Action observation and action imagination: from pathology to the excellent sport performance
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1 Action observation and action imagination: from pathology to the excellent sport performance
2 Imita'on Meltzoff & Moore, Science 1977
3 Rizzola8 and the Parma s group: The mirror system
4 Open problems for Mirror neurons Normally is not possible to study single neurons in the human brain, so most evidence for mirror neurons in humans is indirect. The func'on of the mirror system is a subject of much specula'on: Are the neurons ac've when the observed ac'on is goal- directed? Or is a pantomime of a goal- directed ac'on? How do they know that the definite ac'on is goal- directed or is a pantomime of the goal- directed ac'on?
5 The primary motor cortex (M1) M1 may have a role in ac'on recogni'on and skill acquisi'on Imagery (a cogni've process that involves mul'ple areas) may lead to poten'a'on of output from M1 (which is involved directly in execu'on) We may expand the knowledge about the role for forward models
6 Ac'on observa'on and imagina'on The motor cortex resonates for Muscle specific ac'va'on Body s parts Task parameters direc'on- amplitude, object s dimensions Internal ac'on simula'on Ac'on predic'on correct vs erroneous fake movements
7 Motor Cortex To obtain evidence of motor cortex ac'vity during observa'on and imagina'on of different movements
8 TMS-EMG
9
10 Muscle specificity
11 Imagine Observe Control FDI ADM EIP
12 FirstDorsalInterosseus AbducturDigi'Minimi Muscle- specific for ac'on observa'on and imagina'on ExtensorIndicisProprius Bufalari et al. Biol. Psych Romani et al., Neuroimage, 2005
13 Distonic hand
14 Observing pathological ac'ons Fiorio et al. Neuroscience, 2010
15 FDI Muscle Fiorio et al. Neuroscience, 2010
16 Task Parameters FLD FDI ADM Imagine to hold a sphere Hold a sphere Cesari et al. Neuropsychologia
17 Small Spheres Imagination Actual Action Cesari et al. Neuropsychologia 2011
18 Medium spheres Imagination Actual Action Cesari et al. Neuropsychologia 2011
19 Large Spheres Imagination Actual Action Cesari et al. Neuropsychologia 2011
20 the density Imagination Actual Action 20
21 density Imagination Actual Action Cesari et al. Neuropsychologia
22 Movement direc'on and amplitude Pizzolato et al. Neuroscience 2012
23 Small Amplitude Clockwise Direction Large Amplitude Counter Clockwise Direction Pizzolato et al. Neuroscience
24 Imagination Actual Action FDI ADM FLD Pizzolato et al. Neuroscience 2010
25 Muscle specificity FirstDorsalInterosseus AbducturDigi'Minimi ExtensorIndicisProprius Bufalari et al. Biol. Psych Romani et al., Neuroimage, 2005
26 Results: the two hemispheres 26
27
28 Inherent capacity to recognize other people s ac'ons Observing Performing Perfec'oning
29 These motor ideas may provide the neurobiological basis for space representa'on and understanding of ac'ons made by others It may be hypothesized that motor knowledge can be used to an'cipate a sequence of ac'ons when perceiving human mo'on. We may use predic've mechanisms which require pre- selec'on of relevant sensory informa'on - - like athletes do!
30 Combining the two areas of research: Bridging the gap between psychological research on exper'es and neuroscin'fic models of the basic mechanism that support spor'ng success Observer Athletes vs sport- journalist/non- athlets Ac'on Observed Measures Specific vs non- specific Sport ac'on Psychophysics/TMS We asked whether there is a correla0on between the ability to perform and to recognize an ac0on
31
32 Players Journalists Non- Players AglioA et al. Nature Neuroscience 2008
33 Players Journalists Non- Players AglioA et al. Nature Neuroscience 2008
34
35 AglioA et al. Nature Neuroscience 2008
36 The wrist angle different between IN and OUT at the instant of the ball throw The knee angle different between IN and OUT at the very beginning of the ac'on
37 AglioA et al. Nature Neuroscience 2008
38 Tomeo et al.cerebral Cortex 2012
39 Tomeo et al.cerebral Cortex 2012
40 Tomeo et al.cerebral Cortex 2012
41
42
43
44 van Ulzen et al. Social Neuroscience 2013
45 van Ulzen et al. Social Neuroscience 2013
46
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