MENG 344 Work Analysis and Design Key Contributors. Lotfi K. Gaafar

Transcription

1 MENG 344 Work Analysis and Design Key Contributors Lotfi K. Gaafar September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 1 Frederick Taylor Under Taylor's management system, factories are managed through scientific methods rather than by use of the empirical "rule of thumb" so widely prevalent in the days of the late nineteenth century when F. W. Taylor devised his system and published "Scientific Management" in September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 2 1

2 Frederick Taylor Taylor's core values: the rule of reason, improved quality, lower costs, higher wages, higher output, labor-management cooperation, experimentation, clear tasks and goals, feedback, training, mutual help and support, stress reduction, and the careful selection and development of people. He was the first to present a systematic study of interactions among job requirements, tools, methods, and human skill, to fit people to jobs both psychologically and physically, and to let data and facts do the talking rather than prejudice, opinions, or egomania. September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 3 Frederick Taylor Father of scientific management Principles Develop a science for each element of work Select the best worker for each task Train the worker in the prescribed method Develop a spirit of cooperation between management and labor Divide the work between management and labor into equal shares, each doing what they do best September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 4 2

3 Frank and Lillian Gilbreth brought an engineer s and psychologist s skills to study the economy of movements led to motion study work simplification through elimination of useless motions and waste use of flow diagrams, process charts, basic components of the motion pattern, or therbligs September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 5 Frank Gilbreth Born in 1871 in Fairfeild, Maine. Ambition to be a Construction Engineer. First job as a bricklayer. Introduced improvements in brick laying. Promoted to Foreman then superintendent. Became involved in the contracting business. September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 6 3

4 Frank Gilbreth Started contracting business in , started a firm of Consulting Industrial Engineers. Gained international fame as a consultant. Had 12 children with Lillian Gilbreth. September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 7 Frank Gilbreth Developed time and motion study as an approach to scientific management. Motion study: finding the best method to perform a task. Time study: establish work standards for a job. Used Cine camera in analysis. Constructed 3 dimensional models of motion September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 8 4

5 Frank Gilbreth Devised several systems of analyzing work. Flow Process Chart breaking work into basic elements of operations, inspections, transportations, storages and delays. September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 9 Frank Gilbreth Developed therbligs e.g Grasp-begins when hand or body member touches an object, consists of gaining control of an object, ends when control is gained. Therbligs held the stage for many years in work analysis. September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 10 5

6 Frank Gilbreth The Principle of Motion Economy Lead to minimum effort and fatigue and maximum achievement. Identified Two factors affecting job execution: 1) Worker 2) Enviroment September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 11 Frank Gilbreth Contribution: Workers were trained and placed in suitable areas of work. Performance of the workers were monitored. Workers were restated if the were of low performance. Believed in the value of questions and the need to ask questions. September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 12 6

7 Frank Gilbreth Scientific management was a philosophy of life achieved by cooperation of engineers, educators, physiologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, economists, sociologists, staticians and managers. Died in September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 13 Lillian Moller Gilbreth Early Days and Education Date of Birth: 24 th of May 1878 Place of Birth: Oakland, California First Degree: BS degree in Literature (1900), University of California (Berkeley) MS Degree: Literature (1902) Doctorate: Literature (got married) September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 14 7

8 Family Life and Career Ph.D.: Psychology (4 children) Second degree: Engineering (husband's encouragement) Partnership with her husband Frank Difference in their natures and its effect on business: Frank: technical aspects of time management Lillian: human aspects of working efficiency September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 15 Partnership with Lillian s Husband Partnership lasted 20 years Shared work and ideas A sum up of their idea found in 2 books Applied Motion Study Fatigue Study Frank Bunker Gilbreth September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 16 8

9 Radical Changes in Lillian s Life Husband s s early death (1924) Struggle with business career in convincing the companies of her ideas of efficiency New techniques to perform household tasks (efficient kitchens) September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 17 Lillian s Work Applying efficiency techniques for handicapped to facilitate their lives Directing doctors in treating patients Wrote on homemaking and parenting Living with Children Homemaker and her Job Foreman and Power Management in the Home September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 18 9

10 Lillian s Late Achievements Education at the age of 50 MS in Engineering Doctorate in Engineering Served in the New Jersey State Board of Regents Delegate to the World Power Congress Professor at Purdue Advisor for American Presidents Retired at the age of 90 Passing away at the age of 92 Lillian Gilbreth September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 19 Henry Ford 1896 Ford September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 20 10

11 Childhood: Born in July 30, 1863 He lived in a prosperous family Lived his childhood in a farm At the age of 16 he left home to work September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 21 Building a career: First job as an apprentice machinist (1879). Returned to Greenfield Township and marries Clara Bryant (1888). Worked in different factories in Detroit. Worked as an engineer for Edison Illuminating Company(1891). September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 22 11

12 Building a career: He completed his first automobile the Quadricycle. Worked as chief engineer and partner in Detroit Automobile(1899). Establishment of Ford Motor Company(1903). September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 23 Building a career: Introducing the Model T(1908). Mass production The moving assembly line(1913). Giving 8-hour work. Edsel Ford was named the president of the company(1919). Henry Ford Passed away(1947). September 03 Lotfi K. Gaafar 24 12