Index. in this web service Cambridge University Press

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1 aceruloplasminemia, 87 achromatopsia, 81 acid-base disorders, 9 10 acquired hepatolenticular degeneration, 20, 84 5 acquired neuromyotonia, 38 9, 40 acute dystonic reactions, 30, 31 agnosia, 81 AIDS, 29 akathisia, 30, 31 akinetic-rigid variant of PD, 6 7 Albright s osteodystrophy, 10 alcohol-related hypocalcemia, 10 alcohol-reponsive familial tremor, 54 6 alexia, 81 alien-limb syndrome, 35 7 alpha-methyl-paratyrosine, 92 Alzheimer s disease, 17 clinical features of CBS, 36 corticobasal syndrome, 35 7 logopenic progressive aphasia variant, visual variant, amantadine, 45, 76, 92, 97, 102 development of ICDs, 98 side effects profile, amantadine-induced orofacial and limb myoclonus, amnestic syndrome, 1 3 amphetamines, 101, 102 anticholinergic agents worsening of tardive dyskinesia, 91 2 anticonvulsant side effects, 29 antidepressant side effects, 29 antiemetic-induced parkinsonism, 30 1 anti-mag neuropathy, 51 anti-mag neuropathy (MAG-SGPG), 68 anti-nmdar encephalitis,

2 115 antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 29, 71 3 antipsychotics symptomatic worsening in DLB, anxiety as dopaminergic wearing off in PD, 61 2 L-dopa-induced arrhythmias, apomorphine, 58, 61, 62, 98 argyrophilic grain disease, 17 aripiprazole, 91, 92 arm levitation, 35 7 arrhythmias L-dopa-induced, arsenic poisoning, 2 aseptic meningoencephalitis, 46 7 aspirin, 73 astereopsis, ataxia and gray zone genetic test, following protracted vomiting, 1 3 opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (OMAS), potential for over-testing, 67 9 sudden onset, 1 3 autoimmune disorders, 13 14, 38 9 autosomal recessive-juvenile parkinsonism, 60 axonal peripheral neuropathy (dry beriberi), 51 baclofen, 96 Balint syndrome, bariatric surgery complication, 2 beginning and end of dose dyskinesias, benign hereditary chorea, 30 benserazide, 19 benzodiazepines, 38, 96 benztropine, 91 beta-blockers, 38, 78, 92 Bickerstaff s brainstem encephalitis, 51 Binswanger s disease, 5 botulinum toxin chemodenervation, 96 7 bradykinesia, 42 3 brain MRI brain iron accumulation disorders, 81 5 chorea-acanthocytosis, 48 findings in MSA-P, 76 8 fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), 78 9 hot-cross bun sign in OPCA, 20 1 identifying NPH mimics, 82 4 interpretation pitfalls, 3 6 isolated T1-weighted hyperintensity, 84 5 manganese encephalopathy, 84 5 MCP sign, 78 9 missed radiographic clues, narrowing the differential diagnosis, 71 2 olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy (OPCA), 20 1 pattern of four parkinsonisms, posterior cortical atrophy syndrome, prioritizing diagnostic procedures, 71 2 suspected essential tremor, 78 9 suspected PD, 76 8 SWI detection of iron deposition, 85 1 buccolinguomasticatory tardive dyskinesia, 91 buprenorphine, 101 buspirone, 101 carbamazepine, 8, 10, 18, 38 carbidopa, 19 cardiac arrhythmias L-dopa-induced, carpal spasm, 8 10 cassava ingestion, 51 celiac disease, 71 cerebellar ataxia, 14, 58 cerebellar variant of MSA (MSA-C), cervical myelopathy, Chiari malformation, 40 chlorpromazine, 101 choking when swallowing liquids, 92, 94 cholinesterase inhibitors, 99 chorea caused by oral contraceptives, due to antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 71 3 multiple positive diagnostic tests, 71 3 non-degenerative etiologies in young adulthood, 29 orolingual-buccal predominance, 47 9 young adult, chorea-acanthocytosis, 71 absence of acanthocytes, 49 chorea gravidarum, 29, 73, 74 Chvostek s sign, 10 cimetidine, 10 cisplatin, 51 clioquinol, 51 clock drawing test, 16, 35 clonazepam, 6, 16, 55, 89, 92, 99

3 116 clozapine, 92, 99, 100 cocaine, 29, 101, 102 codeine, 101 cognitive function and dementia risk, 45 6 measuring early impairment, 45 6 compressive/vascular myelopathy, 51 confusional state sudden onset, 1 3 contractures, 40 copper deficiency, 51 copper levels and distribution Wilson s disease, 25 7 corticobasal degeneration, 17, 35 7, clinical features of CBS, 36 corticobasal syndrome, 16, 35 7 pathology-related features, 36 cranial dystonia, 85 1 treatment strategies, 96 7 craniofacial dystonia distinction from hemimasticatory spasm, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 17, 81 cyclophosphamide, 68 cyproheptadine, 100, 101 dementia rapidly progressive, step-wise gait impairment, 3 6 dementia risk cognitive function assessment, 45 6 dementia with Lewy bodies, 17 neuroleptic sensitivity, posterior cortical atrophy presentation, premorbid REM sleep behavior disorder, 99 use of cholinesterase inhibitors, 99 worsening effects of antipsychotics, demyelinating peripheral neuropathies, 68 9 dextromethorphan, 101 diabetes mellitus, 8 10, 14, 87 diagnostic approach pitfalls of the exclusionary approach, pitfalls of the shot-gun approach, 71 3 prioritizing diagnostic procedures, 71 3 diazepam, 13 diphasic dyskinesia in PD patient, distal acquired demyelinating symmetric (DADS-M) neuropathy, 68 9 DJ1 gene mutations, 70 domperidone, 31 dopamine agonists risk of impulse control disorders, 97 8 dopamine dysregulation syndrome, 62, 98 dopaminergic wearing off effects, anxiety and shortness of breath, 61 2 dopa-responsive dystonia, 60 1 diagnostic testing, 65 7 distinction from NIID, 65 7 drug-induced orofacial and limb myoclonus, drug-induced parkinsonism, 30 1 drug-induced serotonin syndrome, 101 drug-induced tremor, 37 8 dysarthria, 81 5, 102 dyskinesias in PD patients, dysphagia, 102 dystonia, 7 cranial, 81 5 dopa-responsive dystonia, 60 1 iatrogenic, 53 4 mimics, 40 paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia, 60 1 SWEDDS, 34 5 treatment strategies, 96 7 dystonic tremor clinical features, 55 distinction from essential tremor, 54 6 early-onset parkinsonism, 65 7 early-onset PD, 60, electric myokymia, 39 electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), 101 electrolytic disorders, 9 10 electrophysiology diagnosis of orthostatic disorders, hemimasticatory spasm, 18 encephalitis, 46 7 entacapone, 61, 97 ephedronic encephalopathy, 85 epilepsia partialis continua, 7 8, 40 epilepsy adult-onset drug-refractory type, 14 epileptic seizures leading to unresponsive wakefulness, 46 7 episodic ataxia type 1, 39 episodic memory impairment, 99

4 117 ergotamine, 101 essential tremor brain MRI findings, 78 9 clinical features, 55 difficult to characterize tremor, 37 8 distinction from dystonic tremor, 54 6 distinction from PD, 27 8 effects on handwriting, 28 eszopiclone, 37 external lumbar drainage (ELD) procedure, 4 facial and neck dystonia in Parkinson s disease, 53 4 facial dystonia L-dopa-induced, 76 facial movements characterization, 30 facial muscles tightness and pain, facial pseudodystonia, 40 falls backward, 98 caused by freezing of gait, 3 6 early falls, progressive unsteadiness, 19 without warning signs, 92, 93 familial alcohol-reponsive tremor, 54 6 fatal familial insomnia, 81 feeding dystonia with negative diagnostic test, 47 9 feet twisting after walking, 60 1 fenfluramine, 101 fingers paroxysmal posturing, 8 10 FMR1 gene mutation testing, 20 1 folate deficiency, 51 foscarnet, 10 fragile X syndrome, 78 fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), 20, 78 9 genetic testing, 20 1 MCP sign on MRI, 78 9 framing effect diagnostic pitfall, 