Fatigue Management: It s About Sleep! Charles Alday Pipeline Performance Group

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2 Fatigue Management: It s About Sleep! Charles Alday Pipeline Performance Group

3 Objectives Provide basic fatigue management information. Demonstrate ways to scientifically assess risks of fatigue. Tool I ve been using. Present practical ways for the individual and the organization to address the effects of fatigue in shift workers.

4 Disclaimers I am not a scientist or a salesman. This tool is commercially available I am a pipeliner and consultant. Work with control centers Work with field operations & maintenance Work with US and Chinese pipelines I have been a shift worker. Rarely worked normal schedules in my career

5 Is Fatigue a Problem? Americans average 6.7 hours of sleep per night - National Sleep Foundation(NSF) poll. 29% fell asleep or got very sleepy at work. 36% have fallen asleep or nodded off while driving. 70% have some type of sleep problem. As a result,

6 Fatigue Management Strategies

7 Is Fatigue a Problem Pipelines? NTSB had it on Most Wanted List. Congress thought so: 2006 PIPES Act. PHMSA thinks so: Rule. API issued Recommended Practice. Shift workers think so: HF Assessments. Pipeliners who work overtime or respond to call outs think so: HF Assessments. Fatigue contributes to errors: My work.

8 Is Fatigue a Problem Shiftwork? Shiftworkers sleep less than 6 hours per day on workdays (NSF) poll. Only 37% of shiftworkers say their schedule allows them time for adequate sleep. 48% of shiftworkers have driven drowsy in the past month. 49% of shiftworkers work more hours per week than non shiftworkers.

9 Fatigue Mitigation Sleep about 8 hours almost every night. Sleep is what matters: Hours of sleep in the last 24 hours, Hours of sleep in the last 48 hours, Hours awake before coming to work.

10 Is Fatigue a Problem Shiftwork?

11 Fatigue Mitigation in Rule Establish shift lengths and schedule rotations that provide time to achieve 8 hours of continuous sleep. Work time + commute time Educate controllers and supervisors in fatigue mitigation strategies and how off-duty activities contribute to fatigue. Regular, ongoing Train controllers and supervisors to recognize the effects of fatigue. Recognize signs and risks Establish a maximum limit on controller hours of service. Day, week, dayshift, nightshift

12 Rule Summary Statement Operators must also implement methods to prevent controller fatigue. May be a challenge to prevent fatigue for people who work rotating shifts. Cannot be eliminated!

13 Tool I Am Using

14 Why I Am Using FAID Based on research and field applications of Dr. Drew Dawson and Centre for Sleep Research. Australia has implemented strict regulations about fatigue in several industries. Companies there must develop a strict fatigue risk management program. Think it provides practical approach. Only requires that I know hours of work. My clients accept that FAID is helpful. Used with five clients so far to analyze schedules.

15 Specific determinants of work-related fatigue The time of day of work & non-work periods The duration of work & non-work periods Work history in the preceding seven days The biological limits on recovery sleep Based on Hours of Work

16 Estimates of work-related fatigue are based on statistical modelling of the amount of sleep likely to be obtained by individuals based on the time of day and duration of work and nonwork periods over a seven day period. Indicative fatigue is inferred from the estimate of sleep obtained.

17 Fatigue Scores are Indicators Only Fatigue scores are indicators only of the impact of sleep deprivation. They are based on a statistical analysis of research performed into fatigue levels over a broad sample of population and provide guidance on the fatigue of an individual.

18 A recent study (1) indicated that scores between 80 and 100 are equivalent to the predicted level of work-related fatigue achieved after hours of continuous sleep deprivation (starting at 0800). This result was observed when the sleep deprivation started at 0800 on a Monday, following a week working Monday to Friday and with Saturday and Sunday off. (1) Dawson, D. and Reid, K. Fatigue, alcohol and performance impairment. Nature July 1997, 388: 235.

19 A FAID score of 80 has been associated with performance impairment equivalent to that seen at a blood alcohol concentration of 0.05% or greater

20 Peak FAID Scores 40 Monday Friday Work Week Commercial airline pilots 5, 12h day shifts in a row 2, 12h night shifts in a row 7, 8h night shifts in a row Train Drivers Truck Drivers & Mining

21 Validation studies suggest that FAID scores below 80 are broadly consistent with a safe system of work and scores above a 100 are broadly consistent with an unsafe system of work. These scores have been independently scrutinised and accepted as evidence by agencies including The Australian Transportation Safety Bureau (ATSB) and The Special Commission of Inquiry into the Waterfall Rail Accident near Sydney.

22 An analysis using FAID produces a score that gives an indication of the level of workrelated fatigue associated with a particular work period and work pattern. Based on the task that an individual is performing, a tolerance is determined for a acceptable fatigue level - following a rigorous risk management assessment.

23 FAID is used as an integral part of a Riskbased Integrated Fatigue Management System. Used by itself, FAID is not, however, a Riskbased Integrated Fatigue Management System.

24 Software demonstration and results Chinese pipeline control center analysis of two schedules. US pipeline control center analysis of year s actual work hours.

25 Implications of Rule for You Sleep is what matters: Hours of sleep in the last 24 hours, Hours of sleep in the last 48 hours, Hours awake before coming to work. The amount of sleep is dual responsibility: Employer has to provide opportunity for 8 hours, of sleep. Employee has to take advantage of opportunity, by creating and using a good sleep environment.

26 What Is Next? It is ultimately about sleep! Acknowledge that fatigue is an issue. Assess the shift schedule and the actual hours of work by controllers. Develop a fatigue risk management plan. Plan due by August of 2011.

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