Sample Mastery Questions Test 1

Transcription

1 Class: Date: Sample Mastery Questions Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.. A population refers to a. a portion of a group about which data are being collected b. the number of individuals in a group c. the entire group about which data are being collected d. the number of individuals within a given category 2. Simone surveys her class to determine the number of siblings for each student. The most appropriate method for displaying her data would be a a. broken-line graph c. stem-and-leaf plot b. histogram d. bar graph 3. For the data represented in the above box-and-whisker plot, the median of the upper half of the data is a. 7 c. 24 b. 2 d A bar graph is most appropriate for describing a. the frequency distribution of discrete data b. the frequency distribution of continuous data c. changes of data over time d. the median of a set of data 5. A set of data has values ranging from 420 to 250. The most appropriate spread for a class interval is a. 50 c. 200 b. 73 d In a sample of 50 high school students, 5 said that math was their favourite subject. If these data were represented in a circle graph, the corresponding sector angle would be a. 5 c. 54 b. 30 d A broken-line graph is best used to describe a. the frequency of a data category c. the spread of data b. trends of the data over time d. the percentage of data in each category

2 8. A census gathers information from a. a specific group within a population c. a random sample of a population b. all individuals in a population d. the population over many years 9. A graph in which data are organized into equal class intervals along the horizontal axis is a a. pictograph c. bar graph b. broken-line graph d. histogram 0. In a stem-and-leaf plot, the leaves represent the a. frequency of a data category b. final digits of the values in a data category c. initial digits of a data category d. average of the data values. The following pictograph depicts the population of selected provinces. Province Ontario Population Quebec B.C. Nova Scotia Which of the following statements can be concluded? a. the population of Quebec is b. Nova Scotia is the least populated province in Canada c. the population of Ontario is approximately double that of B.C. d. the population of Quebec is increasing 2. The median of a set of data refers to the a. average of all data values b. data value with the greatest frequency c. spread of the data values d. middle term in the frequency distribution 3. A class interval refers to a. a division used for grouping a set of observations b. the range of ages among a group of students c. the number of categories within a group of data d. the spread of values within an individual category 4. A frequency table is used to a. represent data in a graphical format b. list variables and their frequencies c. analyze the change in frequencies over time d. illustrate the median and spread of a set of data 2

3 5. In a circle graph, the sum of the sector angles is a. 360 c. 80 b. 00 d. the sum of the frequencies 6. A split-bar graph can be used to a. compare category frequencies of different genders b. compare category frequencies for different years c. compare category frequencies for different locations d. all of the above 7. A causal relationship means that a. two variables have a positive correlation b. two variables have a negative correlation c. two variables are unrelated d. one variable directly affects another 8. The following graph summarizes scoring by different positions on a hockey team. Which of the following is not a valid conclusion? a. there were fewer goals than assists b. defense scored fewer points than forwards c. the defense had a higher ratio of goals to assists d. the defense had fewer assists than the forwards 3

4 9. The following graph illustrates participation in various sports by students at a high school. Which sport has the greatest proportion of females? a. football c. basketball b. swimming d. gymnastics 20. Jason has a theory that left-handed golfers are better than right-handed golfers. He records the scores of several players and displays the results in the following graph. Which of the following statements is not true? a. there were more right-handed golfers than left-handed golfers b. left-handed golfers shot a lower percentage of above par scores than right-handed golfers c. right-handed golfers shot a lower percentage of above par scores than left-handed golfers d. right-handed golfers scored above par more often than par or lower 4

5 2. The following graph illustrates the trends in urban vs. rural population in Canada. Which of the following conclusions can be made? a. the total population is staying the same b. the rural population is decreasing c. soon there will be no rural population d. the percentage of the urban population is increasing 22. Students at a high school were asked which was their favourite subject. The results are shown in the following graph. Which subject is most popular among female students? a. Music c. Science b. Phys-Ed d. English 5

6 23. The owner of a video store has tracked the average number of weekly VHS and DVD rentals. The results are shown in the following graph. Which of the following statements is true? a. the total number of rentals is declining b. there are more DVD rentals than VHS rentals c. the number of VHS rentals is decreasing d. the proportion of VHS rentals is decreasing 24. Samantha surveys the students in her class and finds that the average math mark of females is higher than that of males. She concludes that females are better in math than males. Samantha's study is flawed because a. she did not ask for the students' marks in other courses b. her sample size was not large enough c. she did not say how much higher was the females average mark d. she did not draw a graph 6

7 25. What conclusion is valid based on the above data? a. a person's educational achievement is independent of their parents' b. a person's educational achievement is usually the same as their parents' c. having smart parents makes you smart d. there is a correlation between the educational achievement of parents and their children 26. Lisa asked the students in her class if they played basketball and also if they played volleyball. Her results are summarized below. Which of the following conclusions is valid? a. students who play basketball are not likely to play volleyball b. more students play basketball than volleyball c. students who play volleyball are likely to also play basketball d. there is no correlation between playing basketball and volleyball 7

8 27. Students were asked whether or not they enjoyed math class and English class. The results are shown in the following graph. Which of the following conclusions is not valid? a. most students enjoy math b. most students enjoy English c. students who enjoy math are less likely to enjoy English than those who do not enjoy math d. there is no correlation between enjoying math and English 28. Students at a high school were asked if they ever rode a bicycle to school. The results are shown in the following graph. Which of the following conclusions is valid? a. most males ride a bicycle to school b. females are less likely to bike to school c. males are less likely to bike to school d. there is no relationship between gender and biking to school 8

9 29. Students were asked whether they would prefer a cat or a dog for a pet. The results are shown in the following graph. Which of the following conclusions is valid? a. females are more likely to prefer cats over dogs b. most students prefer cats c. males and females are equally likely to prefer dogs d. there is no correlation between gender and pet preference 30. Carrie conducted a survey to determine if there is a relationship between reading for pleasure and doing well in English class. Which of the following conclusions is not valid? a. most students read for pleasure b. most students do well in English c. there is no correlation between reading for pleasure and doing well in English d. students who read for pleasure are more likely to do well in English 3. Which of the following is not true about a dependent variable? a. a dependent variable is determined from the independent variable b. a dependent variable is represented on the vertical axis of a graph c. a dependent variable represents the frequency of the independent variable d. a dependent variable may take on the same value for 2 different data points 9

10 32. In the following graph, what type of correlation is indicated? a. strong positive c. weak positive b. strong negative d. weak negative 33. In the following graph, what type of correlation is indicated? a. strong positive c. weak positive b. strong negative d. weak negative 34. The variables student height and grade in mathematics have a. a positive correlation c. an inverse correlation b. a negative correlation d. no correlation 35. Two variables have a strong negative correlation. Which of the following statements is not true? a. the dependent variable decreases as the independent variable increases b. the trend of the data exhibits an irregular decline c. the line of best fit has a negative slope d. most data points lie close to the line of best fit 0

11 36. A line of best fit a. must pass through the origin b. must pass through the median of the data c. must have a positive slope d. represents the trend of the data 37. The median-median line a. only passes through key points based on medians b. passes through the median x-value and median y-value of the data c. is another name for the line of best fit d. is used when there is no correlation between the variables 38. The amount of time spent studying for a math test and the mark achieved would most likely exhibit a. a positive correlation c. no correlation b. a negative correlation d. a dependent trend 39. A pattern of average behaviour that occurs over time is a. a positive correlation c. a trend b. a dependent variable d. a line of best fit 40. The horizontal axis usually represents the a. time c. dependent variable b. frequency d. independent variable 4. If two variables have no correlation a. the line of best fit has a slope of zero b. a median-median line must be used to predict trends c. the line of best fit has a negative slope d. the points on a scatter plot appear to be random 42. What type of correlation would exist between the number of hotdogs that a vendor sells and the price charged per hotdog? a. positive correlation c. no correlation b. negative correlation d. quadratic correlation 43. What type of correlation would exist between a person's height and her or his stride length? a. positive correlation c. no correlation b. negative correlation d. inverse correlation 44. Two variables have a weak negative correlation. Which of the following statements is most accurate? a. the line of best fit must have a small positive slope b. the line of best fit must have a small negative slope c. the data points lie very close to the line of best fit d. many data points do not lie very close to the line of best fit

12 45. What type of correlation exists in the following scatter plot? a. weak positive c. weak negative b. strong positive d. strong negative 46. The regression associated with a set of data a. is always linear b. is always quadratic c. may be linear or quadratic d. may be modelled with any type of function 47. Two variables have a correlation coefficient of r = 0.9. This indicates a. a strong positive correlation c. a strong negative correlation b. a weak positive correlation d. a weak negative correlation 48. If two variables have no correlation, their correlation coefficient would have a value of a. + c. 00 b. d Two variables have a coefficient of determination of The correlation coefficient could be a c. 0.8 b. 0.4 d A relationship in which all data values lie on the regression line has a correlation coefficient of a. c. b. 0 d. + or 2

13 5. The regression line shown would have a correlation coefficient closest to a. + c. b. 0.5 d For the regression line shown, the coefficient of determination would be closest to a. + c. b. 0 d The residuals for a set of data represent the a. differences between consecutive x-values b. vertical differences between data points and the line of best fit c. data points that lie below the line of best fit d. data points that do not lie on the line of best fit 54. If a set of data has a very strong correlation, the residual values will be a. very large c. negative b. positive d. very small 55. A coefficient of determination, r 2 = 0.75, indicates that a. 75% of the data lie on the regression line b. the slope of the regression line is 0.75 c. 75% of the variance in y is a result of the variance in x d. the data have a strong positive correlation 3

14 56. Which of the following statements is not true about variables having a correlation coefficient of? a. all data points lie on the line of best fit b. data points with larger x-values also have larger y-values c. there is a cause-effect relationship between the variables d. all of the residual values are zero 57. An agricultural researcher notices a strong positive correlation between the number of lady bugs in a garden and the growth of the plants. Which of the following statements is not true? a. if there are fewer lady bugs, then there is less plant growth b. if there are more lady bugs, then there is more plant growth c. the coefficient of determination is close to d. the plants cannot grow without the lady bugs 58. What type of correlation would exist between the speed that a person runs and the time required to complete a race? a. positive correlation c. no correlation b. negative correlation d. residual correlation 59. Which of the following is an example of a negative correlation? a. amount of studying and mark on a test b. temperature and number of kids at a pool c. a person s arm length and leg length d. number of people and slices of pizza per person 60. A set of data having small residual values means that a. the correlation coefficient is close to 0 b. there is a positive correlation c. there is a negative correlation d. there is a strong correlation 6. The purpose of the media is to a. give their personal opinions on events b. inform the public about events in an objective manner c. present data in a way that makes certain groups look favourable d. create false impressions and sway public opinion 62. Graphs can be misleading because a. they may use varying scales c. they may be based on small samples b. they may have suggestive captions d. all of the above 63. Which of the following statements is not true? The media can influence a person's opinion by a. using graphs and changing the vertical scale b. using data taken over a short period of time c. altering the data to make a better point d. using data taken from a small sample size 4

15 64. The student council decides to survey some students about the music they would like at an upcoming dance. If there are 000 students at the school, a reasonable sample size would be a. 0 c. 00 b. 20 d Based on the following graphs, which statement is true? a. the sale of cars is increasing faster than the sale of minivans b. there are more minivans sold than cars c. if the current trends continue, eventually there will be more minivans sold than cars d. the sale of minivans is increasing more slowly than the sale of cars 66. Which statement is most accurate about the following graph? a. the temperature has increased dramatically in the last 00 years b. the graph makes the temperature increase seem less than it really is c. the temperature has increased slightly in the last 00 years d. the graph gives very little information 5

16 67. The student council surveys all of the Grade 9 classes to determine what music to play at the next dance. The results would be flawed because the a. sample is not representative of the entire population b. sample size is too small c. entire school must be surveyed d. sample is not random 68. The following graph shows the number of points a hockey team had over four seasons. The graph is misleading because a. it does not include years before 999 b. it does not indicate the number of games c. the vertical scale exaggerates the number of points in 2002 d. it only shows the points for one team 69. If the vertical scale on a bar graph is changed, incorrect conclusions may be drawn because a. the heights of the bars are not proportional to the frequencies b. the frequencies may seem smaller or larger than what they really are c. the differences between frequencies may seem larger d. all of the above 70. Consider the following newspaper headline: "City Residents Oppose New Housing Subdivision" The headline may be misleading because a. it does not specify what percentage of residents are opposed b. it does not specify the number of residents surveyed c. it does not indicate which residents were surveyed d. all of the above 7. The statement 60% of Students Find Math Difficult might be misleading because it does not a. say what grade the students were in b. say what level of math they were studying c. say the number of students that were sampled d. mention how many thought other subjects were difficult 6

17 72. The following graph may be misleading because the a. vertical scale has a small range of values b. type of coin is not specified c. number of tosses is not specified d. title is misleading 73. The following graph shows the theatre attendance for three different movies on a particular night. Which of the following conclusions can be reached from the graph? a. far more people saw movie C than the others b. movie C was the most popular movie in the theatre c. slightly more people saw movie C than movies A or B d. more people saw movie C than movies A and B combined 7

18 74. Based on the following graph, which statement is not correct? a. the tuition increased by $50 in 2002 b. the tuition has increased steadily since 995 c. the tuition in 2002 was more than 5 times that of 995 d. the greatest increase in tuition occurred in Based on the following graph, which of the statements is false? a. the life expectancy of men is increasing b. the rate at which the life expectancy is increasing is getting smaller c. the life expectancy has increased by over 5 years since 93 d. the height of each bar is proportional to the life expectancy 76. A researcher records the marital status and income of a sample of 43 female executives. The number of different variables recorded is: a. 43 b. three marital status, income, and number of female executives c. two marital status and income d

19 77. A sociologist at a Canadian university wants to study the attitudes of female university students towards careers. He interviews 00 of the female students enrolled in a first-year sociology course at his university. What is the sample in this situation? a. Canadian female university students b. the 00 female students interviewed c. the female students taking this course d. all Canadian women taking first-year sociology 78. A sociologist at a Canadian university wants to study the attitudes of female university students in Canada towards careers. He interviews 00 of the female students enrolled in a first-year sociology course at his university. What is the population in this situation? a. Canadian female university students b. the 00 female students interviewed c. the female students taking this course d. all women in Canada taking first-year sociology 79. Data collection is often carried out on samples because a. an appropriate sample can be used to make inferences about the population b. the population is often not available c. neither a nor b d. both a and b 80. When can the value of a quantitative variable be expressed as a number? a. never c. only if the variable is discrete b. only if the variable is continuous d. always 8. The size of a building can be measured many ways. Here are four examples: the floor area in square metres, the number of stories, the height of the building, the number of rooms. What is true about these variables? a. some are qualitative and some are quantitative b. all are quantitative and continuous c. all are qualitative and some are continuous and some are discrete d. all are quantitative and some are continuous and some are discrete 82. Each of the following variables affects the size of a book. Which variable can be continuous? a. number of pages c. number of words b. vertical space between lines d. type of binding used 83. An agricultural researcher wishes to study how the price of a new type of crop being grown in 0 counties across the country will vary with the weather. What type of study will be the most appropriate? a. cross-sectional study that uses a sample of the counties where the crop is grown b. cross-sectional study that takes a census of the counties where the crop is grown c. longitudinal study that uses a sample of the counties where the crop is grown d. longitudinal study that takes a census of the counties where the crop is grown 84. In which scenario is it better to take a sample rather than a census? a. testing light bulbs being manufactured in a plant to see how long they last b. determining the termite population in a city c. both a and b d. neither a nor b 9

20 85. A hospital study of 250 patients who underwent heart bypass surgery recorded the following for each patient: age, gender, blood pressure, and number of heart attacks previously suffered. How many variables were recorded altogether? a. 250 c. 254 b. 000 d A study of 250 patients who underwent heart bypass surgery at a hospital recorded the following for each patient: age, gender, blood pressure, and number of heart attacks previously suffered. The number of variables measured that must be discrete is: a. 0 c. 2 b. d Which of the following variables about a meal is qualitative? a. calories c. food groups represented b. number of vegetable servings d. preparation time 88. A hospital administrator wants to know the length of wait in emergency rooms. The administrator also wants to know whether age and seriousness of complaint affect the waiting time. For each patient treated in a 24-h period, the emergency room staff records wait time in hours and if the patient is under age 8, 8 64 years old, or age 65 or older. The staff also records if the patient was admitted to hospital. Which is true about this study? a. longitudinal study with one quantitative variable and two qualitative variables recorded b. longitudinal study with two quantitative variables and one qualitative variable recorded c. cross-sectional study with one quantitative variable and two qualitative variables recorded d. cross-sectional study with two quantitative variables and one qualitative variable recorded 89. For the following thesis question, which type of study is the most appropriate? Do the grades of student athletes across Canada change over the course of the school year? a. cross-sectional sample c. longitudinal sample b. cross-sectional census d. longitudinal census 90. A survey of the driving habits for commuters asks the following questions: How many people travel to work or school each day in your primary vehicle? What distance do you commute to work or school? How many vehicles do you own? What did you pay in repairs last year? What is true about the variables measured? a. some are quantitative and some are qualitative b. all are continuous c. some are discrete and some are continuous d. all are qualitative 20

