 nd Performance Obstacle: Shear Degradation Problem:Polymer strands may break with applied shear stress
17 Schematic of an Associative Thickener Water-soluble Polymer Backbone Water-soluble side chains Water-insoluble caps (hydrophobes)
18 Associative Thickener Network at Rest Hydrophobic Cluster
19 Associative Thickeners & Surfactants Non-ionic Surfactant: Water-insoluble head Water-soluble tail 3-D cluster of surfactant molecules = micelle Hydrophobic Cluster
20 Associative Thickeners & Surfactants Hydrophobic Cluster = Surfactant micelle with embedded polymer hydrophobes
21 Associative Thickener Shear Applied Hydrophobes separate and thickener molecules align with flow
22 Conventional vs. Associative Thickeners Conventional Higher m.w. Branched or cross-linked Thicken by polymer chain entanglement Lose viscosity by untangling chains Associative Lower m.w. Comb-type Thicken by association of hydrophobe clusters + some entanglement Lose viscosity by pulling hydrophobes out of clusters (micelles)
23 Conventional vs. Associative Thickeners Conventional PROS Simpler formulation Lower aquatic toxicity CONS More degradation by mechanical shear More dryout residue Associative PROS Less degradation by mechanical shear Less dryout residue CONS More complex formulation Higher aquatic tox
24 End of Thickener Presentation Questions?
APPLIED CHEMISTRY SURFACE TENSION, SURFACTANTS TYPES OF SURFACTANTS & THEIR USES IN TEXTILE PROCESSING
APPLIED CHEMISTRY SURFACE TENSION, SURFACTANTS TYPES OF SURFACTANTS & THEIR USES IN TEXTILE PROCESSING Lecture No. 13 & 14 2 Surface Tension This property of liquids arises from the intermolecular forces
Organic Molecules: Proteins
Organic Molecules: Proteins Proteins Most structurally & functionally diverse group Function: involved in almost everything enzymes (pepsin, DNA polymerase) structure (keratin, collagen) carriers & transport
SAM Teachers Guide Lipids and Carbohydrates
SAM Teachers Guide Lipids and Carbohydrates Overview Students will explore the structure and function of two of the four major macromolecules, lipids and carbohydrates. They will look specifically at the
Paper No. 01. Paper Title: Food Chemistry. Module-16: Protein Structure & Denaturation
Paper No. 01 Paper Title: Food Chemistry Module-16: Protein Structure & Denaturation The order of amino acids in a protein molecule is genetically determined. This primary sequence of amino acids must
Proteins. Amino acids, structure and function. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012 Robert J. Lefkowitz Brian K. Kobilka
Proteins Amino acids, structure and function The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012 Robert J. Lefkowitz Brian K. Kobilka O O HO N N HN OH Ser65-Tyr66-Gly67 The Nobel prize in chemistry 2008 Osamu Shimomura,
The Star of The Show (Ch. 3)
The Star of The Show (Ch. 3) Why study Carbon? All of life is built on carbon Cells ~72% 2 O ~25% carbon compounds carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids ~3% salts Na, Cl, K Chemistry of Life Organic
OCR (A) Biology A-level
OCR (A) Biology A-level Topic 2.2: Biological molecules Notes Water Water is a very important molecule which is a major component of cells, for instance: Water is a polar molecule due to uneven distribution
and hydrophilic and how they relate to solubility.
o o o and hydrophilic and how they relate to solubility. o o o o o o o o Page 1: Introduction Page 2: 1. Hydrocarbons are referred to as organic molecules with a "backbone." Take a snapshot of the hydrocarbon
What are the molecules of life?
