icsports 2014 Sports Medicine and Support Technology Psychological and physiological stress and recovery monitoring

Transcription

1 icsports 2014 Sports Medicine and Support Technology Psychological and physiological stress and recovery monitoring Michel Nicolas a, Philippe Vacher a, Laurent Mourot b, & Guillaume Martinent c a Laboratory of Socio Psychology and Management of Sport (SPMS, EA 4180), Sport Sciences Faculty of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France ; b Laboratory of Culture Sport Health Society and Exercise Performance, Health, Innovation Platform, University of Franche-Comté, & Clinical Investigation Centre, INSERM CIT 808, CHRU of Besançon, France; c Center of Research and Innovation on Sport, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France michel.nicolas@u-bourgogne.fr

2 Psychophysiological stress and recovery monitoring Psychological and physiological stress and recovery monitoring is a key issue both for coaches and athletes well-being and performance. The main issue for coaches is to determine the precise dose-response relationship between stress provoked by training load and athletes resources. However, the attempts to identify reliable physiological or psychological markers of an adequate stress-recovery balance still raise several questions

3 Litterature Numerous studies have attempted to identify reliable physiological, biological or psychological markers of an adequate stress-recovery balance. However, a single consistent marker has not yet been identified [Coutts et al., 2007 ; Filaire et al., 2013] Prolonged and continuous decrease in performance [Halson & Jeukendrup, 2004 ; Kreider et al., 1998 ; Urhausen & Kindermann, 2002] Impaired mood states reported by psychological measures [Coutts, Slattery & Wallace, 2007 ; Coutts, Wallace & Slattery, 2007] Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) [Buchheit, 2014 ; Meeusen, Duclos, Foster, & al., 2013]. Sympathetic ANS Parasympathetic activity of the ANS [Mourot, et al., 2004 ; Schmitt et al., 2013].

4 Litterature Physiological measures Heart Rate Variability [HRV; Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, 1996] A pertinent tool to investigate the status of the Autonomic Nervous System Indicate the parasympathetic and sympathetic level of implication in cardiac regulation Use to monitor adaptations to training load [Meeusen, et al., 2013 ; Kiviniemi, et al., 2014 ; Schmitt,, et al., 2013]

5 Litterature Psychological measures RESTQ-Sport questionnaire(restq-sport;[kellmann& Kallus, 2001]) Based on a biopsychological perspective of recovery and stress Indicate the extent to which someone is physically and/or mentally stressed according to its resources.[brinketal,,2010;couttsetal.,2007;kellmann,2010]

6 Stress-RecoveryModel (Kellmann & Kallus, 2001) Etats de stress Capacité de stress Performance individuelle optimale Limites des ressources Etats de récupération

7 General Problematic Several limitations of the RESTQ-Sport The factorial structure of the RESTQ-Sport [Davis et al., 2007] The length of the questionnaire : 76-item original version Despite the assumption that training load, psychological and physiological stress-recovery states are interrelated No study has yet investigated the interactions between these stress-recovery indicators during a taper training cycle.

8 Objectives Purposes First : Provide evidences for the factorial validity of the French short version of the REST-Q Sport Second:Examine dose-response relationships between the recovery-stress psychological states (RESTQ-36-R-Sport questionnaire), training load and the status of the autonomic nervous system (heart rate variability, HRV) Hypothesis Training load would be positively correlated to the subjective stress dimension and indicators of sympathetic activity TL+ Perceived Stress&+Sympathetic ANS Negatively correlated to the recovery dimension and indicators of parasympathetic activity TL Perceived Recovery& Parasympathetic ANS In addition, we supposed that subjective and physiological stress and recovery indicators would be associated.