21 9. A family wins two tickets to a concert. There are four people in the family: two parents and two children. In order to decide who will attend the concert, the parents flip a coin to select which parent will attend. Then the children flip a coin to select which child will attend. This selection method is an example of: a. a simple random sample of size two c. multi-stage random sampling b. stratified random sampling d. systematic random sampling 92. The administration of a secondary school wants to collect student opinions on a proposed new timetable. They decide to interview a simple random sample of 50 students in grade 9, a simple random sample of 50 students in grade 0, a simple random sample of 50 students in grade, and a simple random sample of 50 students in grade 2. This is an example of: a. systematic random sampling c. multi-stage random sampling b. stratified random sampling d. cluster random sampling 93. A medical researcher wants to compare blood pressure readings between men and women in Toronto. She sets up a station in a drug store and invites customers to have their blood pressure taken. She collects readings from 75 women and 47 men in one day. This is an example of: a. a simple random sample since the researcher did not know beforehand who would participate b. a stratified random sample of men and women c. a stratified random sample of people with high and low blood pressure d. none of the above 94. An airline wants to determine customer satisfaction with security measures being taken on its flights. The airline randomly chooses 5 of its flights leaving from a randomly chosen airport. It asks all passengers on these flights to complete a survey. This selection method is: a. cluster random sampling b. multi-stage random sampling c. a combination of cluster and multi-stage random sampling d. neither cluster nor multi-stage random sampling 95. A city is interested in collecting opinions about its transit service from both users and non-users. It hires a pollster who divides the city into blocks. The pollster then conducts a survey of the person answering at the second house to the west of the northeast corner of each block. If the house is divided into apartments, the first apartment on the ground floor is surveyed. The selected location of the house or apartment on each block is randomly chosen. The sampling method used is: a. simple random sample c. stratified random sample b. systematic random sample d. cluster random sample 96. Which of the following factors is not a consideration in determining the number of people to be interviewed in a opinion survey? a. whether the sampling method is simple random sampling or stratified sampling b. how much variability exists in the opinions of the population c. the number and variability of topics of the questions to be asked d. the hope that the results are accurate to within 3% of the population values 97. In order to determine the percentage of firecrackers that are duds, the manufacturer fires off every 000th firecracker produced. This is an example of: a. destructive sampling c. stratified sampling b. simple random sampling d. destructive stratified sampling 2

22 98. A survey was conducted of 000 first-year university students across Canada. From all universities in Canada, 0 were randomly selected. Then at each of the selected universities, a random sample of 00 first-year students were chosen to participate. This is an example of: a. multi-stage random sampling c. stratified random sampling b. cluster random sampling d. systematic random sampling 99. A large university has 30 student residences. Each residence has 6 floors. In order to collect information about students living in residence, the university selects 0 floors from the 80. Then it interviews everyone on those floors. This is an example of: a. multi-stage random sampling c. cluster random sampling b. stratified random sampling d. systematic random sampling 00. In a secondary school, there are 5 classes of grade 9 academic mathematics. The classes are labelled A, B, C, D, and E. Each class has 30 students. In each class, the students are numbered from to 30. The label A06 indicates the sixth student in class A. A random sample of 0 students enrolled in grade 9 academic mathematics at this school results in the following students being selected: A05, A20, B05, B20, C05, C20, D05, D20, E05, E20 Which sampling method could not have been used? a. simple random sampling c. cluster sampling b. stratified sampling d. systematic random sampling 0. In a secondary school, there are 5 classes of grade 9 academic mathematics. The classes are labelled A, B, C, D, and E. Each class has 30 students. In each class, the students are numbered from to 30. The label A06 indicates the sixth student in class A. A random sample of 0 students enrolled in grade 9 academic mathematics at this school results in the following students being selected: A09, B3, B5, B24, D, D2, E02, E3, E8 Which sampling method might have been used? a. cluster random sampling c. stratified random sampling b. systematic random sampling d. none of the above 02. In a secondary school, there are 5 classes of grade 9 academic mathematics. The classes are labelled A, B, C, D, and E. Each class has 30 students. In each class, the students are numbered from to 30. The label A06 indicates the sixth student in class A. A random sample of 0 students enrolled in grade 9 academic mathematics at this school results in the following students being selected: A0, A03, A09, A2, A9, A2, A23, A24, A29, A30 Which sampling method might have been used? a. simple random sampling b. multi-stage random sampling c. either simple or multi-stage random sampling d. neither simple nor multi-stage random sampling 22