Molecules of Life What are the molecules of life? Organic Compounds Complex Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Organic Compounds Carbon- hydrogen based molecules From Structure to Function Ø Carbon
Introduction of emulsions Effect of polysaccharides on emulsion stability Use of polysaccharides as emulsifier. Polysaccharides in Food Emulsions
1 Introduction of emulsions Effect of polysaccharides on emulsion stability Use of polysaccharides as emulsifier 2 Basic concepts of emulsions Interfacial tension (): the force that operates on an interface
Quiz 8 Introduction to Polymers (Chemistry)
051117 Quiz 8 Introduction to Polymers (Chemistry) (Figures from Heimenz Colloid Sci.) 1) Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules (molecules having one end hydrophobic and the other hydrophilic) and are
2.1.1 Biological Molecules
2.1.1 Biological Molecules Relevant Past Paper Questions Paper Question Specification point(s) tested 2013 January 4 parts c and d p r 2013 January 6 except part c j k m n o 2012 June 1 part ci d e f g
Biological Molecules
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3 Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon bonded to other molecules. Carbon can form up to 4 covalent bonds. Carbon may
Calderglen High School CfE Higher Chemistry. Nature s Chemistry. Soaps, Detergents and Emulsions
Calderglen High School CfE Higher Chemistry Nature s Chemistry Soaps, Detergents and Emulsions Page 1 of 12 No. Learning Outcome Understanding? 1 Soaps are produced by the alkaline hydrolysis of the ester
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life. Chapter 3
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3 Biological Molecules Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon bonded to other molecules. Carbon can form up to 4 covalent
Honors Biology Chapter 3: Macromolecules PPT Notes
Honors Biology Chapter 3: Macromolecules PPT Notes 3.1 I can explain why carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large, diverse molecules. Diverse molecules found in cells are composed of carbon
H 2 O. Liquid, solid, and vapor coexist in the same environment
Water H 2 O Liquid, solid, and vapor coexist in the same environment WATER MOLECULES FORM HYDROGEN BONDS Water is a fundamental requirement for life, so it is important to understand the structural and
Biology 12. Biochemistry. Water - a polar molecule Water (H 2 O) is held together by covalent bonds.
Biology 12 Biochemistry Water - a polar molecule Water (H 2 O) is held together by covalent bonds. Electrons in these bonds spend more time circulating around the larger Oxygen atom than the smaller Hydrogen
Chapter 2 pt 2. Atoms, Molecules, and Life. Gregory Ahearn. John Crocker. Including the lecture Materials of
Chapter 2 pt 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Life Including the lecture Materials of Gregory Ahearn University of North Florida with amendments and additions by John Crocker Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc..
ACUSOL DETERGENT POLYMERS
ACUSOL DETERGENT POLYMERS ACUSOL 82 Rheology Modifier and Stabilizer ACUSOL 82 is a Hydrophobically modified Alkali Soluble acrylic polymer Emulsion (HASE) with unusually high aqueous thickening and stabilising
Effect of Surfactants and Adjuvants on Postemergence Herbicide Efficacy
Effect of Surfactants and Adjuvants on Postemergence Herbicide Efficacy Dr. William B. McCloskey Cooperative Extension Weed Specialist Department of Plant Sciences University of Arizona Herbicide Uptake
Biological Molecules B Lipids, Proteins and Enzymes. Triglycerides. Glycerol
Glycerol www.biologymicro.wordpress.com Biological Molecules B Lipids, Proteins and Enzymes Lipids - Lipids are fats/oils and are present in all cells- they have different properties for different functions
Biological Molecules
Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3 Biological Molecules Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon bonded to other molecules. Carbon can form up to 4 covalent
Life s molecular diversity is based on the. properties of carbon. Chain Ring Branching chain
Carbon Compounds Life s molecular diversity is based on the properties of carbon Chain Ring Branching chain The Chemistry of Carbon : carbon based Carbon can make 4 covalent bonds The foundation of organic
Proteins and their structure
Proteins and their structure Proteins are the most abundant biological macromolecules, occurring in all cells and all parts of cells. Proteins also occur in great variety; thousands of different kinds,
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 3.1 I can explain why carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large, diverse molecules. Diverse molecules found in cells are composed of carbon bonded to other elements
A. Lipids: Water-Insoluble Molecules
Biological Substances found in Living Tissues Lecture Series 3 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function A. Lipids: Water-Insoluble Lipids can form large biological molecules, but these aggregations
Carbohydrates. Mark Scheme. Save My Exams! The Home of Revision. Exam Board 3.1 Biological Molecules Carbohydrates. Page 1.
