CHAPTER 1 RESEARCH QUESTIONS & HYPOTHESES & HYPOTHESES. Copyright 2014 Dr. Rich Schuttler AGENDA. Copyright 2014 Dr.

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1 CHAPTER 1 RESEARCH QUESTIONS & HYPOTHESES & HYPOTHESES Introduction AGENDA 1

2 AGENDA Introduction Research Questions AGENDA Introduction Research Questions Hypotheses 2

3 AGENDA Introduction Research Questions Hypotheses Examples AGENDA Introduction Research Questions Hypotheses Examples Reflective Summary 3

4 Introduction This program Easy How To Introduction This program Easy How To Who am I? 4

5 Introduction This program Easy How To Who am I? Lessons learned Experience Introduction This program Easy How To Who am I? Lessons learned Experience Many paths to same destination 5

6 Introduction This program Easy How To Who am I? Lessons learned Experience Many paths to same destination Different programs / expectations ti Introduction This program Easy How To Who am I? Lessons learned Experience Many paths to same destination Different programs / expectations ti Think like a researcher 6

7 Introduction This program Easy How To Who am I? Lessons learned Experience Many paths to same destination Different programs / expectations ti Think like a researcher Student mind-set Student Mind-Set Personal Curiosity Self - Motivation Specific Succinct Self - Reflecting Purposeful Relevant Work Research Context Willingness Incremental Gains Ownership Cycles of Refinement Optimistic Formal Academic Tone Aligned with APA Format Passion 7

8 The content of this lesson is not designed to teach you research methods and designs but to help you better understand how to present content in chapter 1. Depending on your knowledge as a consumer of research or hands-on research experience, your understanding of what I refer to may differ in comprehension. If you need to do more learning or relearning, this content will then make even more sense after. Research Questions Lead-in this section with a paragraph or two and describe what research questions are and their purpose inform the reader! 8

9 Research Questions Lead-in this section with a paragraph or two and describe what research questions are and their purpose inform the reader! No yes or no answers Research Questions Lead-in this section with a paragraph or two and describe what research questions are and their purpose inform the reader! No yes or no answers Align research questions to research method and design 9

10 Research Questions Lead-in this section with a paragraph or two and describe what research questions are and their purpose inform the reader! No yes or no answers Align research questions to research method and design Terminology / word choices important Research Questions Lead-in this section with a paragraph or two and describe what research questions are and their purpose inform the reader! No yes or no answers Align research questions to research method and design Terminology / word choices important Keep to a manageable number 10

11 Research Questions RQs should relate to specific problem Research Questions RQs should relate to specific problem May come before the conceptual framework 11

12 Research Questions RQs should relate to specific problem May come before the conceptual framework RQs may provide foundation for Chapter 2 Research Questions RQs should relate to specific problem May come before the conceptual framework RQs may provide foundation for Chapter 2 Often provides evidence for the theoretical framework 12

13 Research Questions RQs should relate to specific problem May come before the conceptual framework RQs may provide foundation for Chapter 2 Often provides evidence for the theoretical framework Short and to the point Research Questions For Quantitative 13

14 Research Questions For Quantitative One dependent variable Research Questions For Quantitative One dependent variable Keep a clean study, one RQ per independent variable to the one dependent variable (1 to 3 ideal) 14

15 Research Questions For Quantitative One dependent variable Keep a clean study, one RQ per independent variable to the one dependent variable (1 to 3 ideal) Should align purpose statement content Research Questions For Quantitative One dependent variable Keep a clean study, one RQ per independent variable to the one dependent variable (1 to 3 ideal) Should align purpose statement content If applying an intervening variable, include 15

16 Research Questions For Quantitative To what extent, if any, is there a correlation between the (independent variable) and (dependent variable)? Research Questions For Quantitative To what extent, if any, is there a correlation between the (independent variable) and (dependent variable)? To what extent, if any, does (independent variable) correlate to (dependent variable)? 16

17 Research Questions Qualitative: Research Questions Qualitative: No variables 17

18 Research Questions Qualitative: No variables Align to research method and design Research Questions Qualitative: No variables Align to research method and design Seek to explore, discover livedexperiences.. to learn why or how something happened or is what it is 18

19 Research Questions Qualitative: One item per question: - Assumptions - Beliefs - Perceptions - Values - Observations - Hold to be true Hypothesis(es) For quantitative studies only 19

20 Hypothesis(es) For quantitative studies only The educated guess Hypothesis(es) For quantitative studies only The educated guess A prediction; may not be true, we prove nothing 20

21 Hypothesis(es) For quantitative studies only The educated guess A prediction; may not be true, we prove nothing In most instances, we anticipate the outcome of the our research Hypothesis(es) For quantitative studies only The educated guess A prediction; may not be true, we prove nothing In most instances, we anticipate the outcome of the our research When we find something we did not expect; that s a reason for doing research 21

22 Hypotheses Supposition of outcomes of the variables. Hypotheses Supposition of outcomes of the variables. One null hypotheses per research question 22