23 03. In a secondary school, there are 5 classes of grade 9 academic mathematics. The classes are labelled A, B, C, D, and E. Each class has 30 students. In each class, the students are numbered from to 30. The label A06 indicates the sixth student in class A. What sampling method will ensure that, in a sample of 0 students, there is at least one student from each class? a. simple random sampling b. systematic random sampling of every 5th student where students are ordered by number within the class c. cluster random sampling d. none of the above An elementary school teacher is interested in assessing how students performance varies with the month of the year in which they were born. In a sample of 500 grade 4 students, the birth months were distributed as follows. Birth Month Number of Students January 3 February 24 March 40 April 45 May 50 June 44 July 35 August 43 September 53 October 4 November 49 December In a sample of 25 students, she has 5 born in January, 3 born in February, 4 born in March, 4 born in October, 5 born in November, and 6 born in December. What sampling method must not have been used? a. simple random sampling c. multi-stage random sampling b. cluster random sampling d. stratified random sampling 05. Which sampling method will ensure that the teacher has students born in each month in the sample? a. simple random sampling b. cluster random sampling c. systematic sampling where every 25th child is selected after the children are ordered by birthdate d. stratified random sampling 23

24 06. Which of the following behaviours by the person conducting a survey will not result in biased results? a. The surveyor rewords questions for respondents who left questions blank in case they did not understand the question. b. The surveyor leaves the response to some questions blank if the respondent does not seem to understand the question. c. The surveyor fills in unanswered questions based on the responses to other questions. d. The interviewer suggests possible answers to open-ended questions. 07. Which of the following scenarios will not result in sampling bias? a. The regular meeting time of a new group is determined by people who come to a Monday afternoon meeting. b. American food preferences are determined by a random sample of California residents. c. Gas price fluctuations in a city are followed by taking a random sample of gas stations in the city each Friday for a year. d. none of the above 08. Identify the type of bias that may be present in a telephone survey of a simple random sample of a city s residents to determine their opinions on city services. a. household bias c. neither a nor b b. non-response bias d. both a and b 09. A famous poll was conducted by the magazine Literary Digest in 936. In this poll, the presidential election results were estimated from the responses of 2.3 million Americans. These people responded to a questionnaire mailed to 0 million individuals who owned cars or telephones or subscribed to magazines. They tended to be wealthier than the American population as a whole. How might the results be biased? a. over-estimate of the number of people voting Republican since higher-income Americans tend to vote Republican b. under-estimate of the number of people voting Republican since higher-income Americans tend to vote Republican c. biased but will not affect the result because so many people responded d. the results are not biased 0. A grocery store wants to survey a large proportion of its customers. It leaves questionnaires in shopping bags and asks people to return them to the store. In order to encourage a large response rate, respondents will be entered into a draw for free groceries. What type of bias might exist by sampling shoppers this way? a. not biased c. non-response bias b. sampling bias d. response bias. In a study of women's feelings about relationships, questionnaires were sent to 0 million American women. More than 2.3 million women responded. Of the married respondents, 65% had extra-marital relationships. Which of the following best describes this estimate? a. not biased b. over-estimates the true percentage because of non-response bias c. under-estimates the true percentage because of household bias d. biased but will neither under-nor over-estimate the result because so many people responded 24

25 2. A police officer hides behind an overpass on an open stretch of highway and records the speeds of passing cars. So that he can record speeds for all cars, he picks a time when the highway is not busy. Which of the following will most likely describe the resulting estimate of the percentage of drivers who speed? a. biased to give an estimate greater than the true percentage of speeders b. biased to give an estimate smaller than the true percentage of speeders c. unbiased d. biased but not likely to either over or under-estimate the true percentage of speeders 3. An airline conducts customer satisfaction surveys by having its passengers complete questionnaires on its flights. In order to ensure that passengers have adequate time to complete the questionnaire, it is only given out on overseas flights. What type of bias might result? a. sampling bias c. both a and b b. non-response bias d. it is not biased 4. Which of the following scenarios is an example of response bias? a. 00 surveys are given to voters; 20 are returned completed. b. A member of parliament calls a sample of 00 of her constituents, introduces herself, and asks how they will vote in the upcoming election. c. 00 voters who live in two high-rise apartment buildings in a riding are asked how they intend to vote. d. Every 200th person on a voter's list for a riding is telephoned to find out how they will vote. 5. A magazine conducts an annual survey of its subscribers. One year it takes a random sample of 00 of its subscribers and contacts them by telephone. If there is no answer, the subscriber is called back until a response is obtained. The next year it puts a survey in all copies of the magazine. The survey is mailed to subscribers and 200 are completed and returned. Which of the following best describes the bias that results from these two sampling methods? a. the first is more biased since fewer people are surveyed b. the first is less biased since it is based on a random sample c. both methods suffer from bias d. neither method will lead to biased results 6. In order to determine the average cost of a minor operation in Ontario, the Ministry of Health samples Ontario hospitals. In order to save costs, only hospitals in the Greater Toronto Area are surveyed. What best describes the likely results of this survey? a. not biased since most operations are performed in the Toronto area b. affected by response bias c. affected by sampling bias d. affected by non-response bias 7. A parents organization that tries to stop drunk driving wants to find out teenagers attitudes towards drinking and driving. Parents from the organization visit each secondary school in a city at the time classes end for the day. They interview the first 30 students leaving the building. What best describes the likely results of this survey? a. will suffer from response bias b. will suffer from sampling bias c. both a and b d. not biased since students are interviewed from every school in the city 25