Carbohydrates Mark Scheme Level Subject Exam Board Module Topic Booklet A Level Biology AQA 3.1 Biological Molecules 3.1. Carbohydrates Mark Scheme Time Allowed: 59 minutes Score: /4 Percentage: /100 Grade
6/15/2015. Biological Molecules. Outline. Organic Compounds. Organic Compounds - definition Functional Groups Biological Molecules. What is organic?
Biological Molecules Biology 105 Lecture 3 Reading: Chapter 2 (pages 29 39) Outline Organic Compounds - definition Functional Groups Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Amino Acids and Proteins Nucleotides
St Andrew s and St Bride s High Higher Chemistry and Emulsions. fats and oils by sodium or potassium hydroxide by boiling under reflux conditions:
Making Soaps Soaps are formed by the alkaline hydrolysis (breaking up) of fats and oils by sodium or potassium hydroxide by boiling under reflux conditions: Reflux Apparatus Page 1 of 13 Glycerol is produced
Biological Molecules Ch 2: Chemistry Comes to Life
Outline Biological Molecules Ch 2: Chemistry Comes to Life Biol 105 Lecture 3 Reading Chapter 2 (pages 31 39) Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Amino acids and Proteins Nucleotides and Nucleic
Let s Make Silly Putty Student Handout
Name: Date: Class: Let s Make Silly Putty Student Handout Introduction: Polymers are encountered in everyday life and are used for many purposes. Polymers are chains made up of monomer subunits. The structure
Biology. Chapter 3. Molecules of Life. Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr
Biology Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr Chapter 3 Molecules of Life 2015 3.1 What Are the Molecules of Life? The molecules of life contain a high proportion of carbon atoms: Complex carbohydrates
Course Content
Biology Induction Course Content AS Biology A-Level Biology AS Practical Work Career options Degree options Research Based IS Task Due date: 1 st lesson back after the summer holidays 1. Compare and contrast
BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES. Although many inorganic compounds are essential to life, the vast majority of substances in living things are organic compounds.
BIOLOGY 12 BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES NAME: Although many inorganic compounds are essential to life, the vast majority of substances in living things are organic compounds. ORGANIC MOLECULES: Organic molecules
Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function
Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Reading Assignments Read Chapter 4 (Protein structure & Function) Biological Substances found in Living Tissues The big four in terms of macromolecules
2.2 Properties of Water
2.2 Properties of Water I. Water s unique properties allow life to exist on Earth. A. Life depends on hydrogen bonds in water. B. Water is a polar molecule. 1. Polar molecules have slightly charged regions
Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function
Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Reading Assignments Read Chapter 4 (Protein structure & Function) Biological Substances found in Living Tissues The big four in terms of macromolecules
From Atoms to Cells: Fundamental Building Blocks. Models of atoms. A chemical connection
From Atoms to Cells: A chemical connection Fundamental Building Blocks Matter - all materials that occupy space & have mass Matter is composed of atoms Atom simplest form of matter not divisible into simpler
Acid/Base chemistry. NESA Biochemistry Fall 2001 Review problems for the first exam. Complete the following sentences
1 NESA Biochemistry Fall 2001 eview problems for the first exam Acid/Base chemistry 1. 2 3 is a weak acid. 2. The anion of a weak acid is a weak base 3. p is the measure of a solutions acidity. 4. 3 and
Organic molecules are molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen.
Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry Introduction Organic molecules are molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen. All living things contain these organic molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
Surfactants. The Basic Theory. Surfactants (or surface active agents ): are organic compounds with at least one lyophilic. Paints and Adhesives
Surfactants Surfactants (or surface active agents ): are organic compounds with at least one lyophilic ( solvent-loving ) group and one lyophobic ( solvent-fearing ) group in the molecule. In the simplest
Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function
Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Reading Assignments Read Chapter 4 (Protein structure & Function) Biological Substances found in Living Tissues The big four in terms of macromolecules
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules Macromolecules are polymers Polymer long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks. Monomer the small building block molecules. Carbohydrates, proteins
Proteins. Student Activity Guide
Student Activity Guide Proteins Body builders and football players eat a lot of protein (eggs, cheese, and meat) to build muscle mass. You have probably seen protein-enriched drinks and protein-enriched
Composed of long chains of smaller molecules Macromolecules are formed through the process of polymerization
Chapter 5, Campbell Composed of long chains of smaller molecules Macromolecules are formed through the process of polymerization. Polymerization = large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together
Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Concept 5.4: Proteins have many structures, resulting in a wide range of functions Proteins account for more than 50% of the dry mass of most cells Protein functions include structural support, storage,
Carbon. Carbon. Carbon Skeleton 8/25/2016. The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Carbon Life as we know it is carbon-based. Biological molecules are built on a carbon skeleton. Small atom with a valence of 4. Carbon Can form up to 4 covalent bonds.
Chapter Three (Biochemistry)
Chapter Three (Biochemistry) 1 SECTION ONE: CARBON COMPOUNDS CARBON BONDING All compounds can be classified in two broad categories: organic compounds and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are made
Review Session 1. Control Systems and Homeostasis. Figure 1.8 A simple control system. Biol 219 Review Sessiono 1 Fall 2016
Control Systems and Homeostasis Review Session 1 Regulated variables are kept within normal range by control mechanisms Keeps near set point, or optimum value Control systems local and reflex Input signal
Rheology of Wormlike Micelles
Rheology of Wormlike Micelles (ITP Complex Fluids Program 3/27/2) T1 Rheology of Wormlike Micelles Grégoire Porte Denis Roux Jean-François Berret* Sandra Lerouge Jean-Paul Decruppe Peter Lindner Laurence
Chemistry 20 Chapter 14 Proteins
Chapter 14 Proteins Proteins: all proteins in humans are polymers made up from 20 different amino acids. Proteins provide structure in membranes, build cartilage, muscles, hair, nails, and connective tissue
CALCIUM CASEINATE. What Is Casein?
CALCIUM CASEINATE A high quality milk protein that is Calcium Rich, manufactured from fresh pasteurized skimmed milk through precipitation of casein followed by neutralization and natural drying, which
3150:112 SAMPLE TEST 2. Print out a copy Answer the questions on your own. Check the answers at GOBC Ans.pdf. Good Luck!
SAMPLE TEST 2 3150:112 Print out a copy Answer the questions on your own. Check the answers at GOBC Ans.pdf. Good Luck! QUESTIONS 1-3 REFER TO TE FOLLOWING: A. C 2 O O B. C 2 O O O C 2 O C. O C 2 O 1.
Ionization of amino acids
Amino Acids 20 common amino acids there are others found naturally but much less frequently Common structure for amino acid COOH, -NH 2, H and R functional groups all attached to the a carbon Ionization
Amino Acids and Proteins Hamad Ali Yaseen, PhD MLS Department, FAHS, HSC, KU Biochemistry 210 Chapter 22
Amino Acids and Proteins Hamad Ali Yaseen, PhD MLS Department, FAHS, HSC, KU Hamad.ali@hsc.edu.kw Biochemistry 210 Chapter 22 Importance of Proteins Main catalysts in biochemistry: enzymes (involved in
Chapter 1-2 Review Assignment
Class: Date: Chapter 1-2 Review Assignment Multiple Choice dentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Corn seedlings A student wanted to design an investigation to see
5.2. Mitosis and Cytokinesis. Chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis. Connecting
5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis KEY CONCEPT Cells divide during mitosis and cytokinesis. MAIN IDEAS Chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis. Mitosis and cytokinesis produce two genetically identical daughter
BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL ORGANISATION
BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL ORGANISATION (Specification points are highlighted in blue) 1. Chemical elements are joined together to form biological compounds (a) the key elements present as inorganic ions
I. Polymers & Macromolecules Figure 1: Polymers. Polymer: Macromolecule: Figure 2: Polymerization via Dehydration Synthesis
I. Polymers & Macromolecules Figure 1: Polymers Polymer: Macromolecule: Figure 2: Polymerization via Dehydration Synthesis 1 Dehydration Synthesis: Figure 3: Depolymerization via Hydrolysis Hydrolysis:
CHAPTER 6 FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES
68 CHAPTER 6 FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES 6.1 INTRODUCTION Functional properties can be defined as the overall physicochemical properties of proteins in food systems during processing,
Proteins. Proteins. Proteins. Proteins. Effect of different R groups: Nonpolar amino acids. Amino acids H C OH H R. Multipurpose molecules.
Multipurpose molecules 2008-2009 Most structurally & functionally diverse group Function: involved in almost everything enzymes (pepsin, DNA polymerase) structure (keratin, collagen) carriers & transport
CH. 5 Macromolecules. Building Blocks of Life
CH. 5 Macromolecules Building Blocks of Life 2007-2008 Macromolecules Smaller organic molecules join together to form larger molecules macromolecules 4 major classes of macromolecules: carbohydrates lipids
5.2. Mitosis and Cytokinesis. Chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis.
5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis VOCABULARY chromosome histone chromatin chromatid centromere prophase metaphase anaphase telophase Biochemistry As you will learn in the chapter From DNA to Proteins, a nucleotide
Emulsions. Purpose of emulsions and of emulsification:
Pharmacist Ghada Hamid Emulsions Emulsion is a dispersion in which the dispersed phase is composed of small globules of a liquid distributed throughout a vehicle in which it is immiscible. The dispersed
Macromolecules. You are what you eat! Chapter 5. AP Biology
Macromolecules You are what you eat! Chapter 5 AP Biology Organic Compounds Contain bonds between CARBON glycosidic bond AP Biology Carbohydrates Structure / monomer u monosaccharide Function u energy
Macromolecules. Macromolecules. Polymers. How to build a polymer 9/11/2015. Building Blocks of Life
Macromolecules Macromolecules Building Blocks of Life Smaller organic molecules join together to form larger molecules macromolecules 4 major classes of macromolecules: carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic
1. Describe the difference between covalent and ionic bonds. What are the electrons doing?
Exam 1 Review Bio 212: 1. Describe the difference between covalent and ionic bonds. What are the electrons doing? 2. Label each picture either a Carbohydrate, Protein, Nucleic Acid, or Fats(Lipid). a.
Ideas for investigations: 1. Prepare slime and investigate its properties. Equipment and consumables. Making the slime
Introduction : Polymers are long molecules made up of many repeated subunits joined end-to-end. Their name comes from Greek: poly (many) and mer (parts). Polymers are found throughout nature: examples
SPECIFICATION CONTINUED Glucose has two isomers, α-glucose and β-glucose, with structures:
alevelbiology.co.uk SPECIFICATION Monosaccharides are the monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made. Glucose, galactose and fructose are common monosaccharides. A condensation reaction between
Ch5: Macromolecules. Proteins
Ch5: Macromolecules Proteins Essential Knowledge 4.A.1 The subcomponents of biological molecules and their sequence determine the properties of that molecule A. Structure and function of polymers are derived
The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Part 4: Proteins Chapter 5
Key Concepts: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Part 4: Proteins Chapter 5 Proteins include a diversity of structures, resulting in a wide range of functions Proteins Enzymatic s
130327SCH4U_biochem April 09, 2013
Option B: B1.1 ENERGY Human Biochemistry If more energy is taken in from food than is used up, weight gain will follow. Similarly if more energy is used than we supply our body with, weight loss will occur.
