Housekeeping. Socialization! (Ch 4) 2/14/2013. Chapter 3: Culture. So how do we learn the values and norms of our culture?

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1 Housekeeping Test answers will be posted on web tomorrow Non-printable PDFs Will be returned starting next week, in recitation challenging but good 10% but increasingly important, can see value staying up with material Come see me in fice hours with questions/concerns! Tues 2-4, KTCH 310 Chapter 3: Culture Culture Material/non-Material Intertwined Subcultures Geography/history shape culture Universals Gene/environment Culture shock Ethnocentrism/relativism Culture: way life, shared language, knowledge, material objects, values, behavior So how do we learn the values and norms our culture? Material Non material (ex: values) Values: Achievement Efficiency Individualism Equality Values Norms Socialization! (Ch 4) Process whereby people learn attitudes, values, and behaviors appropriate for a culture We internalize what we need to know. (p71) Our culture begins to feel natural For most us, the yoke society seems easy to bear because most the time we ourselves desire just that which society expects us. We want to obey the rules. We want the parts that society has assigned to us. (Berger, 1963) 1

2 We want to obey the rules. We want the parts that society has assigned to us. Learn through interaction Consider cases social isolation presented in your textbook: feral children (p. 73) Social scientists acknowledge significance interaction between heredity (nature) and environment (nurture) But most tend to emphasize nurture! Field study that emphasizes biological basis social behavior? research. 2

3 Physiological capacity vast and varied Manifestations shaped by social world Sociological approaches to the self Self: distinct identity that sets us apart from others Not static Develops and changes throughout our lives as we make sense life experiences (p76) Looking glass self Each to each a looking glass, Reflects the other that doth pass. (Cooley, 1961) 3

4 s interpretation We imagine how others see us relatives, friends, even strangers on the street We imagine how they evaluate what we think they see as intelligent, attractive, shy, or a misfit We define our self as a result these impressions ongoing dance not static shaped by our unique combinations social interactions They think I m smart. I m smart. They think I m not so good at school. I m not so good at school. They think I m hot. I m hot. They think I don t fit in. I don t fit in. They think I m shy. I m shy. They think I m hysterical. I m hysterical. s interpretation Why important? We imagine how others see us relatives, friends, even strangers on the street We imagine how they evaluate what we think they see as intelligent, attractive, shy, or a misfit We define our self as a result these impressions 4

5 Describe a possible Applied Sociology Project on Prevention Bullying? Applied sociology: specific intent yielding practical application (p19) From week one Academic sociology: basic research into social processes to yield improved understanding Applied sociology: specific intent yielding practical application (p19) s act upon evaluation Clinical sociology: specific intent altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions (p20) Direct responsibility for implementation Gfman: Presentation Self Dramaturgical Approach Studies interaction as if we re all actors on a stage Impression Management Altering presentation self to create appearances and satisfy particular audiences Face work: protect face, prevent loss face, regain face Forms face work Prevent loss face: I m no expert but. I know this sounds crazy, but. Regain face: It was an accident. He started it. Everybody does it. I was sick. Face work? s interpretation predictability in the continual process developing our self 5

6 Mead: Stages Self Me Socialized self, plans actions, judges performances I Acting self exists in relation to Me Feedback loop Me plans, I acts, Me evaluates Me? I? Mead: Stages Self Me Socialized self, plans actions, judges performances I Acting self exists in relation to Me Feedback loop Me plans, I acts, Me evaluates Significant other Individual especially important in development self: Parent? Friend? Teacher? Over time, come to realize these individuals represents aspects social structure Preparatory stage (< 3yrs) Imitate people around, esp family Symbol Gesture, object, or word that forms basis human cmu Play stage (3 5 yrs) Pretend to be others Role taking mentally assuming another s perspecive and responding from that imagined viewpoint Game Stage (ages 6 9) Grasp own, others, social positions Generalized others when take into account attitudes, viewpoints, expections society as a whole 6

7 Psychological Approaches to the Self Mead s summary stages social development represents a, a set statements that seeks ot explain problems, actions, or behavior. Piaget: emphasized social interactions in development self Cognitive theory development Children s thought progresses through 4 stages: Sensorimotor: use senses Preoperational: use words/symbols to distinguish objects Concrete operational: logical thinking Formal operational: abstract thought Psychological Approaches to the Self Piaget: emphasized social interactions in development self Cognitive theory development Children s thought progresses through 4 stages: Sensorimotor: use senses Preoperational: use words/symbols to distinguish objects Concrete operational: logical thinking Formal operational: abstract thought Mead Preparatory Stage imitate Play Stage Role taking Game Stage Multitask, social positions Piaget Sensorimotor senses Preoperational Words, symbols Concrete operational Logical thinking Formal operational Abstract thought 1. LGS, including ongoing face work 2. Stages development 7

8 Who is on the other side that mirror? Responding to our stages development? Transmitting culture? Agents Socialization Primary groups: family, peers, schools, government, media Who is on the other side that mirror? Responding to or stages development? Transmitting culture? Agents Socialization Primary groups: family, peers, schools, government, media Together create a reflection our society and culture within each us as individuals 8

9 Peer Socialization and the Looking Glass Self Peer Socialization and the Looking Glass Self s interpretation s interpretation Peer Socialization and the Looking Glass Self s interpretation 9