Springer Handbook of Auditory Research

Transcription

1 Springer Handbook of Auditory Research For further volumes:

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3 Andrej Kral Arthur N. Popper Richard R. Fay Editors Deafness With 54 Illustrations

4 Editors Andrej Kral Institute of Audioneurotechnology Hannover Medical School D Hannover, Germany Arthur N. Popper Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742, USA Richard R. Fay Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole, MA, USA ISSN ISSN (electronic) ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (

5 This volume is dedicated to Rainer Klinke ( ), Professor of Neurophysiology at J. W. Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main ( ), in appreciation of his contributions to auditory neuroscience, his mentorship, his support for deafness research, and his efforts in education of medical students. His curiosity on all aspects of nature remains a constant inspiration to his friends and former colleagues.

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7 Series Preface The following preface is the one that we published in Volume 1 of the Springer Handbook of Auditory Research back in As anyone reading the original preface, or the many users of the series, will note, we have far exceeded our original expectation of eight volumes. Indeed, with books published to date and those in the pipeline, we are now set for more than 50 volumes in SHAR, and we are still open to new and exciting ideas for additional books. We are very proud that there seems to be consensus, at least among our friends and colleagues, that SHAR has become an important and influential part of the auditory literature. While we have worked hard to develop and maintain the quality and value of SHAR, the real value of the books is very much because of the numerous authors who have given their time to write outstanding chapters and to our many coeditors who have provided the intellectual leadership to the individual volumes. We have worked with a remarkable and wonderful group of people, many of whom have become great personal friends of both of us. We also continue to work with a spectacular group of editors at Springer, currently Ann Avouris. Indeed, several of our past editors have moved on in the publishing world to become senior executives. To our delight, this includes the current president of Springer US, Dr. William Curtis. But the truth is that the series would and could not be possible without the support of our families, and we want to take this opportunity to dedicate all of the SHAR books, past and future, to them. Our wives, Catherine Fay and Helen Popper, and our children, Michelle Popper Levit, Melissa Popper Levinsohn, Christian Fay, and Amanda Fay, have been immensely patient as we developed and worked on this series. We thank them, and state, without doubt, that this series could not have happened without them. We also dedicate the future of SHAR to our next generation of (potential) auditory researchers our grandchildren Ethan and Sophie Levinsohn; Emma Levit; and Nathaniel, Evan, and Stella Fay. vii

8 viii Series Preface Preface 1992 The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of comprehensive and synthetic reviews of the fundamental topics in modern auditory research. The volumes are aimed at all individuals with interests in hearing research including advanced graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and clinical investigators. The volumes are intended to introduce new investigators to important aspects of hearing science and to help established investigators to better understand the fundamental theories and data in fields of hearing that they may not normally follow closely. Each volume presents a particular topic comprehensively, and each serves as a synthetic overview and guide to the literature. As such, the chapters present neither exhaustive data reviews nor original research that has not yet appeared in peerreviewed journals. The volumes focus on topics that have developed a solid data and conceptual foundation rather than on those for which a literature is only beginning to develop. New research areas will be covered on a timely basis in the series as they begin to mature. Each volume in the series consists of a few substantial chapters on a particular topic. In some cases, the topics will be ones of traditional interest for which there is a substantial body of data and theory, such as auditory neuroanatomy (Vol. 1) and neurophysiology (Vol. 2). Other volumes in the series deal with topics that have begun to mature more recently, such as development, plasticity, and computational models of neural processing. In many cases, the series editors are joined by a coeditor having special expertise in the topic of the volume. Richard R. Fay, Falmouth, MA Arthur N. Popper, College Park, MD

9 Volume Preface This book considers deafness as a medical condition, exploring the neuronal consequences on the peripheral and the central nervous system, as well as on cognition and learning, viewed from the standpoint of genetics, neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, molecular biology, systems neuroscience, and cognitive neuroscience. The chapter by Zippora Brownstein, Shaked Shivatzki, and Karen Avraham reviews the complexity of the genetic background of hearing loss, showing that it can result from molecular changes at various levels of the auditory system. Next, the chapter by Patricia Leake, Olga Stakhovskaya, and Stephen Rebscher reviews histopathological consequences of deafness on the cochlea and the spiral ganglion in humans and in animal models. The chapter by Michael Muniak, Catherine Connelly, Natasha Tirko, Jahn O Neil, and David Ryugo reviews the animal models used in deafness research and discusses their advantages and disadvantages with respect to human deafness and therapy with cochlear implants. Following this, Dan Sanes focuses on functional consequences of deafness on individual neurons throughout the auditory pathway and reviews the evidence on the effects of deafness on excitation and inhibition at several levels of the auditory system. The chapter by Andrej Kral, Peter Baumhoff, and Robert Shepherd focuses on integrative function of the auditory pathway in deafness by analyzing feature sensitivity in the auditory system, both in the spectral as well as in the temporal domain, and discusses the consequences of deficits for categorization of auditory inputs. This is complemented by the chapter by Anu Sharma and Teresa Mitchell, which considers the human auditory system and developmental effects of deafness and cochlear implantation. Following this, Diane Lazard, Anne-Lise Giraud, and Pascal Barone further extend the discussion on multisensory integration in deafness by reviewing ix