AP Bio. Protiens Chapter 5 1
Concept.4: Proteins have many structures, resulting in a wide range of functions Proteins account for more than 0% of the dry mass of most cells Protein functions include structural support, storage, transport,
Carbon. Isomers. The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Carbon Chapter 3 Framework of biological molecules consists primarily of carbon bonded to Carbon O, N, S, P or H Can form up to 4 covalent bonds Hydrocarbons molecule
A BEGINNER S GUIDE TO BIOCHEMISTRY
A BEGINNER S GUIDE TO BIOCHEMISTRY Life is basically a chemical process Organic substances: contain carbon atoms bonded to other carbon atom 4 classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids Chemical
Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Macromolecules Title: Sep 3 4:37 PM (1 of 65) macromolecules = smaller organic molecules that are joined together to make larger molecules four major classes: proteins
Self-Assembly. Lecture 3 Lecture 3 Surfactants Self-Assembly
Self-Assembly Lecture 3 Lecture 3 Surfactants Self-Assembly Anionic surfactants unsaturated omega-3 3 fatty acids rd carbon from the metyl end has double bond saturated Non-ionic surfactants Cationic surfactants
2. Which of the following is NOT true about carbohydrates
Chemistry 11 Fall 2011 Examination #5 For the first portion of this exam, select the best answer choice for the questions below and mark the answers on your scantron. Then answer the free response questions
Chapter 2: Biochemistry
Chapter 2: Biochemistry Biochemistry Biochemistry is the study of chemical makeup and reactions of living matter All chemicals in the body are either organic & inorganic Organic compounds contain carbon
In any solution, a scientist can talk about the concentration of the atoms that are dissolved in the solvent.
Acids and Bases Acids and Bases In any solution, a scientist can talk about the concentration of the atoms that are dissolved in the solvent. i.e. Salt water is an example of Na + and Cl - in a solution
BCH302 [Practical] 1
![BCH302 [Practical] 1](/thumbs/78/76808179.jpg "BCH302 [Practical] 1")
BCH302 [Practical] 1 Amino acids play a central role: i. As building blocks of proteins. ii. As intermediates in metabolism, converted to specialized products. There are 20 natural amino acids that are
CS612 - Algorithms in Bioinformatics
Spring 2016 Protein Structure February 7, 2016 Introduction to Protein Structure A protein is a linear chain of organic molecular building blocks called amino acids. Introduction to Protein Structure Amine
The source of protein structures is the Protein Data Bank. The unit of classification of structure in SCOP is the protein domain.
UNIT 14 PROTEINS DEFINITION A large molecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids in a specific order; the order is determined by the base sequence of nucleotides in the gene that codes for the
Proteins. (b) Protein Structure and Conformational Change
Proteins (b) Protein Structure and Conformational Change Protein Structure and Conformational Change Proteins contain the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2) Some may also
Physical Pharmacy. Interfacial phenomena. Khalid T Maaroof MSc. Pharmaceutical sciences School of pharmacy Pharmaceutics department
Physical Pharmacy Interfacial phenomena Khalid T Maaroof MSc. Pharmaceutical sciences School of pharmacy Pharmaceutics department 1 Introduction The boundary between two phases is generally described as
0.5 nm nm acyl tail region (hydrophobic) 1.5 nm. Hydrophobic repulsion organizes amphiphilic molecules: These scales are 5 10xk B T:
Lecture 31: Biomembranes: The hydrophobic energy scale and membrane behavior 31.1 Reading for Lectures 30-32: PKT Chapter 11 (skip Ch. 10) Upshot of last lecture: Generic membrane lipid: Can be cylindrical
New generation of phosphate-esters for MWF: balancing performance, labeling and economics.
