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1 Neurol Clin N Am 20 (2002) Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A ALS. See Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) active denervation changes in, 541 approach to patient with, chronic denervation changes in, described, 527 diagnosis of, differential diagnosis of, 530, electrodiagnostic approach to overview of, electrophysiologic diagnostic criteria in, electrophysiologic evaluation in, fasciculation potentials in, 547 incidence of, 527 motor conduction studies in, motor unit number estimate in, needle electrode examination in, nerve conduction studies in, repetitive nerve stimulation in, 535 sensory conduction studies in, survival rates with, 527 Amyotrophy monomelic benign, Arm/forearm median neuropathy in approach to patient with, Axillary neuropathies approach to patient with, B Benign monomelic amyotrophy, Botulism electrodiagnostic approach to findings in, /02/$ - see front matter Ó 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. PII: S ( 0 2 )

2 606 Index / Neurol Clin N Am 20 (2002) Brachial plexopathy pathophysiologic subtypes of electrodiagnostic manifestations of, approach to patient with, Brachial plexus anatomy of, electrodiagnostic assessment of, approach to, elements of assessment of, axillary nerve, 442 C5 APR, 438 C6 APR, C7 APR, 439 C8 APR, lateral cord, 442 lower trunk, 442 medial cord, 442 median nerve, 443 middle trunk, 441 musculocutaneous nerve, posterior cord, 442 radial nerve, 443 T1 APR, 440 ulnar nerve, 443 upper trunk, 441 assessment of MABC nerve, lesions of classification of, Bulbospinal neuronopathy, 550 C Central nervous system (CNS) disorders evaluation of needle EMG in, CNS. See Central nervous system (CNS) Complex repetitive discharges spontaneous activity on needle EMG generated from muscle fibers and, Congenital myasthenic syndromes electrodiagnostic approach to findings in, Cramp discharges spontaneous activity on needle EMG generated from nerve/motors neurons and,

3 Index / Neurol Clin N Am 20 (2002) D Distal superficial peroneal mononeuropathy approach to patient with, 492 E Elbow ulnar neuropathy at approach to patient with, weakness about approach to patient with, Electromyography (EMG) for radiculopathy approach to patient with, See also Radiculopathy(ies) in myopathies, laboratory report in, needle. See Needle electromyography (EMG) overview of, procedures for, referral process for, scope of, single-fiber in neuromuscular junction disorder, terminology associated with, EMG. See Electromyography (EMG) Endplate spikes in spontaneous activity on needle EMG generated near neuromuscular junction, 369 Extremity(ies) lower. See Lower extremities upper. See Upper extremities F F response, See also F waves analysis of, clinical application of, physiology of, technique of, F waves. See also F response vs. H reflexes, 345 Fasciculation potentials spontaneous activity on needle EMG generated from nerve/motors neurons and, 376 Femoral mononeuropathy approach to patient with,

4 608 Index / Neurol Clin N Am 20 (2002) Fibrillation potentials spontaneous activity on needle EMG generated from muscle fibers and, Finger drop approach to patient with, Foot pain/numbness of approach to patient with, distal superficial peroneal mononeuropathy, tarsal tunnel syndrome, anterior, weakness of approach to patient with, peroneal mononeuropathy, sciatic mononeuropathy, Forearm/wrist/hand pain and weakness/numbness in approach to patient with, G Genitofemoral mononeuropathy approach to patient with, Gluteal mononeuropathy approach to patient with, 497 Groin numbness of approach to patient with, H H reflex(es), clinical uses of, normal findings in, 343 physiology of, recording technique in, vs. F waves, 345 Hand(s) weakness/numbness in approach to patient with, I Iliohypogastric mononeuropathy approach to patient with, Ilioinguinal mononeuropathy approach to patient with, Inclusion body myositis,

5 Index / Neurol Clin N Am 20 (2002) L Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome electrodiagnostic approach to findings in, Lateral femoral cutaneous mononeuropathy approach to patient with, Leg(s) weakness of approach to patient with, femoral mononeuropathy, gluteal mononeuropathy, 497 obturator mononeuropathy, Long thoracic neuropathies approach to patient with, 452 Lower extremities mononeuropathy of approach to patient with, See also specific site, e.g., Foot foot pain/numbness, foot weakness, groin and thigh numbness, introduction to, 479 proximal leg weakness, M Median neuropathy at wrist approach to patient with, in arm/forearm approach to patient with, Meralgia paresthetica approach to patient with, Mononeuropathy(ies) distal superficial peroneal approach to patient with, femoral approach to patient with, genitofemoral approach to patient with, 499 iliohypogastric approach to patient with, ilioinguinal approach to patient with, lateral femoral cutaneous approach to patient with,

6 610 Index / Neurol Clin N Am 20 (2002) Mononeuropathy(ies) (continued ) obturator approach to patient with, peroneal. See Peroneal mononeuropathy sciatic approach to patient with, of lower extremities approach to patient with, See also specific type and Lower extremities, mononeuropathy of,, approach to patient with of upper extremities approach to patient with, See also specific type and Upper extremities, mononeuropathy of, Motor conduction studies in ALS, Motor neuron disease. See also specific disease, e.g., Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) approach to patient with, Motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) in myopathies, voluntary needle EMG examination of, See also Needle electromyography (EMG), in voluntary MUAP evaluation Motor unit number estimate in ALS, Multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block, 549 Musculocutaneous neuropathies approach to patient with, Myasthenia gravis electrodiagnostic approach to findings in, Myasthenic syndrome congenital electrodiagnostic approach to findings in, Myokymic discharges spontaneous activity on needle EMG generated from nerve/motors neurons and, 378 Myopathy(ies) approach to patient with, differential diagnosis of, electrodiagnostic studies in,

7 Index / Neurol Clin N Am 20 (2002) EMG patterns in, laboratory testing in, quantitative studies in, signs and symptoms of, Myositis inclusion body, Myotonic discharges spontaneous activity on needle EMG generated from muscle fibers and, N Needle electrode examination in ALS, Needle electromyography (EMG) abnormal patterns of, demanding nature of, 361 equipment in, examination using, fundamentals of, in neuromuscular junction disorder, 565 in myopathies, 594 in voluntary MUAP evaluation, abnormal findings acute myopathic, 392 acute neuropathic axonal loss, chronic myopathic, 392 chronic neuropathic axonal loss, CNS disorders, myopathic end stage, 392 neuromuscular junction disorders, neuropathic demyelinating lesions, 391 patterns of, reinnervation following severe denervation, 393 firing pattern, morphologic aspects, normal findings, physiologic aspects, stability in, insertional activity on, 364 needle electrode in, normal patterns of, procedure for, scope of, 292 spontaneous activity on, analysis of, firing characteristics in, generated from muscle fibers,

8 612 Index / Neurol Clin N Am 20 (2002) Needle electromyography (EMG) (continued ) complex repetitive discharges, fibrillation potentials, myotonoic discharges, positive sharp waves, generated from nerve/motor neurons, cramp discharges, doublets, 17, 376 fasciculation potentials, 376 multiplets, 17, 376 myokymic discharges, 378 neuromyotonic discharges, triplets, 17, 376 generated near neuromuscular junction, 369 endplate spikes in, 369 morphology of, role of, stability of, 368 Nerve conduction studies (NCS), amplitude in, 310 area in, 313 combined patterns in, components assessed in, conduction block pattern in, conduction failure pattern in, conduction velocity in, differential slowing in, duration of, 311 focal nerve lesion pathophysiology of, focal slowing in, in ALS, in neuromuscular junction disorder, 565 in myopathies, in radiculopathy, interpretation of, latency of, localization by, anatomy factor in, duration factor in, 335 in focal nerve injuries, nerve fascicle factor in, nerve fiber localization, 336 pathway localization, 336 point localization, 327 segment localization, severity factor in, scope of, 292 standard vs. nonstandard, 313

9 Index / Neurol Clin N Am 20 (2002) technical aspects of, types of, Nerve/motor neurons spontaneous activity on needle EMG generated from, Neuromuscular blocking defined, 567 Neuromuscular jitter defined, 567 Neuromuscular junction described, diseases of, spontaneous activity on needle EMG generated near, 369 Neuromuscular junction disorders electrodiagnostic approach to, See also specific approaches, e.g., Repetitive nerve stimulation, in neuromuscular junction disorder findings in, needle EMG in, , 565 nerve conduction studies in, 565 repetitive nerve stimulation in, rapid, slow, single fiber EMG in, strategy in, Neuromyotonic discharges spontaneous activity on needle EMG generated from nerve/motors neurons and, Neuron(s) nerve/motor spontaneous activity on needle EMG generated from, Neuronopathy bulbospinal, 548 Neuropathy(ies) axillary approach to patient with, median at wrist approach to patient with, in arm/forearm approach to patient with, musculocutaneous approach to patient with, radial approach to patient with,

10 614 Index / Neurol Clin N Am 20 (2002) Neuropathy(ies) (continued ) spondylotic, suprascaular approach to patient with, thoracic long approach to patient with, 452 ulnar at elbow approach to patient with, O Obturator mononeuropathy approach to patient with, P Pain in peripheral polyneuropathy, Peripheral polyneuropathy causes of, 504 characterization of, 504 evaluation of, patterns of, 505 prevalence of, 503 anatomic considerations in, approach to patient with, introduction to, autonomic nervous system dysfunction in, clinical history of, electrodiagnostic studies in, facial nerve involvement in, family history in, localization considerations in, neurocutaneous manifestations in, 517 pain in, pathologic considerations in, proximal and distal sensorimotor neuropathies in, symptoms of motor, sensory, time course of, Peroneal mononeuropathy approach to patient with, axon loss in, 482, conduction block across fibular neck in, 482 electrodiagnostic patterns in, 484

11 Index / Neurol Clin N Am 20 (2002) electrodiagnostic studies in, mixed loss in, distal superficial approach to patient with, Plexopathy brachial. See Brachial plexopathy Polyneuropathy(ies) peripheral. See Peripheral polyneuropathy Polyradiculopathy(ies), compressive, diabetic, Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (PFCN) numbness of approach to patient with, R Radial neuropathies approach to patient with, Radiculopathy(ies) acute defined, cervical, chronic defined, 410 extraspinal, lubosacral, severity of defined, 410 anatomy of, approach to patient with, needle electrode examination in, nerve conduction studies in, pathophysiology of, Repetitive nerve stimulation in ALS, 535 in neuromuscular junction disorder, basic concepts of, rapid, slow, technical aspects of, S Sciatic mononeuropathy approach to patient with,

12 616 Index / Neurol Clin N Am 20 (2002) Sensory conduction studies in ALS, Sharp waves positive spontaneous activity on needle EMG generated from muscle fibers and, Shoulder(s) weak or painful approach to patient with, axillary neuropathies, long thoracic neuropathies, 452 suprascapular neuropathies, Single-fiber EMG (SFEMG) in neuromuscular junction disorder, stimulation, 569 technical aspects of, 566 voluntary, Somatosensory evoked responses in radiculopathy, Spondylotic neuropathy, Suprascapular neuropathies approach to patient with, T Tarsal tunnel syndrome anterior approach to patient with, approach to patient with, Thigh(s) numbness of approach to patient with, Thoracic neuropathies long approach to patient with, 452 U Ulnar neuropathy at elbow approach to patient with, Upper extremities mononeuropathy of approach to patient with, See also specific site, e.g., Shoulder(s)

13 Index / Neurol Clin N Am 20 (2002) forearm/wrist/hand pain and weakness/numbness, general principles of, 452 introduction to, 451 weak or painful shoulder, weakness about the elbow, wrist or finger drop, W Wrist median neuropathy at approach to patient with, Wrist drop approach to patient with,

Making sense of Nerve conduction & EMG

Making sense of Nerve conduction & EMG Drs R Arunachalam Consultant Clinical Neurophysiologist Wessex Neurological Centre Southampton University Hospital EMG/NCS EMG machine For the assessment of patients