10 x Volume Preface possible neuronal mechanisms of multisensory integration, particularly by differentiating possible subcortical from cortical influences. Matthew Dye and Daphne Bavelier make clear in their chapter that deafness is more than an absence of hearing: It affects social interactions, educational placement, family dynamics, and psychosocial development. Finally, Peter Blamey and Julia Sarant review basic developmental steps in language development and discuss these steps in hearingimpaired individuals. They elucidate how much hearing is required for development of spoken language. As in all SHAR volumes, the chapters from this book are complemented by those in earlier volumes. Particularly relevant are previous volumes on topics related to hearing impairment including peripheral and central auditory effects of hearing loss reviewed in Volume 20, Cochlear Implants: Auditory Prostheses and Electric Hearing (edited by Zeng, Popper, and Fay). Also relevant and complementary are the topics of binaural hearing development, central auditory development, and postnatal language development reviewed in Volume 42, Human Auditory Development (edited by Werner, Fay, and Popper). The possibilities of medical interventions are discussed at length in Volume 39, Auditory Prostheses (edited by Zeng, Popper, and Fay). Further, mechanisms of hearing impairment are reviewed in Volume 40, Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (edited by Le Prell, Henderson, Fay, and Popper). Andrej Kral, Hannover, Germany Arthur N. Popper, College Park, MD Richard R, Fay, Falmouth, MA SHAR logo by Mark B. Weinberg, Bethesda, Maryland, used with permission.

11 Contents Series Preface... Volume Preface... Contributors vii ix xiii 1 To Hear or Not to Hear: Neuroscience of Deafness... 1 Andrej Kral 2 Molecular Etiology of Deafness and Cochlear Consequences Zippora Brownstein, Shaked Shivatzki, and Karen B. Avraham 3 Effects of Early-Onset Deafness in the Developing Auditory System Patricia A. Leake, Olga Stakhovskaya, and Stephen J. Rebscher 4 Synaptic Organization and Plasticity in the Auditory System of the Deaf White Cat Michael A. Muniak, Catherine J. Connelly, Natasha N. Tirko, Jahn N. O Neil, and David K. Ryugo 5 Synaptic and Cellular Consequences of Hearing Loss Dan H. Sanes 6 Integrative Neuronal Functions in Deafness Andrej Kral, Peter Baumhoff, and Robert K. Shepherd 7 The Impact of Deafness on the Human Central Auditory and Visual Systems Anu Sharma and Teresa Mitchell 8 Multisensory Interactions in Auditory Cortex and Auditory Rehabilitation in Deafness Diane S. Lazard, Anne-Lise Giraud, and Pascal Barone xi

12 xii Contents 9 Visual Attention in Deaf Humans: A Neuroplasticity Perspective Matthew W.G. Dye and Daphne Bavelier 10 The Consequences of Deafness for Spoken Language Development Peter J. Blamey and Julia Z. Sarant

13 Contributors Karen B. Avraham Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Pascal Barone Université Toulouse, Cerveau & Cognition, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, UMR 5549, Faculté de Médecine de Rangueil, Toulouse, France Peter Baumhoff Institute of Audioneurotechnology (VIANNA) and Department of Experimental Otology, ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Daphne Bavelier Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA Peter J. Blamey Bionics Institute of Australia, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Audiology and Speech Pathology Department, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Bionics, The University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Zippora Brownstein Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Catherine J. Connelly Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Matthew W.G. Dye Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA Anne-Lise Giraud Ecole Normale Supérieure, Inserm U 960, 29 rue d Ulm, Paris, France; Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva 4, Switzerland xiii

14 xiv Contributors Andrej Kral Institute of Audioneurotechnology (VIANNA) and Department of Experimental Otology, ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA Diane S. Lazard Ecole Normale Supérieure, Inserm U 960, 29 rue d Ulm, Paris, France Patricia A. Leake Epstein Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA Teresa Mitchell Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Waltham, MA, USA Michael A. Muniak Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia Jahn N. O Neil Center for Hearing and Balance, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Stephen J. Rebscher Epstein Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA David K. Ryugo Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Dan H. Sanes Center for Neural Science and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA Julia Z. Sarant Audiology and Speech Pathology Department, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia Anu Sharma Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA Robert K. Shepherd Bionics Institute and Department of Medical Bionics, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Shaked Shivatzki Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Olga Stakhovskaya Epstein Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA Natasha N. Tirko Center for Hearing and Balance, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA