aps/stone U0 d14 review d2 teacher notes 9/14/17 obj: review Opener: I have- who has
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1 aps/stone U0 d14 review d2 teacher notes 9/14/17 obj: review Opener: I have- who has
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3 4: You should be able to explain/discuss each of the following words/concepts below... Observational Study/Sampling Experiments How to do it Badly? Sampling Errors (while attempting to select the sample) 1) What s the problem with convenience samples? 2) What s a voluntary response sample? 3) Explain undercoverage sample How to do it Badly? Explain: If don t consider lurking variables Explain confounded Explain why we use random assignment to treatment groups: Non-sampling Errors (after you have selected them to be in your sample) 1) Explain non-response 2) Explain response 3) Explain question wording How to do it Well? Random Selection (eliminates favoritism and self-selection) 1) What is Simple random sample? a. hat, random number generator 2) What is Stratified sample? 3) What is Cluster sample? a. How is it different from a stratified random sample? 4) What is Multi-stage sample? What is bias? What is inference? What is sampling error (sampling variability)? What the difference between random selection and random assignment? What s the difference between stratification and blocking? What s the difference between the conclusions you can make in an observational survey vs. an experiment? How to do it Well? 1) What are the 2 reasons for controlling as much of the experiment as possible? a. to prevent lurking variables from.. b. to reduce variability in the.. Briefly define: Experimental units/subjects Factor(s) Level(s) Treatment(s) Response variable 2) What is the purpose of random assignment? a. To balance the effects of What does it mean if a study is double-blind? single-blind? placebo, treatment group, placebo effect What is the purpose of a control group? Do all experiments need control groups? 3) What is the purpose of replication? a. To make it easier to 4) What is a block? a. How should you choose which variables to block for? b. What is a matched pairs design? Discuss completely randomized design vs. randomized block design What does it mean if the results of an experiment are statistically significant?
4 I have a completely randomized design. Who has questions posed to a sample of a population? I have a simple random sample (SRS). Who has the entire group of individuals about whom we hope to learn? I have a sample. Who has a systematic failure of a sample to represent its population? I have voluntary response bias. Who has bias introduced to a sample when a large percent of those surveyed fail to respond? I have undercoverage. Who has bias in a survey design that influences responses? I have survey. Who has a sample in which every possible group of size n is equally likely. I have population. Who has a representative subset of a population? I have bias. Who has bias produced from having volunteers who choose to be in the sample? I have nonresponse bias. Who has the result from a sampling method that leaves out some part of the population? I have response bias. Who has a sample that includes the entire population?
5 I have a census. Who has the list of individuals or subjects from whom a sample is taken? I have a stratified sample. Who has a sampling design where heterogeneous groups are chosen at random? I have a systematic sample. Who has a sampling design where several sampling methods are combined? I have a convenience sample. Who has the naturally occurring variability found in samples? I have an observational study. Who has a study where treatments are randomly assigned to subjects? I have the sampling frame. Who has a sample where the population is first divided into homogeneous groups, then samples are drawn from each group? I have cluster sampling. Who has a sample where, say, every fifth individual is chosen? I have a multistage sample. Who has a sample that chooses subjects who are easiest to obtain? I have sampling variability. Who has a study where no treatments have been assigned to subjects? I have an experiment. Who has a variable in an experiment whose levels are controlled by the experimenter?
6 I have an explanatory variable or factor. Who has the individuals on whom an experiment is performed? I have levels. Who has the different levels of a single factor in an experiment? I have control, randomization, and replication. Who has the experimental design that is used to reduce the effect of variation among the experimental units. I have control group. Who has the condition where either the subject or the evaluator isn t aware of the treatment imposed? I have double-blind. Who has a treatment that is known to have no effect? I have experimental units. Who has the values that the experimenter used for a factor? I have treatments. Who has the three principles of experimental design? I have blocking. Who has the group of subjects used for a baseline treatment level? I have single-blind experiment. Who has the condition where neither the subject nor the evaluator knows the treatment imposed? I have a placebo. Who has the tendency of human subjects to react to a placebo?
7 I have the placebo effect. Who has the condition when the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor? I have confounding. Who has a design where all experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment?
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