Perspectives on Innovation in Sport Engineering - Stochastic Resonance and their Application in Modern Training

Transcription

1 Perspectives on Innovation in Sport Engineering - Stochastic Resonance and their Application in Modern Training Dietmar Schmidtbleicher / Christian T. Haas

2 Damping Demands Machinery Men page 2

3 Ballistic Perturbations Acceleration [m/s 2 ) Rigth leg Left leg 1000 ms Time page 3

4 Predominant Frequencies Theta alpha frequency range page 4

5 Conventional Training page 5

6 Conventional Training Power [a.u.] Frequency [Hz] delta frequency range page 6

7 Prevention of ACL Injury No reduced Risk of ACL Injury by Balance-Board-Training Football 228 player: 80% of ACL Ruptures in Innervation Group (Söderman et al. 2000) Volleyball 641 player: 3-fold higher injury frequency in innervention group (Verhagen et al. 2004) page 7

8 Simulation page 8

9 Simulation page 9

10 Stochastic Resonance Training page 10

11 Ground Reaction Forces Student Specialist 1000 F [N] t [ms] page 11

12 Reflex pattern 0,4 0,3 mv 0,2 0, t [ms] page 12

13 Effects in Balance 0,1 Pre-Test (anterior-posterior) 0,1 Pre-Test (medial-lateral) Auslenkung [a.u.] 0,05 0-0,05 PRE Auslenkung [a.u.] 0,05 0-0,05-0,1 t 1000 ms -0,1 t 1000 ms 0,1 Post-Test (anterior-posterior) 0,1 Post-Test (medial-lateral) Auslenkung [a.u.] 0,05 0-0,05 POST Auslenkung [a.u.] 0,05 0-0,05-0,1 t 1000 ms -0,1 t 1000 ms page 13

14 Model of Nerve functioning SR Sinus Action Potential Spikes 1,05 threshold Electrical Activity (a.u.) 1,00 0,95 0,90 0,85 0,80 0,75 time 2000 Sinus SR Haas / Schmidtbleicher Isokinetics and Exercise Science 2006 page 14

15 SR Effects Detection Threshold Stochastic Resonance (with noise) Sinus-Vibration (without noise) Khaodhiar et al. Diabetics care 2003 page 15

16 SR and Neurotrophic Factors Balkowiec, Katz 2002 J Neurosc. page 16

17 Neurotrophic Factors Survival of dopaminergic Neurons Neurotoxin with Exercise Neurotoxin without Exercise Cohen et al. J. Neurochemistry 2002 page 17

18 Neurotrophic Factors No relase through standing or isometric contractions Small relase by swimming Huge release after running (Ia afferences) Implementation of spatial demands and time variations Wirth et al. Eur. Journal of Neuroscience 1998 Garraway et al. Europ. J. of Neuroscience 2003 Molteni et al. Eur. Journal of Neuroscience 2002 Hutchinson et al. Brain 2004 page 18

19 SRT in MS Postural Control sway [a.u.] worse better Pre-Test Post-Test Feb 22. Feb 27. Feb 23. Mrz 7. Apr. page 19

20 SRT in SCI Balance Gait Duration [s] Distance [m] Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 0 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Experimental Group Control Group page 20

21 SRT in SCI Pre-Test Post- Test page 21

22 SRT in Parkinson s disease Tremor - 25%, Rigidity -24% after 5 series Schmidtbleicher et al ISBS Haas et al Neurorehabilitation page 22

23 SRT in Parkinson s disease Pre Post page 23

24 Stochastic Resonance and cortical activity Nelson et al. Exp Brain Res 2004, Schultz et al. (1997) Science page 24

25 Take home message Stochastische Resonance enables Increased neuromuscular activity Reduced neuro-degenerative effects Enhanced neuroplasticity Improved selection of Information, Improved postural control and locomotion page 25

26 Correspondence Prof. Dr. Dietmar Schmidtbleicher Dr. Christian T. Haas page 26