Interventional Neuroradiology of the Spine

Transcription

1 Interventional Neuroradiology of the Spine

2 Mario Muto Editor Interventional Neuroradiology of the Spine Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Therapy

3 Editor Mario Muto Neuroradiology Department A. Cardarelli Hospital Naples, ISBN DOI / Springer Milan Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London ISBN (ebook) Library of Congress Control Number: Springer-Verlag Italia 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein Cover design: Ikona S.r.l., Milan, Typesetting: Grafiche Porpora S.r.l., Segrate (MI), Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l. Via Decembrio 28 I Milan Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media (

4 Preface Interventional neuroradiology is a relatively recently established subdiscipline of neuroscience and radiology that has expanded rapidly and now plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of brain and spine pathology of both vascular and non-vascular origin. Spine pain is a dramatic social problem whose significance has grown even during the short course of the twenty-first century, with annual increases in incidence owing to the increase in average life expectancy, the silent epidemic of osteoporosis and the growing number of patients with primary or secondary spine tumors. Among the many reasons for writing a book in the field of medicine are the desire to share your and your co-authors experience with the scientific world, the wish to present your point of view on the diagnosis and treatment of particular pathologies and, especially, the importance of transmitting science to those working in other medical disciplines with a view to ensuring that disease is treated in the best possible way. Bearing this in mind, starting from the basic anatomy and clinical approach, this book presents and describes not only the neuroradiological experience but also the medical, radiotherapy and surgical points of view regarding the optimal treatment of pathologies encountered in daily practice. I would like to thank all the co-authors for the excellent job that they have done and for their prompt responses to my invitation to contribute to this book, which has ensured publication within a short time. Naples, November 2012 Mario Muto, MD Chief, Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology A. Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, President of the Section of Neuroradiology of the Italian Society of Radiology (SIRM) Chairman of the Spine Section of the European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR) v

5 Contents 1 Biomechanics of the Spine and Etiopathogenesis of Spinal Pain... 1 Roberto Izzo and Mario Muto 2 Diagnostic Approaches to Spinal Disease Related to Spinal Intervention Pia C. Sundgren and Majda M. Thurnher 3 Radiological Anatomy and Approaches to the Spine Alvaro Antonio Diano, Gianluigi Guarnieri and Mario Muto 4 Clinical Evaluation of Spinal Disease Luigi Genovese and Pasqualino De Marinis 5 How and When to Carry Out Spinal Biopsy Giannantonio Pellicanò, Arturo Consoli, Massimo Falchini and Ernesto Mazza 6 Percutaneous Treatment of Cervical and Lumbar Disks Gianluigi Guarnieri, Matteo Bonetti, Mario Muto, Cosma Andreula and Marco Leonardi 7 Treatment of Facet Joints Stefano Marcia, Salvatore Masala, Mariangela Marras and Alberto Cauli 8 Epidural and Sacral Spinal Injections Massimo Gallucci and Federico D Orazio 9 Vertebroplasty in Porotic Fractures Mario Muto, Gianluigi Guarnieri, Roberto Izzo and Alvaro Antonio Diano 10 Medical Therapy in Porotic Patients Annamaria Colao, Laura Vuolo, Manila Rubino and Carolina Di Somma vii

6 viii Contents 11 Vertebroplasty and Spinal Tumors Luigi Manfrè, Gianluigi Guarnieri and Mario Muto 12 Kyphoplasty and Kyphoplasty-like Devices: Indications and Results Mario Muto, Gianluigi Guarnieri and Giovanni Carlo Anselmetti 13 Endoscopic Treatment Approaches to Herniated Lumbar Disks Jürgen Reul 14 Percutaneous Lumbar Posterior Stabilization for Low Back Pain Giuseppe Bonaldi and Alessandro Cianfoni 15 New Treatments for Spinal Tumors Salvatore Masala, Giovanni Nano, Tommaso Volpi and Giovanni Simonetti 16 Indications and Results for Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery Olga Corriero, Oreste de Divitiis, Giancarlo Guizzardi and Paolo Cappabianca 17 Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Bone Metastases Rossella Di Franco, Sara Falivene, Vincenzo Ravo and Paolo Muto 18 Classification and Treatment of Vascular Malformations of the Spinal Cord Francesco Causin, Joseph Gabrielli and Emanuele Orrù 19 Practical Guidelines for Percutaneous Vertebral Cementoplasty Pedro Nunnes, Vitor Mendes Pereira and Mario Muto Index

7 Contributors Cosma Andreula Chief of Radiology Service, Anthea Hospital, Bari, Giovanni Carlo Anselmetti Interventional Radiology Service, IRCC Candiolo, Giuseppe Bonaldi Interventional and Diagnostic Neuroradiology, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Matteo Bonetti Chief of Radiology Institute, Istituto Clinico Città di Brescia, Brescia, Paolo Cappabianca Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Alberto Cauli Rheumatology Unit, AOU Cagliari, Monserrato, Francesco Causin Neuroradiology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Alessandro Cianfoni Radiology Department, Medical University South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA Annamaria Colao Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Arturo Consoli Radiodiagnostic 2-3, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Olga Corriero Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Oreste de Divitiis Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Pasqualino De Marinis Neurosurgery Unit, A. Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, ix

8 x Contributors Alvaro Antonio Diano Neuroradiology Department, A. Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Rossella Di Franco Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy, Second University of Naples, Naples, Carolina Di Somma IRCCS SDN Foundation, Naples, Federico D Orazio Radiology Department, San Salvatore Hospital, L Aquila, Massimo Falchini Radiodiagnostic 2-3, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Sara Falivene Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy, Second University of Naples, Naples, Joseph Gabrielli Neuroradiology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Massimo Gallucci Neuroradiology Department, San Salvatore Hospital, L Aquila, Luigi Genovese Neurosurgery Unit, A. Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Gianluigi Guarnieri Neuroradiology Department, A. Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Giancarlo Guizzardi Department of Neurological Sciences, Neurosurgical Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Roberto Izzo Neuroradiology Department, A. Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Marco Leonardi Chief of Neuroradiology Service, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Luigi Manfrè Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, AOEC Cannizzaro, Catania, Stefano Marcia Radiology Department, SS. Trinità Hospital, ASL Cagliari, Cagliari, Mariangela Marras Radiology Department, AOU Cagliari, Monserrato, Salvatore Masala Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, University Tor Vergata, Rome,

9 Contributors xi Ernesto Mazza Radiodiagnostic 2-3, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Vitor Mendes Pereira Service Neuro-diagnostique et Neurointerventionnel, Département de l Imagerie et des Sciences de l Information Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland Mario Muto Neuroradiology Department, A. Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Paolo Muto Radiotherapy Unit, INT IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Giovanni Nano Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Pedro Nunnes Neuroradiology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal Emanuele Orrù Neuroradiology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Giannantonio Pellicanò Radiodiagnostic 2-3, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Vincenzo Ravo Radiotherapy Unit, Cardinale Ascalesi Hospital, Naples, Jürgen Reul Beta Klinik International Head and Spine Center, Bonn, Germany Manila Rubino Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Giovanni Simonetti Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Pia C. Sundgren Diagnostic Radiology, Skåne University Hospital, BFC, Blekinkevägen, Lund, Sweden Majda M. Thurnher Department of Radiology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Tommaso Volpi Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Laura Vuolo Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples,