1/6 Bellwork and Objective

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "1/6 Bellwork and Objective"

Kathryn Manning
5 years ago
Views:

1 1/6 Bellwork and Objective Bellwork: Watch the clip of Kim Peek the autistic savant that the movie Rain Man is based off of. What theory of intelligence best explains his abilities? Triarchic Multiple Intelligences g Explain your answer.

2 Cognitive Abilities Chapter 10: Intelligence & Testing

3 Cognitive Ability Cognitive Ability The capacity to perform higher mental processes (such as reasoning & problem solving) Intelligence Robert Sternberg s Characteristics Possession of knowledge Efficiently use knowledge Employ reasoning in different environments

4 The History of Measuring Intelligence Alfred Binet French psychologist Identified & studied children performing poorly in schools. Aged-Graded Test Items Chronological Age compared w/ Mental Age Stanford-Binet Test English Language Version of the Binet Exam

5 History of IQ Tests Intelligence Quotient Mental Age/Chronological Age x 100=IQ Purpose & Intent Rank individuals according to IQ. Pinpoint who did/did not have sustainable intelligence. Argument at this time was intelligence is inherited. Controversial Many argued intelligence is not simply inherited. Later theories suggested intelligence develops w/education & experience. Group tests proved to be culturally biased.

6 Alpha/Beta Tests WWI 1.If plants are dying for lack of rain, you should: water them. ask a florist s advice. put fertilizer around them. 2. It is better to fight than to run, because: cowards are shot. it is more honorable. if you run you may get shot in the back. 3. Why should all parents be made to send their children to school? B/c it prepares them for adult life. it keeps them out of mischief. they are too young to work. Beta Example: Picture of tennis court with no net.. What s missing? 4. Why do some men who could afford to own a house live in a rented one? b/c they don t have to pay taxes. they don t have to buy a rented house. they can make more by investing the money the house would cost.

was less dependent having a on formal education Subtests were scored separately

7 History of IQ Tests David Wechsler Developed tests to improve upon earlier ones. 3 Key Differences Included VERBAL & NON-VERBAL subtests Constructed so that success was less dependent having a on formal education Subtests were scored separately Special Versions WAIS: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale WISC: Wechlser Intelligence Scale for Children

8 Today s Tests of Intelligence Wechsler Tests Verbal Scale-7 Subsets Performance Scale-7 Subsets Raw score of individual is compared to the raw score of others in same age group Stanford-Binet (5 th Edition) Ten Subsets Include Fluid Reasoning & Knowledge IQ Scoring Points are added up for every correct answer Total score compared to others 100 is the average: Score (IQ) reflects relative standing w/in your age population

9 The Normal Distribution of IQ Scores

10 Stevenson Mental Inventory Scale (# correct) IQ: IQ: IQ: or less IQ: 82 or less

11 Types of Tests Aptitude Tests Measures a person s capacity to learn certain things/perform certain tasks. ACT/GRE/SAT Achievement Tests Measure what a person has accomplished or learned in a particular area. Classroom Tests

12 Measuring Quality of Tests Tests Procedure for observing behavior in a standard situation. Standardized Objective Norms Reliability Degree to which a test can be repeated w/ same results Calculate correlation coefficient (b/w 2 sets of scores on same test by the same person) Test/Retest Reliability Method; Alternate Form Method; Split-Half Method Validity Degree to which test scores are interpreted correctly & used appropriately Content validity; Criterion Validity; Predictive Validity; Construct Validity

14 How does intelligence Develop? Nature OR Nurture? Nature (Genetic Influences) Nurture (Environmental Influences)

16 The Modern Version of the Genetic Argument In general, the heritability argument was best supported by correlations between intelligence and relationship or the famous twin studies. A review of such studiesrevealed the following correlations between the IQ scores of: Identical twins reared together.86 Identical twins reared apart.72 Fraternal twins reared together.60 Non-twin siblings reared together.47 Non-twin siblings reared apart.24 Parents and their children living together.50 Parent and a child separated by adoption.36 Unrelated children reared together.29 Adoptive parent and his/her adoptive child.16

18 Nature or Nurture? "Mother Nature has plainly not entrusted the determination of our intellectual capacities to the blind fate of a gene or genes; she gave us parents, learning, language, culture and education to program ourselves with."

19 Nature or Nurture? it would be "quite practicable to produce a high gifted race of men by judicious marriages during several consecutive generations."

20 Nature or Nurture? "Give me a dozen healthy infants & my own specific world to bring them up in, & I'll guarantee to take any one at random & train him to become any type of specialist I might select - doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant, chef & yes, even beggar & thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors."

21 Nature or Nurture? "Well-controlled adoption studies done in France have found that transferring an infant from a family having low socioeconomic status (SES) to a home where parents have high SES improves childhood IQ scores by 12 to 16 points or about one standard deviation, which is considered a large effect size in psychological research."

22 Nature or Nurture? Genetic influences, brain chemistry, and neurological development contribute strongly to who we are as children and what we become as adults. For example, tendencies to excessive worrying or timidity, leadership qualities, risk taking, obedience to authority, all appear to have a constitutional aspect.

23 Nature or Nurture? The route through childhood is shaped by many forces, and it differs for each of us. Our biological inheritance, the temperament with which we are born, the care we receive, our family relationships, the place where we grow up, the schools we attend, the culture in which we participate, and the historical period in which we live all these affect the paths we take through childhood and condition the remainder of our lives.

24 Flynn Effect IQ scores increase from 1 generation to the next. This is evident for ALL countries for which data exists.

Testing and Individual Differences

Testing and Individual Differences College Board Objectives: AP students in psychology should be able to do the following: Define intelligence and list characteristics of how psychologists measure intelligence: