International Smoking Statistics. Belgium

Transcription

1 International Smoking Statistics Web Edition A collection of worldwide historical data Belgium Barbara Forey, Jan Hamling, John Hamling, Alison Thornton, Peter Lee P N Lee Statistics & Computing Ltd 17 Cedar Road Sutton SM2 5DA, UK This report is an updated version of Chapter 3 of International Smoking Statistics 2nd edition, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine and OUP, 2002, Date of issue: 4Apr2013 (First issue)

2 Barbara Forey, Jan Hamling, John Hamling, Alison Thornton, Peter Lee, 2013 This work is copyright. It may be reproduced or quoted in whole or in part for study or research purposes, subject to inclusion of an acknowledgement of the source. It may not be reproduced for purposes other than those above or sold without written permission from the authors. Issue History: First issued 4Apr Belgium 4Apr2013

3 Contents Contents... 3 List of Figures... 4 Preface... 5 Downloads... 5 Acknowledgements... 6 Introduction... 7 Regions considered... 7 Sales data... 7 Survey data... 7 Table 1.1 Total annual sales of tobacco products, Table 1.2 Total annual sales of tobacco products, Table 1.3 Total annual sales of tobacco products, UEBL 1, Table 1.4 Percentage of sales of tobacco in different forms (by weight), selected years Table 2 Sales of cigarettes (including estimated number of handrolled cigarettes) and of all tobacco products. Annual total and average per adult (age 15 years and over) per day Table 3 Manufactured cigarettes: percentage of total sales as filter cigarettes; salesweighted average machine yield per cigarette of tar (SWAT) Table 4M Prevalence of smoking, males: selected surveys by age Table 4F Prevalence of smoking, females: selected surveys by age Table 5M Table 5F Table 6M Table 6F Table 7M Table 7F Table 8 Number of cigarettes smoked per smoker per day, males: selected surveys by age Number of cigarettes smoked per smoker per day, females: selected surveys by age Number of cigarettes smoked per person per day, males: selected surveys by age; with percentage total sales Number of cigarettes smoked per person per day, females: selected surveys by age; with percentage total sales Number of cigarettes smoked per person per day, salesadjusted, males: selected surveys 1 by age; with percentage total sales Number of cigarettes smoked per person per day, salesadjusted, females: selected surveys 1 by age; with percentage total sales Estimated 1 prevalence of smoking and estimated 1 number of cigarettes per person per day (unadjusted and salesadjusted): summary of Tables 4, 6 and 7. Males and females aged 15 years and over Notes Notes on sources of sales data Sales data before Sales data for 1974 onwards Estimates of crossborder sales and smuggling Estimates of numbers of handrolled cigarettes Plain/Filter cigarette sales Tar and nicotine machine yields of cigarettes Notes on sources of survey data References See footnotes to Tables 4Apr2013 Belgium 3

4 Table of Contents (continued) List of Figures Figure 1 Percentage of sales of tobacco in different forms (by weight), selected years Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 1 See footnotes to Figures Sales of (i) manufactured and total 1 cigarettes and (ii) all tobacco products. Average per adult (aged 15 years and over) per day Estimated prevalence of smoking of (i) manufactured cigarettes, (ii) total cigarettes and (iii) all tobacco products; by year of survey. Males and females aged 15 years and over Estimated number of (i) manufactured cigarettes and (ii) total cigarettes smoked per person per day, salesadjusted; by year of survey. Males and females aged 15 years and over Belgium 4Apr2013

