CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction To Ethics
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1 Announcements (on board) Complete Values and Behavior Survey, HO Pack when done with quiz Will start next week, ASCE Ethics Info & Answer? s- See HO 123 E to 123 P Find the answers to the following questions. How does ASCE Define Ethics Why Does ASCE Believe Engineers sometimes do the wrong thing? What are the elements of the Traditional Civil Engineering Method of Inquiry, and Be Prepared to compare and contrast the Traditional Civil Engineering Method of Inquiry against the Josephson GKC Model Quiz 3-5 Questions-10 minutes max. Quiz 2 Results: 4-10, 8.0; Historic 4-10, 8.1 Hyatt Regency Continuation Introduction to Michael Josephson, and the GKC Model
2 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Story About Gillum s Design Calculations-Hearing Was There a Whistle Blower in the Hyatt Case?
3 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Story About Gillum s Design Calculations-Hearing Was There a Whistle Blower in the Hyatt Case? What did this Whistle Blower know?
4 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Story About Gillum s Design Calculations-Hearing Was There a Whistle Blower in the Hyatt Case? What did this Whistle Blower know? The Whistle Blower knew about the shop drawing that changed design from single to double rods.
5 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Story About Gillum s Design Calculations-Hearing Was There a Whistle Blower in the Hyatt Case? What did this Whistle Blower know? The Whistle Blower knew about the shop drawing that changed design from single to double rods. When did this person blow the whistle?
6 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Story About Gillum s Design Calculations-Hearing Was There a Whistle Blower in the Hyatt Case? What did this Whistle Blower know? The Whistle Blower knew about the shop drawing that changed design from single to double rods. When did this person blow the whistle? After the sky walks had failed and 113 people were killed.
7 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Story About Gillum and his employee What can we surmise about the Whistle Blower s status?
8 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Story About Gillum and his employee What can we surmise about the Whistle Blower s status? Involved with the Project?
9 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Story About Gillum and his employee What can we surmise about the Whistle Blower s status? Involved with the Project? Probably.
10 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Story About Gillum and his employee What can we surmise about the Whistle Blower s status? Involved with the Project? Probably. With Technical Background/Training?
11 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Story About Gillum and his employee What can we surmise about the Whistle Blower s status? Involved with the Project? Probably. With Technical Background/Training? Probably.
12 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Story About Gillum and his employee What can we surmise about the Whistle Blower s status? Involved with the Project? Probably. With Technical Background/Training? Probably. With some direct link to the skywalk supports?
13 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Story About Gillum and his employee What can we surmise about the Whistle Blower s status? Involved with the Project? Probably. With Technical Background/Training? Probably. With some direct link to the skywalk supports? Probably.
14 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Story About Gillum and his employee What can we surmise about the Whistle Blower s status? Involved with the Project? Probably. With Technical Background/Training? Probably. With some direct link to the skywalk supports? Probably. The Whistle Blower s Identity Remains Unknown
15 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Story KC Star s Knowledge about Informant Is the Informant an Engineer?
16 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Story KC Star s Knowledge about Informant Is the Informant an Engineer? KC Star Don t Know
17 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Story KC Star s Knowledge about Informant Is the Informant an Engineer? KC Star Don t Know Would it make any difference?
18 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Story KC Star s Knowledge about Informant Is the Informant an Engineer? KC Star Don t Know Would it make any difference? Yes it would because The ethical standards for an engineer are higher than for a lay person. Lay Person May not have a duty to come forward prior to failure, per De George type analysis Engineer s duty to protect the public mandates earlier action, regardless of the De George Analysis See Section 2:The Engineer shall protect the public H, S, & W
19 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Story KC Star s Knowledge about Informant Would it make any difference? Yes it would because See Section 2:The Engineer shall protect the public H,S, & W Section 10: If an engineer knows or reason to believe that any person is in violation of Chapter 322 or any regulation, he shall present that information to the Board in writing and shall cooperate with the Board in furnishing information.
