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1 Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A AAP. See American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Acyclovir dosing in infants, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) COFN of, Amphotericin B deoxycholate dosing in infants, Amphotericin B lipid complex dosing in infants, Ampicillin dosing in infants, Anidulafungin dosing in infants, Antibiotic(s) in bacterial meningitis in infants management, 37 broad-spectrum in premature infants, 108 for CA, dosing of. See Antibiotic dosing novel for staphylococcal infections in infants, 126 risks associated with, 196 Antibiotic dosing in infants, ampicillin, clindamycin, introduction, meropenem, 171 metronidazole, 172 piperacillin/tazobactam, Antibiotic stewardship, AAP COFN on, CDC on, Antifungal dosing in infants, echinocandins, introduction, polenes, triazoles, 182 Antimicrobial agents. See Antibiotic(s) Clin Perinatol 42 (2015) perinatology.theclinics.com /15/$ see front matter ª 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
2 208 Antistaphylococcal penicillin in infants, 124 Antiviral dosing in infants, acyclovir, ganciclovir, introduction, valacyclovir, valganciclovir, Astrovirus NEC due to, 141 B Bacteremia UTIs in infants and, 21 Bacteria NEC due to, atypical bacteria, 138 gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, Bacterial meningitis described, 30 in infants, causes of, 31 clinical presentation of, 33 in developed countries, in developing countries, 31 diagnosis of, ancillary tests in, 35 CSF parameter interpretation in, 35 lumbar puncture in, epidemiology of, introduction, 30 long-term outcomes of, 38 pathogenesis of, prevention of, risk factors for, 33 treatment of, Birth weight candidiasis related to, 107 Bloodstream infections (BSIs), 1 16 causative agents, 6 8 Candida spp., 8 CoNS, 6 7 Enterococcus spp., 7 gram-negative organisms, 7 S. aureus, 7 control and prevention of, 10 definitions of, 2 described, 1
3 209 epidemiology of, 2 incidence of, 2 introduction, 1 resistance to, 8 10 risk factors for, 3 6 central lines, 3 5 medications, 5 NICU environment, 5 6 BPD. See Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) Brain disease CA and, 159 Broad-spectrum antibiotics candidiasis related to, 108 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) CA and, 160 BSIs. See Bloodstream infections (BSIs) C CA. See Chorioamnionitis (CA) Candida spp. BSIs due to, 8 NEC due to, 141 Candidiasis in premature infants, background of, diagnosis of, microbiology of, 109 pathogenesis of, 106 risk factors for, broad-spectrum antibiotics, 108 central venous catheters, 108 NICU environment, prematurity and birth weight, 107 treatment of, Candiduria treatment of, 22 Caspofungin dosing in infants, CDC. See Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in antibiotic stewardship, Central line(s) BSIs related to, 3 5 Central line associated blood stream infections (CLABSIs), 3 5 epidemiology of, 2 incidence of, 2 Central nervous system (CNS) bacterial meningitis of in infants, 33
4 210 Central venous catheters candidiasis related to, 108 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters interpretation of in bacterial meningitis in infants diagnosis, 35 Children drugs in mechanisms for study of, 168 Chorioamnionitis (CA), defined, management of, in neonates, outcomes of, BPD, 160 brain disease, 159 lung disease, 159 neonatal sepsis, 158 preterm birth, 158 respiratory distress syndrome, pathophysiology of, CLABSIs. See Central line associated blood stream infections (CLABSIs) Clindamycin dosing in infants, for staphylococcal infections in infants, 125 Clostridia spp. NEC due to, CMV. See Cytomegalovirus (CMV) CNS. See Central nervous system (CNS) Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) BSIs related to, 6 7 clinical manifestations of, 123 diagnosis of, 123 epidemiology of, COFN. See Committee on the Fetus and Newborn (COFN) Committee on the Fetus and Newborn (COFN) of AAP, CoNS. See Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) Coronavirus NEC due to, 140 Cronobacter sakazakii NEC due to, CSF. See Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) NEC due to, perinatal, clinical correlation, diagnostics in, discussion, introduction, prevalence/incidence of, prevention/treatment of
5 211 infant interventions for, maternal interventions for, vaccines for maternal research related to, D Drug(s) BSIs due to, 5 in children mechanisms for study of, 168 E Early onset sepsis (EOS) described, Echinocandins dosing in infants, Empirical therapy for staphylococcal infections in infants, 126 Enterococcus spp. BSIs related to, 7 Enterocolitis necrotizing. See Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) Enteroviruses NEC due to, EOS. See Early onset sepsis (EOS) Escherichia coli NEC due to, 138 UTIs in infants due to, 18 F Fluconazole dosing in infants, Fungus(i) NEC due to, 141 G Ganciclovir dosing in infants, GBS. See Group B streptococcus (GBS) Gram-negative organisms BSIs related to, 7 Group B streptococcus (GBS) vaccine in bacterial meningitis in infants prevention, H Hepatitis B, clinical correlation, 93 described, 92