23 Hypotheses Null hypothesis is articulated in a manner to suggest there is no relation between the independent and the dependent variables. Hypotheses Null hypothesis is articulated in a manner to suggest there is no relation between the independent and the dependent variables. Alternative or hypothesis is articulated in Alternative or hypothesis is articulated in a manner to suggest there is a relation between the independent and the dependent variables. 23

24 Hypotheses Statistically test the null hypotheses Hypotheses Statistically test the null hypotheses Don t even need alternative hypotheses 24

25 Hypotheses Statistically test the null hypotheses Don t even need alternative hypotheses We test the null to suggest it is likely wrong as compared to testing to suggest the alternative is true Hypotheses Statistically test the null hypotheses Don t even need alternative hypotheses We test the null to suggest it is likely wrong as compared to testing to suggest the alternative is true Significance levels for testing.10,.05, and

26 Hypotheses Only two outcomes: - Fail to reject the null or Reject the null Hypotheses Only two outcomes: - Fail to reject the null or Reject the null No proving when sampling 26

27 Hypotheses Only two outcomes: - Fail to reject the null or Reject the null No proving when sampling Size does matter enough points of data are needed to statistical test the null. Hypotheses Only two outcomes: - Fail to reject the null or Reject the null No proving when sampling Size does matter enough points of data are needed to statistical test the null. There is research and then there is dissertation research! 27

28 Examples Provided All examples are from my prior mentees Examples Provided All examples are from my prior mentees Most were approved on the first pass through reviews 28

29 Examples Provided All examples are from my prior mentees Most were approved on the first pass through reviews Each provided me written consent to use their work in this manner to help others complete their programs. They own the copyright to their work. My copyright for this program. Dr. Maria Aponte Example #1 SELLING: THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF DOMESTIC PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE LEADERS 29

30 RQ1: What are the lived experiences of domestic property and casualty insurance leaders with respect to selling? Dr. Ellen Beattie Example #2 A QUANTITATIVE CORRELATIONAL STUDY: INSTITUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ENDOWMENT INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE FOLLOWING THE FINANCIAL CRISIS 30

31 RQ1: To what extent is there a relationship between institutional characteristics and endowment investment t performance? H1 0 : No significant relationship exists between institutional characteristics and endowment investment performance. H1a: A significant relationship exists between institutional characteristics and endowment investment performance. RQ2: To what extent is there a relationship between endowment characteristics and endowment investment t performance? H2 0 : No significant relationship exists between endowment characteristics and endowment investment performance. H2a: A significant relationship exists between endowment characteristics and endowment investment performance. 31

32 Dr. Joseph Hage Example #3 INFLUENCE OF RELIGION AND RELIGIOSITY ON LEADERSHIP PRACTICES IN THE WORKPLACE: A QUANTITATIVE CORRELATION STUDY RQ1: To what extent are the leadership practices of organizational leaders based on their religion? H1 0 : There are no significant differences in the leadership practices of organizational leaders based on their religion. H1a: There are significant differences in the leadership practices of organizational leaders based on their religion. 32

33 RQ4: What differences, if any, exist in the leadership practices of organizational leaders from different religious backgrounds based on their religiosity? H4 0 : No differences exist in the leadership practices of organizational leaders from different religious backgrounds based on their religiosity. H4a: Significant differences exist in the leadership practices of organizational leaders from different religious backgrounds based on their religiosity. 33

34 Example #4 Dr. Patricia E. Schroeder A QUANTITATIVE CORRELATION STUDY OF INDIVIDUALISM- COLLECTIVISM AND EMPLOYEE INNOVATION IN TURKEY RQ 1: To what extent was there a relationship between Turkish employees cultural orientation and perceptions of their leaders? RQ 2: To what extent was there a relationship between Turkish employees perceptions of their leaders and employee creativity/innovation? RQ 3: To what extent was there a relationship between Turkish employees cultural orientation and their creativity/innovation? RQ 4: Were there significant regional differences in the cultural orientation, leadership perceptions, and self-reported creativity/innovation of Turkish employees? 34

35 Example #5 Dr. Susan B. Kristiniak Exploring the Experiences of Complementary Therapy Nurses: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study 35

36 The qualitative method study with a phenomenological research design attempted to explore the following central questions: RQ1: What are the perceptions of the nurses integrating complementary therapies related to their nursing care delivery? RQ2: What are the perceptions of nurses using complementary therapies of their own professional satisfaction? The identification of nurses perceptions when integrating complementary therapies contributed to their practice of revisiting holistic care opportunities and therefore affecting perceived satisfaction in their profession. Intro / Mind-Set Conclusion 36

37 Intro / Mind-Set Conclusion Research Questions Intro / Mind-Set Conclusion Research Questions Hypotheses 37

38 Intro / Mind-Set Conclusion Research Questions Hypotheses Examples from 5 mentees Education is a lot like life: The more you put into it, the more you ll get out of it! Blog, Newsletter, & Membership Site 38