20 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Story KC Star s Knowledge about Informant Would it make any difference? Yes it would because See Section 2:The Engineer shall protect the public H,S, & W Secion 10: If an engineer knows or reason to believe that any person is in violation of Chapter 322 or any regulation, he shall present that information to the Board in writing and shall cooperate with the Board in furnishing information. For an Engineer, These Duties supersede any De George Analysis
21 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP What If The Informant Is NOT an Engineer? Use the De George Analysis Did the informant believe the skywalks posed a safety risk to Public?
22 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP What If The Informant Is NOT an Engineer? Use the De George Analysis Did the informant believe the skywalks posed a safety risk to Public? Yes! Did the person express his/her concerns to his boss?
23 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP What If The Informant Is NOT an Engineer? Use the De George Analysis Did the informant believe the skywalks posed a safety risk to Public? Yes! Did the person express his/her concerns to his boss? We do not know because we do not know who it is
24 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP What If The Informant Is NOT an Engineer? Use the De George Analysis Did the informant believe the skywalks posed a safety risk to Public? Yes! Did the person express his/her concerns to his boss? We do not know because we do not know who it is Did the person exhaust internal channels?
25 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP What If The Informant Is NOT an Engineer and unknown identity? Use the De George Analysis Did the informant believe the skywalks posed a safety risk to Public? Yes! Did the person express his/her concerns to his boss? We do not know because we do not know who it is Did the person exhaust internal channels? We do not know because we do not know who it is.
26 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP What If The Informant Is NOT an Engineer and unknown identity? Use the De George Analysis There is not enough information to know about moral authority for an unknown non-engineer informant.
27 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP What If The Informant Is NOT an Engineer, but is the Gillum Employee? Use the De George Analysis Did the informant believe the skywalks posed a safety risk to Public? Yes! Did the person express his/her concerns to his boss? Yes. Did the person exhaust internal channels? Yes, because Gillum is the top of that company.
28 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP What If The Informant Is NOT an Engineer, but is the Gillum Employee?Use the DeGeorge Analysis Tier 1: Gillum s employee had moral authority to blow the whistle. Tier 2: Did the person have objective documentation sufficient to convince a third party?
29 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP What If The Informant Is NOT an Engineer, but is the Gillum Employee?Use the DeGeorge Analysis Tier 1: Gillum s employee had moral authority to blow the whistle. Tier 2: Did the person have objective documentation sufficient to convince a third party? Yes!
30 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP What If The Informant Is NOT an Engineer, but is the Gillum Employee?Use the DeGeorge Analysis Tier 1: Gillum s employee had moral authority to blow the whistle. Tier 2: Did the person have objective documentation sufficient to convince a third party? Yes! Would a whistle blowing prevent the deaths?
31 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP What If The Informant Is NOT an Engineer, but is the Gillum Employee?Use the DeGeorge Analysis Tier 1: Gillum s employee had moral authority to blow the whistle. Tier 2: Did the person have objective documentation sufficient to convince a third party? Yes! Would a whistle blowing prevent the deaths? Probably
32 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP What If The Informant Is NOT an Engineer, but is the Gillum Employee?Use the DeGeorge Analysis Tier 1: Gillum s employee had moral authority to blow the whistle. Tier 2: Gillum s employee had a moral duty to blow the whistle, BEFORE THE FAILURE OCCURRED!!!!!
33 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP What If The Informant Is NOT an Engineer, but is the Gillum Employee?Use the DeGeorge Analysis Tier 1: Gillum s employee had moral authority to blow the whistle. Tier 2: Gillum s employee had a moral duty to blow the whistle. Clearly, this person had a moral duty to act before failure
34 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Why did the Hyatt failure occur? Technical Explanation?
35 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Why did the Hyatt failure occur? Technical Explanation? The Double Rod connection could not support the dead weight of the structure due to shear loads.
36 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Why did the Hyatt failure occur? Technical Explanation? The Double Rod connection could not support the dead weight of the structure due to shear loads. Any other explanations for why it failed?
37 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Why did the Hyatt failure occur? Technical Explanation? The Double Rod connection could not support the dead weight of the structure due to shear loads. Any other explanations for why it failed? Would it have failed if Gillum and Duncan had analyzed the connection?
38 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Why did the Hyatt failure occur? Technical Explanation? The Double Rod connection could not support the dead weight of the structure due to shear loads. Any other explanations for why it failed? Would it have failed if Gillum and Duncan had analyzed the connection? NO
39 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Why did the Hyatt failure occur? Technical Explanation? The Double Rod connection could not support the dead weight of the structure due to shear loads. Any other explanations for why it failed? Would it have failed if Gillum and Duncan had analyzed the connection? NO Would it have failed if potential whistle blowers had spoken up sooner?
40 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Why did the Hyatt failure occur? Technical Explanation? The Double Rod connection could not support the dead weight of the structure due to shear loads. Any other explanations for why it failed? Would it have failed if Gillum and Duncan had analyzed the connection? NO Would it have failed if potential whistle blowers had spoken up sooner? NO
41 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Would the Technical Explanation satisfy you if you lost your parents in the collapse? Why?
42 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Would the Technical Explanation satisfy you if you lost your parents in the collapse? Why? The Technical Explanation Does Not Say Who Caused This Failure to Occur.
43 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Would the Technical Explanation satisfy you if you lost your parents in the collapse? Why? The Technical Explanation Does Not Say Who Caused This Failure to Occur. Do You Believe that Structural Engineers in Good Standing know how to design the walkways like the Hyatt s to prevent failure? Why?
44 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Would the Technical Explanation satisfy you if you lost your parents in the collapse? Why? The Technical Explanation Does Not Say Who Caused This Failure to Occur. Do You Believe that Structural Engineers in Good Standing know how to design the walkways like the Hyatt s to prevent failure? Why? Yes, because the walkways are not complex structures and do not require sophisticated analyses.
45 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Do You Believe that Gillum and Duncan knew how to design the walkways to prevent failure? Why? Yes, because the walkways are not complex structures and do not require sophisticated analyses,
46 HYATT REGENCY FOLLOW UP Do You Believe that Gillum and Duncan knew how to design the walkways to prevent failure? Why? Yes, because the walkways are not complex structures and do not require sophisticated analyses, and Gillum and Duncan Had: received the training, passed the PE exam to obtain licenses, had designed similar work in the past
47 ETHICS - REQUIRED COMPONENT OF SEMINAR Few of us like to talk about Ethics No one likes to be Should Upon Common Reply Why do you need to talk to me about Ethics? Have I done something wrong? My approach to Ethics mandate for first 10+ years My approach since meeting Michael Josephson
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49 HOW DOES MICHAEL JOSEPHSON DEFINE ETHICS? Josephson provides 4 elements in his definition:
50 HOW DOES MICHAEL JOSEPHSON DEFINE ETHICS? Josephson provides 4 elements in his definition: 1. STANDARDS of Conduct
51 HOW DOES MICHAEL JOSEPHSON DEFINE ETHICS? Josephson provides 4 elements in his definition: 1. STANDARDS of Conduct 2. Which indicate how one SHOULD BEHAVE
52 HOW DOES MICHAEL JOSEPHSON DEFINE ETHICS? Josephson provides 4 elements in his definition: 1. STANDARDS of Conduct 2. Which indicate how one SHOULD BEHAVE 3. Based on MORAL DUTIES and VIRTUES
53 HOW DOES MICHAEL JOSEPHSON DEFINE ETHICS? Josephson provides 4 elements in his definition: 1. STANDARDS of Conduct 2. Which indicate how one SHOULD BEHAVE 3. Based on MORAL DUTIESand VIRTUES 4. Arising from PRINCIPLES about RIGHT and WRONG
54 HOW DOES MICHAEL JOSEPHSON DEFINE ETHICS? Josephson provides 4 elements in his definition: 1. STANDARDS of Conduct 2. Which indicate how one SHOULD behave 3. Based on MORAL DUTIESand VIRTUES 4. Arising from PRINCIPLES about RIGHT and WRONG How do we know what the Moral Duties Are?
55 HOW DOES MICHAEL JOSEPHSON DEFINE ETHICS? Josephson provides 4 elements in his definition: 1. STANDARDS of Conduct 2. Which indicate how one SHOULD behave 3. Based on MORAL DUTIESand VIRTUES 4. Arising from PRINCIPLES about RIGHT and WRONG How do we know what the Moral Duties Are? Parents and other family members
56 HOW DOES MICHAEL JOSEPHSON DEFINE ETHICS? Josephson provides 4 elements in his definition: 1. STANDARDS of Conduct 2. Which indicate how one SHOULD behave 3. Based on MORAL DUTIESand VIRTUES 4. Arising from PRINCIPLES about RIGHT and WRONG How do we know what the Moral Duties Are? Parents and other family members Mentors, teachers, and peers
57 HOW DOES MICHAEL JOSEPHSON DEFINE ETHICS? Josephson provides 4 elements in his definition: 1. STANDARDS of Conduct 2. Which indicate how one SHOULD behave 3. Based on MORAL DUTIESand VIRTUES 4. Arising from PRINCIPLES about RIGHT and WRONG How do we know what the Moral Duties Are? Parents and other family members Mentors, teachers, and peers Religious Training
58 WHAT MICHAEL JOSEPHSON SAYS ABOUT VALUES Josephson separates values into two categories:
59 WHAT MICHAEL JOSEPHSON SAYS ABOUT VALUES Josephson separates values into two categories: Non-ethical Values, such as health, wealth, power, money, good grades, being liked
60 WHAT MICHAEL JOSEPHSON SAYS ABOUT VALUES Josephson separates values into two categories: Non-ethical Values, such as health, wealth, power, money, good grades, being liked We all share many of these non-ethical values They are appropriate values in most cases
61 WHAT MICHAEL JOSEPHSON SAYS ABOUT VALUES Josephson separates values into two categories: Non-ethical Values, such as wealth, power, money, good grades, being liked We all share many of these non-ethical values They are appropriate values in most cases They are NOT UNETHICAL values
62 WHAT MICHAEL JOSEPHSON SAYS ABOUT VALUES Josephson separates values into two categories: Non-ethical Values, such as wealth, power, money, good grades, being liked We all share many of these non-ethical values They are appropriate values in most cases They are NOT UNETHICAL values Non-ethical Values are Ethically Neutral
63 WHAT MICHAEL JOSEPHSON SAYS ABOUT VALUES Josephson separates values into two categories: Non-ethical Values, such as wealth, power, money, good grades, being liked We all share many of these non-ethical values They are appropriate values in most cases They are NOT UNETHICAL values Non-ethical Values are Ethically Neutral May pursue with Ethical Methods
64 WHAT MICHAEL JOSEPHSON SAYS ABOUT VALUES Josephson separates values into two categories: Non-ethical Values, such as wealth, power, money, good grades, being liked We all share many of these non-ethical values They are appropriate values in most cases They are NOT UNETHICAL values Non-ethical Values are Ethically Neutral May pursue with Ethical Methods May Pursue with Unethical Methods
65 WHAT MICHAEL JOSEPHSON SAYS ABOUT VALUES Josephson separates values into two categories: Non-ethical Values: Ethically Neutral Values Core Ethical Values:
66 WHAT MICHAEL JOSEPHSON SAYS ABOUT VALUES Josephson separates values into two categories: Non-ethical Values: Ethically Neutral Values Core Ethical Values: Invoke A Sense Of Moral Duty
67 WHAT MICHAEL JOSEPHSON SAYS ABOUT VALUES Josephson separates values into two categories: Non-ethical Values: Ethically Neutral Values Core Ethical Values: Invoke A Sense Of Moral Duty Universal Application To All People
68 WHAT MICHAEL JOSEPHSON SAYS ABOUT VALUES Josephson separates values into two categories: Non-ethical Values: Ethically Neutral Values Core Ethical Values: Invoke A Sense Of Moral Duty Universal Application To All People Relatively Constant Culture to Culture and Over Time
69 WHAT MICHAEL JOSEPHSON SAYS ABOUT VALUES Josephson separates values into two categories: Non-ethical Values: Ethically Neutral Values Core Ethical Values: Invoke A Sense Of Moral Duty Universal Application To All People Relatively Constant Culture to Culture and Over Time Josephson Has Identified them as Six Pillars Of Character
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71 NEARLY EVERY DECISION HAS ETHICAL DIMENSION
72 NEARLY EVERY DECISION HAS ETHICAL DIMENSION Decision Making Where Ethics Are Applied
73 NEARLY EVERY DECISION HAS ETHICAL DIMENSION Decision Making Where Ethics Are Applied How Should A Person Decide What To Do?
74 NEARLY EVERY DECISION HAS ETHICAL DIMENSION Decision Making Where Ethics Are Applied How Should A Person Decide What To Do? What decision must I make?
75 NEARLY EVERY DECISION HAS ETHICAL DIMENSION Decision Making Where Ethics Are Applied How Should A Person Decide What To Do? What decision must I make? Need a clear focus Who are the stakeholders?
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77 NEARLY EVERY DECISION HAS ETHICAL DIMENSION Decision Making Where Ethics Are Applied How Should A Person Decide What To Do? What decision must I make? Need a clear focus Who are the stakeholders? Need to know who you will affect What options do I have?
78 NEARLY EVERY DECISION HAS ETHICAL DIMENSION How Should A Person Decide What To Do? What decision must I make? Need a clear focus Who are the stakeholders? Need to know who you will affect What options do I have? Need To Find At Least Three How do options Impact the Stakeholders?
79 NEARLY EVERY DECISION HAS ETHICAL DIMENSION How Should A Person Decide What To Do? What decision must I make? Need a clear focus Who are the stakeholders? Need to know who you will affect What options do I have? Need To Find At Least Three How do options Impact the Stakeholders? Select Option that yields Maximum Good & Minimum Harm
80 NEARLY EVERY DECISION HAS ETHICAL DIMENSION How Should A Person Implement His Decision?
81 NEARLY EVERY DECISION HAS ETHICAL DIMENSION How Should A Person Implement His Decision? Provide information to adversely affected stakeholders they need to make their decision
82 NEARLY EVERY DECISION HAS ETHICAL DIMENSION How Should A Person Implement His Decision? Provide information to adversely affected stakeholders they need to make their decision Monitor the results
83 NEARLY EVERY DECISION HAS ETHICAL DIMENSION How Should A Person Implement His Decision? Provide information to adversely affected stakeholders they need to make their decision Monitor the results Compare Actual to Anticipated Consequences
84 NEARLY EVERY DECISION HAS ETHICAL DIMENSION How Should A Person Implement His Decision? Provide information to adversely affected stakeholders they need to make their decision Monitor the results Compare Actual to Anticipated Consequences If unintended injustice occurs, may need to modify decision
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86 GKC DECISION MAKING MODEL Used to test the selected option before acting: Derived from three models: Golden Rule Emmanuel Kant s Categorical Imperatives Consequentialism Combines the strengths of each model to overcome the weaknesses of each model
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88 GKC DECISION MAKING MODEL Does the decision reflect a concern for the interests and well being of all stakeholders. It is never appropriate to violate a core ethical value to advance a non-ethical value It is OK to violate a core ethical value only when it is necessary to advance another core ethical value which the decision maker concludes will produce the greatest balance of good over bad outcomes
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90 WHO IS MICHAEL JOSEPHSON? Meet him through a 30 Minute videotaped interview by Bill Moyers: Start no later than 12:20 or 3:20 PM Next Week: The Truesteel Affair
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