New generation of phosphate-esters for MWF: balancing performance, labeling and economics. Claude-Emmanuel Hédoire 1), 1) Solvay Novecare, Aubervilliers, France 1 Introduction Phosphate-esters are well
ACUSOL 820 Rheology Modifier/Stabilizer
Technical Data Sheet Description Applications is a Hydrophobically modified Alkali Soluble acrylic polymer Emulsion (HASE) with unusually high aqueous thickening and stabilising efficiency. When neutralized
Biochemistry Macromolecules and Enzymes. Unit 02
Biochemistry Macromolecules and Enzymes Unit 02 Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. What is Carbon? Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent bonds
Photoinitiators for Water Based UV Curing. Sink or Swim? W. A. Green. Ex Great Lakes Fine Chemicals.
Photoinitiators for Water Based UV Curing. Sink or Swim? W. A. Green. Ex Great Lakes Fine Chemicals. ag@arthurgreen.cc Why water based UV? Two main parameters that provide advantage: Very low viscosity
Extracting DNA from cheek cells: a classroom experiment for Year 7 upwards
Extracting DNA from cheek cells: a classroom experiment for Year 7 upwards Dr Kathryn Scott Research Administrator, Zitzmann Group, Department of Biochemistry Lecturer in Biochemistry, Christ Church Extracting
2. Block Copolymers. 2.1 Micelle and gel formation in amphiphilic block copolymers. 2.2 Phase behavior in the bulk. 2.3 Structures in thin films
2. Block Copolymers 2.1 Micelle and gel formation in amphiphilic block copolymers 2.2 Phase behavior in the bulk 2.3 Structures in thin films I.W. Hamley, Block Copolymers in Solution. Wiley 2005. 1 Block
Proteins. AP Biology. Proteins. Proteins. Proteins. Effect of different R groups: Nonpolar amino acids. Amino acids H C OH H R. Structure.
2008-2009 Most structurally & functionally diverse group : involved in almost everything (pepsin, DNA polymerase) (keratin, collagen) (hemoglobin, aquaporin) (insulin & other hormones) (antibodies) (actin
2.1. thebiotutor. Unit F212: Molecules, Biodiversity, Food and Health. 1.1 Biological molecules. Answers
thebiotutor Unit F212: Molecules, Biodiversity, Food and Health 1.1 Biological molecules Answers 1 1. δ + H hydrogen bond δ + H O δ - O δ - H H δ + δ+ 1 hydrogen bond represented as, horizontal / vertical,
Haworth structure for fructose
BIOMOLECULES carbohydrates may be defined as optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or the compounds which produce such units on hydrolysis. Some of the carbohydrates, which are sweet in taste,
The Structure and Func.on of Macromolecules Proteins GRU1L6
The Structure and Func.on of Macromolecules Proteins GRU1L6 Proteins Proteins Most structurally & functionally diverse group Function: involved in almost everything enzymes (pepsin, DNA polymerase) structure
Surfactant. An Introduction to Water Tension and Alveoli Structure and the necessity for Septal Cell Surfactant. By Noel Ways
Surfactant An Introduction to Water Tension and Alveoli Structure and the necessity for Septal Cell Surfactant By Noel Ways Gas exchange occurs over the moist surface of the alveoli, but water (H 2 O)
Liquid-Liquid Extraction Prof. Mukesh Doble Department Of Biotechnology Indian Institute Of Technology, Madras. Lecture - 19
Liquid-Liquid Extraction Prof. Mukesh Doble Department Of Biotechnology Indian Institute Of Technology, Madras Lecture - 19 Liquid-Liquid Extraction Let us continue with the Liquid- Liquid Extraction.
Sheet #5 Dr. Mamoun Ahram 8/7/2014
P a g e 1 Protein Structure Quick revision - Levels of protein structure: primary, secondary, tertiary & quaternary. - Primary structure is the sequence of amino acids residues. It determines the other