26 8. The vice-president of a school s student council wishes to survey a sample of students for their opinion about school dances. Which of the following methods will result in sampling bias? a. Thirty of the vice-president s friends and acquaintances, from across all grade levels, are interviewed. b. Thirty students, chosen randomly from all students who have the same lunch period as the vice-president are interviewed. c. neither a nor b d. both a and b 9. Which of the following is most true about telephone surveys? a. always biased b. never biased c. not biased if participants are called at various times throughout the day d. only biased if the telephone numbers called are not randomly selected 20. Which of the following is most true about mail-in surveys? a. sometimes biased b. never biased c. always biased d. not biased if a large sample is received that is a cross-section of the population 2. Determine the number of arrangements for the word BOXCAR. a. 2 c b. 720 d. none of the above 22. Determine the number of arrangements for the word CANADA. a. 720 c. 240 b. 2 d Determine the number of three letter arrangements using the letters of the word METAPHOR. a. 336 c. 52 b d Determine the number of ways that a prime minister, secretary, treasurer, and publicity minister could be chosen from an art club of 2 members. a. 495 c. 880 b. 48 d Determine the number of ways you could line up 3 orange marbles, 5 blue marbles, and purple marble. a. 504 c b d A bag contains 3 red blocks, 2 green blocks, and 4 blue blocks. Determine how many ways that all of them can be drawn, one at a time, without replacement. a c. 260 b d. none of the above 26

27 27. Determine the number of ways the 8 members of the Junior Jazz Band can stand in a line if Val must be first, Tim sixth, and Tricia last. a. 56 c b d. none of the above 28. Determine the number of ways that the 2 members of the boys' baseball team can be lined up if Joe, Tanner, and Josh must all be together. a. 220 c b d A person buys a ticket for a draw which has tickets made up of four digits from 0 to 9, and one winning ticket is drawn. Assuming that all the tickets have been sold, determine the probability of the person winning the draw. a. c b. d Express in a different manner. a. P(5, 3) c. b. 5! 2!3! 5! 2! d. P(5, 2) 3. The 7 members of a chess club line up for a picture. Determine the probability that Mckenzie and Johann will be beside each other. a. c b. d A captain and co-captain for a fencing team are chosen from a hat with the names of all members in the hat. Determine the probability that Lauren and Isabel are chosen as captain and co-captain respectively. a. c b. d The letters of the word SIMILE are scrambled. Determine the probability that the word is spelled exactly backwards. a. c b. d. none of the above

28 34. The letters of the word CHEMISTRY are put in a hat and three letters are drawn, one at a time, without replacement. Determine the probability that the C and R are chosen. a. c b. 4 d The face cards of a deck are shuffled and two cards are drawn, one at a time, without replacement. Determine the probability that both cards are diamonds. a. c b. 66 d. none of the above Short Answer 36. Tung studies the types of vehicles driving by his house and records the results in a table. Type Frequency Car 2 Minivan 0 Sport Utility 6 Pickup 6 Truck / Van 4 Other 2 Tung wants to create a circle graph to represent the data. Determine the measure of the sector angle for the Pickup category. 37. Tom measured the heights, in centimetres, of 30 corn plants and created the following stem-and-leaf plot. Stem Leaf Determine the median of the heights. 28