9 Methods Procedure and Participants French university athletes (129 women and 344 men, Mage = 18.61, SD =.99) responded voluntarily to the RESTQ-36-R-Sport during an academic session to assess the structural validity of the French RESTQ-Sport short version. 2. Eleven elite swimmers (1 woman and 10 men, Mage = 15.6, SD = 1.6) participated to the training sessions to assess the relationships between psychological and physiological stress-recovery states. During the last phase preceding the National Championship Tapering period of low volume and moderate-intensity training (maximum of 18h week 1 the first week and 11h week 1 the second week). Strategic period : 1. to manage both physical and psychological resources 2. to induce optimal performance before the competitions

10 Methods Tools RESTQ-36-R-Sport. 36 items divided into 12 subscales with 3 items for each subscale. 3 general stress subscales : General Stress, Social Stress, Fatigue 3 general recovery subscales : Somatic Relaxation, General Well-being, Sleep Quality 3 sport specific stress subscales : Disturbed Breaks, Emotional Exhaustion And Fitness/ Injury) 3 sport specific recovery subscales : Fitness/Being In Shape, Personal Accomplishment, Self-efficacy Stress and recovery processes from a physical, emotional, behavioral and social perspective HeartRateVariability(HRV).5-5 test : 5 running at a level perceived as easy 5 lying down posture to recover passively HRV indices were measured with Suunto belts and calculated with Kubios HRV Analysis software

11 RESULTS Confirmatory Factor Analyses of the RESTQ-36-R-Sport. The findings from the series of analyses provided strong support for the validity and reliability of the revised RESTQ-36-Sport: χ2 (528) = , p <.001, CFI =.95, SRMR =.06, RMSEA =.05, 90% CI = The present study suggests that the multidimensional conceptualization of stress-recovery states is statistically tenable for the French translation of the RESTQ-36-R-Sport.

12 RESULTS Relationships between training load, recovery-stress states and HRV Dose response relationships between decreased training load, the status of the autonomic nervous system evaluated through HR measurements and subjective assessment of stress and recovery. Training load was (1) Positively associated with perceived stress (r =.62, p <.01) and indices of sympathetic activity (HRex (r =.58, p <.01), LFnu (r =.62, p <.01), and LF/HF (r =.62, p <.01)) TL + Stress (r =.62) + Sympathic ANS: HRex (.58) / LFnu (.62) / LF/HF (r =.62) (2) Negatively with perceived recovery (r = -.53, p =.01) and indices of parasympathetic activity (nhrr60 (r = -.55, p <.01), HFnu (r = -.46, p <.05). TL - Recovery (r = -.53) - Parasympathetic ANS: nhrr60 (-.55) / HFnu (-.46)

13 Discussion Despite some limitations, these findings might have implications for sport psychologists and sport practitioners: Importance of stress-recovery balance for both performance and well-being Monitoring best prevention of non-adaptive psychological and physiological states and its impaired effects. The relationships between: Training load Psychological and Physiological Stress Responses Psychological questionnaire and HRV : relevant indicators of training status in athletes

14 Conclusion The 12-factor 36-item instrument (RESTQ-36-R-Sport): more parsimonious and improved fitting model to obtain a more comprehensive and multidimensional profile of athletes perceptions of stress and recovery states. Coaches could better determine strategies to improve recovery and propose more appropriate techniques of intervention. However, supportive relationships of coaches towards athletes remain the key determinant to improve coping abilities and goal attainments in sport performance.

15 Psychological and physiological stress and recovery monitoring Michel Nicolas a, Philippe Vacher a, Laurent Mourot b, & Guillaume Martinent c a Laboratory of Socio Psychology and Management of Sport (SPMS, EA 4180), Sport Sciences Faculty of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France ; b Laboratory of Culture Sport Health Society and Exercise Performance, Health, Innovation Platform, University of Franche-Comté, & Clinical Investigation Centre, INSERM CIT 808, CHRU of Besançon, France; c Center of Research and Innovation on Sport, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France Acknowledgments We want to thank Michael Kellmann who kindly proposed the questionnaire for research purpose. This study was realized with a research funding from the fondation de coopération scientifique du PRES Bourgogne Franche-Comté. michel.nicolas@u-bourgogne.fr