7 Friedreich ataxia, 51 Frontal Assessment Battery, 3, 14, 16, 35, 71, 82 frontotemporal dementia, 16, 17 frontotemporal lobar degeneration-motor neuron disease (FTLD-MND), gabapentin, 38 gait features in NPH and VaP, 5 features in PD, 5 step-wise progression of impairment, 3 6 GCH1 gene mutations, 70 genetic testing clinical features of PD mutation carriers, 69 early-onset PD, FMR1 mutations, 20 1 fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome, 20 1 gray zone results, guidelines for PD testing, 70 variant of unknown significance, Gerstmann syndrome, 80, 81 geste antagoniste, 74 glucose transport protein type 1 (GLUT1) deficiency syndrome, 61 glycine disorders, 14 Graves disease, 14 group A b-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infection, GTP cyclohydrolase 1 gene, 66 Guillain-Barré syndrome, 51 Hallervorden-Spatz disease, 85 hallucinations, 90, handwriting cramping of the thumb, 38 difficulty caused by tremor, 54 effects of ET, 28 effects of PD, 28 in myoclonus-dystonia, 29 large and chaotic, 67 large and illegible, 78 messy, 34 micrographia, 45, 65, 76, 102 small, 6 Hashimoto s encephalopathy, 73 Hashimoto s thyroiditis, 39, 71 hemifacial pain chronic, hemifacial spasm, 18 distinction from epileptic disorders, 7 8 jerky, 7 8 hemimasticatory spasm, hepatitis C, 20 heroin encephalopathy, herpes simplex virus, 47

5 118 high-output heart failure (wet beriberi), 51 HIV myelopathy, 51 HMSN, 39 hobbyism (L-dopa effect), 62 HTLV myelopathy, 51 Hughes syndrome. See antiphospholipid antibody syndrome Huntington s disease, 41, 48, 71 hydrocephalus ventriculoperitoneal shunt-unresponsive, 92 6 hyperactivity young adult, hyperekplexia, 14 hyperemesis-induced thiamine deficiency, 1 3 hyperglycemia, 29 hyperthyroidism, 29, 71 hypocalcemia, 9 10 hypomagnesemia, 9 10 hypoparathyroidism, 9, 29, 71 responsive motor and non-motor fluctuations, 62 side effects, 29 treatment complications, unresponsive motor and non-motor fluctuations, 62 L-dopa-induced arrhythmias, L-dopa-induced facial dystonia, 76 L-dopa-induced orofacial dyskinesias, 23 5 L-dopa-responsive early-onset parkinsonism, 67 L-dopa-responsive juvenile parkinsonism, 65 7 legs weakness and numbness, levetiracetam, 71, 92 limb myoclonus amantadine-induced, lithium, 38, 101 liver cirrhosis, 85 lorazepam, 61, 74 LRRK2 gene mutations, 69, 70 Lunesta, 37 Lyme disease, 29 iatrogenic tremor, 37 8 IgM-MGUS neuropathy associated with MAG antibodies, 67 9 impulse control disorders, 62 caused by PD treatments, 97 8 infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, 87 iron brain iron accumulation disorders, 81 5 deficiency, 85 iron levels and distribution Wilson s disease, 27 Isaacs syndrome, 39, 40 Japanese B encephalitis, 47 juvenile parkinsonism L-dopa-responsive, 65 7 Klippel-Feil anomaly, 40 Lambert-Brody syndrome, 9 lamotrigine, 37, 38 language impairment, L-dopa CR formulation, 89, 90, 97 8 dopamine dysregulation syndrome, 62 effects of insufficient dosage, mood elevation effect, 62 poor response to, manganese encephalopathy brain MRI, 84 5 MAO inhibitors serotonin toxicity risk, 101 Mattis Dementia Rating Scale-2, 3, 98 MCP sign on brain MRI, 78 9 MDMA (Ecstasy), 101 medico-legal pitfalls iatrogenic impulse control disorders, 97 8 Meige syndrome, 97 melanoma, 85 meningioma obstructive hydrocephalus caused by, 82 4 meperidine, 101 mesencephalic tumors, 16 metabolic disorders, 9 10 methadone risk of serotonin syndrome, methcathinone, 85 metoclopramide-induced parkinsonism, 30 1 MGUS neuropathy, 68 9 migraines post partum onset, Miller-Fisher syndrome, 51 Miller-Fisher variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome, 68 Mini Mental State Examination, 3, 14, 16, 35, 71, 76, 82, 84, 85, 89, 90, 91, 92, 99 assessing dementia risk, 45 6

6 119 mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and subcortical strokes (MELAS), mitochondrial myopathy, 17 mixed connective tissue disorder, 39 monophasic dyskinesias, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, 14, 20, 76, 82, 92, 98, 99 assessing dementia risk, 45 6 morphine, 101 motor complications range of states, 58 motor fluctuations L-dopa-responsive and non-responsive conditions, 62 motor neuron disease, 16 17, 42 3 movement disorders difficult to characterize, 38 9 MRI. See brain MRI multi-infarct state, 16 multiple sclerosis, 9, 40 multiple system atrophy cerebellar variant (MSA-C), distinction from PD, 23 5, parkinsonian type (MSA-P), 23 5, 76 8 rapid accrual of deficits, myasthenia gravis, 39 myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) antibodies, 67 9 myoclonic activity in Parkinson s disease, myoclonus-dystonia handwriting, 29 myokymia, 38 9 myorhythmia, 56 8 naloxone lack of response to, 100 neuroblastoma, 41 neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) disorders, 81 5 neuroferritinopathy, 71, 81 5 neurofibromatosis, 85 neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism, 30 1 neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 30, 31, 100, 101 neuroleptic sensitivity in dementia with Lewy bodies, neuroleptic side effects, 29 neuroleptics tremor induced by, 38 neuromyotonia, 9, 38 9 neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease, 65 7 neuropathy of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome, 68 9 neurosyphilis, 16 Niemann-Pick disease type C, 16 nitrous oxide myeloneuropathy, 51 NMDA receptor encephalitis, 46 7 non-motor fluctuations L-dopa-responsive and non-responsive conditions, 62 normal pressure hydrocephalus, 16 distinction from vascular parkinsonism, 3 6 features of gait, 5 mimics, 82 4, 92 6 ventriculoperitoneal shunt unresponsiveness, 92 6 nortriptyline, 37, 38 nystagmus upbeat, 1 3 obstructive hydrocephalus due to paramesencephalic meningioma, 82 4 ocular apraxia, 80 oculogyric crisis, 65 7 oculomasticatory myorhythmia, 56 8 oculomotor impairment, 1 3, 39 42, olanzapine, 92, 98 olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy (OPCA), 20 1 ondansetron, 31 opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (OMAS), optic aphasia, 81 optic ataxia, optic neuropathy, 51 oral contraceptives, 29 chorea caused by, oro-buccal dyskinesias, 81 5 orofacial dyskinesias, 91 2 in parkinsonism, 30 1 in presumed PD, 23 5 L-dopa-induced, 23 5 orofacial myoclonus amantadine-induced, oromandibular dystonia distinction from hemimasticatory spasm, orthostatic hypotension, orthostatic myoclonus, orthostatic tremor, 14 16

7 120 oscillopsia, 1 3 ovarian teratoma-associated anti-nmdar encephalitis, 46 7 oxycodone, 101 pain control drugs rigidity caused by, risk of serotonin syndrome, painful facial dystonia STN DBS complication, 53 4 painful paroxysmal posturing, 8 10 palpitations L-dopa-induced, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), 85, 86 7 paramesencephalic meningioma obstructive hydrocephalus caused by, 82 4 parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, 9 10 PARK14, 87 parkin gene, 60, 65, 66, parkinsonian variant of MSA (MSA-P), 76 8 parkinsonism atypical, 65 7 bradykinesia, 42 3 brain MRI pattern, disorders mistaken for, 42 3 drug-induced, 30 1 early-onset, 65 7, 69 juvenile, 69 L-dopa-reponsive juvenile and early-onset forms, 69 metoclopramide-induced, 30 1 mild orofacial dyskinesias, 30 1 rapidly progressive, 84 5 rapidly progressive dementia, risk with tetrabenazine, 96 7 Parkinson s disease akinetic-rigid variant, 6 7 amantadine-induced orofacial and limb myoclonus, amantadine side effects, anxiety as dopaminergic wearing off, 61 2 anxiety in, brain MRI finding, 76 8 clinical features of genetic mutation carriers, 69 complications of L-dopa therapy, diphasic dyskinesia, distinction from ET, 27 8 distinction from MSA, 23 5, distinction from MSA-P, 76 8 dopaminergic wearing off effects, 18 19, 61 2 early onset, 60, effects of mismanagement, effects on handwriting, 28 facial and neck dystonia, 53 4 features of gait, 5 genetic mutations related to, genetic testing, genetic testing guidelines, 70 iatrogenic impulse control disorders, 97 8 identifying cognitive impairment, 45 6 juvenile PD, 70 L-dopa-induced arrhythmias, myoclonic activity, panic attacks, 61 2 paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia, 60 1 poor response due to undertreatment, poor response to L-dopa, poor response to STN DBS, postural instability-gait disorder phenotype, 6 7 postural instability-gait disorder (PIGD), 45 rapid accrual of deficits, rapidly progressing, restless leg pattern of dyskinesia, shortness of breath, 61 2 speech arrests, treatment refractory PD, tremor, unusual tremor, 34 7 Parkinson s disease dementia (PDD), 45 6, 99 Parkinson s disease-mci (PD-MCI), 45 6 paroxetine, 91 paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia antedating PD, 60 1 paroxysmal finger posturing, 8 10 pattern recognition pitfalls, 53 peak-dose dyskinesias, penicillamine treatment, 39 peripheral movement disorders, 38 9 peripheral nerve hyperexcitability disorders, 38 9 pernicious anemia, 14 phenobarbital, 10 phenytoin, 10, 79 phosphate ingestion, 10 Pick s disease, 17 pindolol-induced tremor, 37 8 PINK1 gene mutations, PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration, 87 POEMS syndrome, 68 9 POLG1 mutation, 51

8 121 polycythemia rubra vera, 29 polyneuropathies, 68 9 post partum chronic hemifacial pain, posterior cortical atrophy syndrome, visual-predominant deficits, 81 posterior fossa tumor, 40 post-paralytic facial myokymia, 8 post-streptococcal chorea, 74 postural instability-gait disorder phenotype of PD, 6 7 postural instability-gait disorder (PIGD), 45 pramipexole, 27, 60, 76, 89, 98, 102 prednisone, 39, 68 pregnancy chorea gravidarum, 29, 73, 74 chronic hemifacial pain, primary lateral sclerosis, 7, 42 3 primary progressive freezing of gait, 16 primary systemic amyloidosis, 69 primidone, 38, 54, 55, 78 prion disorders, 81 prochlorperazine, 30 progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, 29 progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA), 17 progressive supranuclear palsy atypical, with shunt-unresponsive hydrocephalus, 92 6 progressive supranuclear palsy-like disorders, progressive supranuclear palsy-pnfa, 17 propoxyphene, 101 propranolol, 28, 37, 38, 54, 55 prosopagnosia, 81 pseudoathetosis, 40 pseudoephedrine, 85 pseudohypoparathyroidism, 10 pseudo-tics, 62 3 psychogenic diagnosis, 1 psychogenic disorders paroxysmal posturing, 8 9 psychogenic tourettism, 62 3 psychogenic tremor diagnosis, distinction from PD, psychosis leading to unresponsive wakefulness, 47 ptosis, 1 3 punding (L-dopa effect), 62 pure akinesia syndrome, 16 pyridoxine (vitamin B 6 ) intoxication, 51 quetiapine, 91, 99, 100 rasagiline, 76 REM sleep behavior disorder, 102 predating synucleinopathy, 99 renal insufficiency complication of diabetes, 8 10 representativeness heuristic diagnostic pitfall, 7 reserpine, 92 restless leg pattern of dyskinesias, restless leg syndrome, 27 restlessness young adult, retinitis pigmentosa, 87 retinopathy, 87 rhabdomyolysis, 10 rheumatoid arthritis, 14 rhythmic facial movements, 56 8 rigidity asymmetrical, 6 7 excessive, 6 7 risperidone, 71, 92 risus sardonicus, 77 in a young man, 25 7 intermittent, 25 7 L-dopa-induced, 23 5 Wilson s disease, 25 7 rituximab, 68 Romberg sign, 49, 51, 68 ropinirole, 61, 97 rotational atlanto-axial subluxation, 40 Sandifer syndrome, 40 Satoyoshi syndrome, 40 scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDDS) dystonia, 34 5 Schwartz-Jampel syndrome, 40 segmental cranial dystonia treatment strategies, 96 7 seizures leading to unresponsive wakefulness, 47 selegiline, 97, 101 sensory ataxias, 40 differential diagnosis, 51 due to vitamin B 12 deficiency, potential for over-testing, 67 9 sensory ataxic neuropathy, 51, 68 serotonin syndrome, 100 2

9 122 shortness of breath in PD, 61 2 simultanagnosia, 80 sinemet CR, 89, 90 Sjögren s syndrome, 51 SLC2A1 gene, 61 smoking history, 3 6 SNRIs, 101 sodium oxybate, 37 spastic dysarthria STN DBS complication, 53 4 spasticity, 13 14, 40 speech arrests in PD, spinal cord disorders spasticity, spinocerebellar ataxia, 71 spinocerebellar ataxia type 17, 71 SSRIs, 38 risk of serotonin syndrome, standing unsteadiness, stiff person syndrome, 40 and mild spasticity, distinction from rigidity in PD, 6 7 worsening of gait, stimulant side effects, 29 STN DBS assessing patient suitability for, late complications of treatment, 53 4 poor response to, strychnine, 14 Sudafed, 85 sulfoglucuronyl paragloboside (SGPG), 68 sumatriptan, 101 supranuclear gaze palsy, 16 17, 56 8 Sydenham s disease, synucleinopathies premorbid REM sleep behavior disorder, 99 syringomyelia, 40 systemic lupus erythematosus, 14, 29, 39 tabes dorsalis, 51 tardive dyskinesia, 30 1 clinical features, 92 distinction from tardive dystonia, 91 2 drugs which may induce, 91 2 effects of anticholinergic agents, 91 2 management, 92 treatment strategies, 91 2 tardive dystonia clinical features, 92 distinction from tardive dyskinesia, 91 2 management, 92 tauopathies, 17 TCAs risk of serotonin syndrome, 101 TDP 43 proteinopathy, 17 temporomandibular joint pain distinction from hemimasticatory spasm, tetanus, 14 tetany, 8 10 tetrabenazine, 92, 96 7 thiamine (vitamin B 1 ) deficiency, 1 3, 51 thymoma, 39 tics psychogenic tourettism, 62 3 tonic spasm, 40 topiramate, 38 Tourette syndrome, 63 pseudo-tics, 62 3 unusual tics, 62 3 tramadol, 101 tremor and PD diagnosis, 34 7 difficult to characterize, 37 8 distinction between PD and ET, 27 8 drug-induced, 37 8 dystonia, 34 5 multiple negative diagnostic tests, Parkinson s disease, psychogenic, 10 15, SWEDDs, 34 5 tremorogenic drugs, 37 8 trihexyphenidyl, 55 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 57 triptans, 101 trochlear nerve palsy, 40 Trousseau s sign, 10 tumor lysis syndrome, 10 twitches, 38 9 unresponsive wakefulness, 46 7 unsteadiness progressive, when standing, urinary incontinence, 3 6 valproic acid, 38 vascular parkinsonism

10 123 distinction from NPH, 3 6 features of gait, 5 ventriculoperitoneal shunt, 4 ventriculoperitoneal shunt-unresponsive hydrocephalus, 92 6 vestibular torticollis, 40 visual agnosia, 81 visual object agnosia, 81 visual-predominant deficits posterior cortical atrophy syndrome, 81 visuospatial disorientation, 99 vitamin B 1 deficiency, 1 3, 51 vitamin B 12 deficiency, vitamin B 12 -deficiency ataxia with normal B 12 levels, vitamin D deficiency or resistance (rickets), 10 vitamin E deficiency, 51 vitiligo, 14, 39 vomiting protracted, 1 3 Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 68 9 warfarin, 73 Wernicke encephalopathy, 1 3, 51 Whipple s disease, 16, 56 8 Wilson s disease, 25 7, 85 Xyram, 37 ziprasidone, 92