6 212 Hepatitis (continued ) diagnosis and treatment of, discussion, epidemiology of, 93 transmission/pathogenesis of, C, Herpes simplex virus (HSV) described, 48 Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection maternal clinical features of, terminology related to, 49 mother-to-child transmission of prevention of, risk factors for, neonatal, clinical features of, described, 48 epidemiology of, introduction, treatment of, HIV NEC due to, 141 HIV infection perinatal, described, 88 diagnosis and treatment of, discussion, epidemiology of, transmission/pathogenesis of, 89 HSV. See Herpes simplex virus (HSV) I Infant(s) antibiotic dosing in, See also Antibiotic dosing, in infants antifungal dosing in, See also Antifungal dosing, in infants antiviral dosing in, See also Antiviral dosing, in infants bacterial meningitis in, See also Bacterial meningitis, in infants premature candidiasis in, See also Candidiasis, in premature infants staphylococcal infections in, See also Staphylococcal infections, in infants uncircumcized UTIs in, 19 UTIs in, See also Urinary tract infections (UTIs), in infants Infection(s). See also specific types bloodstream, 1 16 staphylococcal in infants, TORCH,
7 213 K Klebsiella spp. NEC due to, 138 L Linezolid for staphylococcal infections in infants, Liposomal amphotericin dosing in infants, Lumbar puncture in bacterial meningitis in infants diagnosis, Lung disease CA and, 159 M Medication(s). See Drug(s) Meningitis bacterial in infants, See also Bacterial meningitis neonatal prevention of, UTIs in infants and, 21 Meropenem dosing in infants, 171 Methicillin resistance in staphylococcal infections in infants, Metronidazole dosing in infants, 172 Micafungin dosing in infants, N NEC. See Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) infectious causes of, See also specific causes, e.g., Bacteria bacteria, fungi, 141 introduction, viruses, Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) BSIs due to, 5 6 candidiasis in, Neonatal sepsis CA and, 158 Neonate(s) CA in, See also Chorioamnionitis (CA) HSV infection in, See also Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, neonatal
8 214 NICU. See Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) Norovirus NEC due to, 139 P Parvovirus B19, clinical correlation, 87 described, 86 diagnosis and treatment of, discussion, transmission/pathogenesis of, Penicillin for staphylococcal infections in infants, 124 Piperacillin/tazobactam dosing in infants, Polene(s) dosing in infants, Premature infants candidiasis in, See also Candidiasis, in premature infants Preterm birth CA and, 158 Pseudomonas spp. NEC due to, 138 Pyuria defined, R Renal abnormalities UTIs in infants due to, 19 Respiratory distress syndrome CA and, Rotavirus NEC due to, Rubella, S Sepsis early onset, Staphylococcal infections in infants, clinical manifestations of, 123 diagnosis of, 123 epidemiology of, introduction, resistance to, treatment of, Staphylococcus spp. coagulase-negative. See Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS)
9 215 S. aureus BSIs due to, 7 clinical manifestations of, 123 diagnosis of, 123 epidemiology of, S. epidermidis NEC due to, Steroid(s) antenatal for CA, 161 T TORCH infections, See also specific infections, e.g., Toxoplasmosis HBV, HCV, introduction, parvovirus B19, perinatal HIV infection, rubella, toxoplasmosis, Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasmosis, clinical correlation, described, 78 diagnosis and treatment of, 82 discussion, 82 epidemiology of, transmission/pathogenesis of, Treponema pallidum, clinical correlation, described, diagnosis and treatment of, discussion, epidemiology of, 83 transmission/pathogenesis of, 83 Triazole(s) dosing in infants, U Uncircumcized infants UTIs in, 19 Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in infants, causes of E. coli, 18 maternal history of UTIs, renal abnormalities, 19 uncircumcized males, 18 19
10 216 Urinary (continued ) clinical correlations, concomitant bacteremia and meningitis, 21 diagnosis of, epidemiology of, in first three days of life, 17 introduction, 17 recurrence of, 23 risk factors for, treatment of, maternal history of UTIs in infants related to, UTIs. See Urinary tract infections (UTIs) V Vaccine(s) CMV maternal research related to, GBS in bacterial meningitis in infants prevention, Valacyclovir dosing in infants, Valganciclovir dosing in infants, Vancomycin for staphylococcal infections in infants, Vancomycin resistance in staphylococcal infections in infants, 124 Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection perinatal, discussion, introduction, 63 prevalence/incidence of, prevention/treatment of infant interventions for, maternal interventions for, Virus(es) NEC due to, astrovirus, 141 CMV, coronavirus, 140 enteroviruses, HIV, 141 norovirus, 139 rotavirus, Voriconazole dosing in infants, VZV infection. See Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection
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