29 38. Students at a high school were asked how they travel to school each day. The results are summarized in the following circle graph. If 208 students take the bus, determine the number of students who walk to school. 39. The following circle graph represents data from 500 people. The sector angle for category A is 54. Determine the frequency of category A. 40. State the value of P(5, 3). 4. Express using factorials. 42. Evaluate 00! 96!3!2!. 43. State the number of words that can be formed by rearranging the letters of the word PROBABILITY. 44. State the number of ways that a committee of a president, treasurer, and secretary can be selected from a students' council with 5 members. 45. State the number of ways that the 9 members of the debating club can be lined up for a picture if Frasier must be on the far left and Samantha and Charlotte must be together. 46. Solve for n if n! (n )! = Four identical chocolate bars, three identical bags of chips, and 6 identical popsicles are lined up on a prize table. Determine the number of ways that this could be done. 29

30 Sample Mastery Questions Test Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE. ANS: C 2. ANS: D 3. ANS: C 4. ANS: A 5. ANS: C 6. ANS: D 7. ANS: B 8. ANS: B 9. ANS: D 0. ANS: B. ANS: C 2. ANS: D 3. ANS: A 4. ANS: B 5. ANS: A 6. ANS: D 7. ANS: D 8. ANS: C 9. ANS: D 20. ANS: C 2. ANS: A 22. ANS: A 23. ANS: D 24. ANS: B 25. ANS: D 26. ANS: C 27. ANS: C 28. ANS: B 29. ANS: A 30. ANS: D 3. ANS: C 32. ANS: B 33. ANS: C 34. ANS: D 35. ANS: B 36. ANS: D 37. ANS: A 38. ANS: A

31 39. ANS: C 40. ANS: D 4. ANS: D 42. ANS: B 43. ANS: A 44. ANS: D 45. ANS: B 46. ANS: D 47. ANS: A 48. ANS: D 49. ANS: C 50. ANS: D 5. ANS: C 52. ANS: A 53. ANS: B 54. ANS: D 55. ANS: C 56. ANS: C 57. ANS: D 58. ANS: B 59. ANS: D 60. ANS: D 6. ANS: B 62. ANS: D 63. ANS: C 64. ANS: C 65. ANS: C 66. ANS: C 67. ANS: A 68. ANS: C 69. ANS: D 70. ANS: D 7. ANS: C 72. ANS: C 73. ANS: C 74. ANS: C 75. ANS: D 76. ANS: C 77. ANS: B 78. ANS: A 79. ANS: D 80. ANS: D 8. ANS: D 82. ANS: B 2

32 83. ANS: D 84. ANS: C 85. ANS: B 86. ANS: B 87. ANS: C 88. ANS: C 89. ANS: C 90. ANS: C 9. ANS: B 92. ANS: B 93. ANS: D 94. ANS: C 95. ANS: B 96. ANS: C 97. ANS: D 98. ANS: A 99. ANS: C 00. ANS: C 0. ANS: D 02. ANS: C 03. ANS: B 04. ANS: B 05. ANS: D 06. ANS: B 07. ANS: D 08. ANS: D 09. ANS: A 0. ANS: C. ANS: B 2. ANS: A 3. ANS: C 4. ANS: B 5. ANS: B 6. ANS: C 7. ANS: C 8. ANS: D 9. ANS: A 20. ANS: C 2. ANS: B 22. ANS: D 23. ANS: A 24. ANS: C 25. ANS: A 26. ANS: C 3

33 27. ANS: D 28. ANS: C 29. ANS: C 30. ANS: C 3. ANS: B 32. ANS: A 33. ANS: B 34. ANS: D 35. ANS: D SHORT ANSWER 36. ANS: Frequency for the Pickup category is 6. The sum of all frequencies is 40. The sector angle for the category is = ANS: Since there are 30 data values, the median will be the average of the 5th and 6th data values Median = = = 74 Therefore, the median height is 74 cm. 38. ANS: Let x represent the number of students who walk to school. x 208 = x = 384 Therefore, 384 students walk to school. 39. ANS: Percentage in category A = 54 00% = 5% 360 Frequency of category A = = 225 The frequency of category A is 225 people. 40. ANS: The value of P(5, 3) is ANS: Using factorials, is 40! 37!. 4

34 42. ANS: 00! When is evaluated, it equals !3!2! 43. ANS: The number of words that can be formed is ANS: The number of ways that a committee of a president, treasurer, and secretary can be chosen is ANS: The number of ways is ANS: n = ANS: The number of ways that this could be done is