5 Preface International Smoking Statistics is a collection of smoking data covering most of Europe and various other economically developed countries. The second edition (published by Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine and OUP, 2002, included data for 30 countries up to Since 2006, work has been ongoing to make individual country updates available online. Please register at if you wish to be informed when updates are posted. The methods used in the web edition are essentially unchanged from those of the second edition, although some minor changes are included in the online Methods chapter. Readers are strongly recommended to consult the Methods chapter. The two main types of data presented are sales data and survey data. We give the results of the original authors as closely as possible, whilst presenting them in a uniform format. Sales data give the total national consumption of tobacco. Data on sales of cigarettes and of all tobacco products are presented, usually from about Estimates of the consumption of handrolled cigarettes are included where possible, as are data on the types of manufactured cigarettes sold. The Tobacco Research Council provided most of the sales data until 1973, while later sales data were obtained from government and industry sources. Survey data provide information on the prevalence and amount of smoking according to age and sex. These were obtained from a wide variety of surveys. Some survey data are available for the early part of the 20 th century, but for most countries they are available only from the 1950s or 1960s onwards. In additional tables we calculate further statistics by combining sales and survey data using certain standardized assumptions. The figures are intended to provide an easily interpretable summary of the data presented in the tables, and the commentary has deliberately been kept to a minimum. Downloads Updates currently available to download from include: Methods, including Appendix I: Estimated size of adult population; Appendix II: Comparisons of manufactured and handrolled cigarettes and differences in the way they are smoked; Appendix III: Consumption category estimation; Comparisons between countries; Updated country chapters (see Methods for current list); Tables from each updated chapter, in Excel format, including extended versions of Tables 4 and 6 and a customisable version of Figure 3; Supplement 1: Estimation of sexspecific smoking statistics by standardized age groups and time periods. [The web edition comprises a brief Update 4Apr2013 Belgium 5

6 Preface (continued) Note, together with tables (in Excel format only) for the countries with a chapter in the web edition. The original Supplement 1 to the second edition (an extended version of Appendix IV to the second edition) is also available and gives a full description and tables for the other countries] Also available from the same source are: Supplement 2 to the second edition: Estimating past smoking habits by an indirect method. An investigation into a method based on recall, with application to Great Britain. [This supplement is an extended version of Appendix V to the second edition]; IMASS, a comprehensive Excel database system, based on WHO mortality data and smoking statistics from Supplement 1. The IMASS system includes powerful routines for creating graphs and tables. Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge the tobacco industry for their financial support and for providing some of the sales data in International Smoking Statistics. We would also like to thank the many government and research organizations and individuals who supplied much of the information included. We thank Yvonne Cooper, Pauline Wassell and Diana Morris for maintenance of our references database. We are indebted to G. F. Todd, past director of the Tobacco Research Council, who, shortly before he died in 1988, had prepared a draft report from which the first edition of International Smoking Statistics developed. Professor Nicholas Wald was an editor of earlier editions, and we thank him for his support and encouragement. We alone bear the responsibility for the analysis and interpretation of the data presented. 6 Belgium 4Apr2013

7 Introduction Regions considered Sales data This chapter considers the country of Belgium, including the province of Luxembourg. In general it does not consider the country of Luxembourg (le GrandDuché de Luxembourg). However, some sales data are available only for the BelgiumLuxembourg Economic Union (Union économique belgoluxembourgeoise, UEBL). See Tables 13, Figures 1 and 2 and Notes on sources of sales data. From 1921 to 1940 the consumption of manufactured cigarettes per adult was about 2 cigarettes per day. During the Second World War it fell to about 1 cigarette per day, but rapidly jumped to exceed prewar levels in the late 1940s. Thereafter consumption rose until 1973, when it peaked at 7 cigarettes per day. It then decreased, passing below 4 in Our estimates suggest that consumption of handrolled cigarettes per adult fell from over 5 per day in the 1920s to about 1.5 in the late 1970s. Later estimates are probably distorted by crossborder sales. Apart from a sharp decline during the Second World War, the consumption per adult of all tobacco products combined varied between 8 and 10 g per day in the period It then decreased, lying between 6 and 8 g from then on. It is notable that the category Other tobacco, covering pipe and handrolling tobacco, chewing tobacco and snuff, accounted for over 65% of all tobacco sold in 1925 and continued to make up more than half of the weight of tobacco sold until the mid 1940s. This fell to 17% in 1975 but then increased to over 35% in This rise may be at least partly due to crossborder sales to other countries. In 1925, about 20% of all tobacco sold was in manufactured cigarettes. This proportion increased to 70% in 1975, but fell again to about 60% by The proportion of cigars and cigarillos remained around 10% between 1925 and 1985 then fell somewhat. The geographical position of Belgium next to relatively lowtaxed Luxembourg and close to highertaxed UK confuses estimates of the tobacco consumed within Belgium. Survey data See Tables 48, Figures 3 and 4 and Notes on sources of survey data. Data on adult smoking are available since In 1955, the estimated prevalence of tobacco smoking among those aged 15 years and over was 77% in men and 20% in women. The difference between men and women in the percentage who smoke has decreased since then, mainly because of a decrease in smoking prevalence among men (to 2224% in the 2010s). The percentages of men smoking manufactured cigarettes decreased from about 50% in 1972 to 35% in 1980; in that year another 9% of men smoked handrolled cigarettes only. By % of men smoked manufactured cigarettes and 11% handrolled only. The prevalence of smoking among women changed comparatively little, with most surveys reporting 1525% during the 1960s, 1970s and 2000s. There was a slight 4Apr2013 Belgium 7

8 Introduction (continued) rise, during the 1980s and 1990s, to 2030%. Smoking of products other than manufactured cigarettes was negligible among women. No major trends in the prevalence of smoking by age are evident, but in general the percentage smoking was lower, in both men and women, after age 2040, declining more markedly among those aged 65 years and over. Throughout the time period studied, a low percentage of women in the oldest age groups smoked. While this was not seen among men in the early studies, this has become more evident for men since the 1990s. Most surveys of teenagers continue to show more boys smoking than girls although the difference is generally not very great. Comparison of survey and sales data shows underreporting of consumption ranging from 1% to 67% (see Table 6). The difficulties in estimating consumption from sales data may be affecting these estimates. Between 1972 and 2006, the estimated number of manufactured cigarettes smoked per person per day (salesadjusted) decreased for men from about 10 to 4 with a further 3 handrolled cigarettes smoked per day; for women this has stayed around 4 to 5 cigarettes since the 1980s. 8 Belgium 4Apr2013

9 Table 1.1 Total annual sales of tobacco products, Year Manufactured Cigars Cigarillos Other All tobacco cigarettes tobacco products tonnes millions tonnes millions tonnes millions tonnes tonnes Source: see Notes on sources of sales data: Sales data before 1974, p Apr2013 Belgium 9

10 Table 1.2 Total annual sales of tobacco products, Year Manufactured Cigars Cigarillos Cigars and Other All tobacco cigarettes cigarillos tobacco products tonnes millions tonnes millions tonnes millions tonnes millions tonnes tonnes Source: see Notes on sources of sales data: Sales data for 1974 onwards, p Belgium 4Apr2013

11 Table 1.3 Total annual sales of tobacco products, UEBL 1, Year Manufactured Cigars Cigarillos Cigars and Other cigarettes cigarillos tobacco 2 millions millions millions millions tonnes Union économique belgoluxembourgeoise 2 Other tobacco: smoking tobacco, chewing tobacco and snuff Source: see Notes on sources of sales data: Sales data for 1974 onwards, p Apr2013 Belgium 11

12 Table 1.4 Percentage of sales of tobacco in different forms (by weight), selected years Year Manufactured Cigars Cigarillos Cigars and Other cigarettes cigarillos tobacco % % % % % Source: calculated from Tables 1.1 & 1.2. Figure 1 Percentage of sales of tobacco in different forms (by weight), selected years 100% Tobacco Sales Percentage by weight 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Year Manufactured cigarettes Cigars Cigarillos Cigars and cigarillos Other tobacco Source: Table Belgium 4Apr2013

13 Table 2 Sales of cigarettes (including estimated number of handrolled cigarettes) and of all tobacco products. Annual total and average per adult (age 15 years and over) per day Year Manufactured cigarettes Handrolled cigarettes Total cigarettes All tobacco products Total annual Number/ Total annual Number/ Total annual Number/ Total annual Grams/ millions adult/day millions adult/day millions adult/day tonnes adult/day Apr2013 Belgium 13

14 Table 2 (continued) Year Manufactured cigarettes Handrolled cigarettes Total cigarettes All tobacco products Total annual Number/ Total annual Number/ Total annual Number/ Total annual Grams/ millions adult/day millions adult/day millions adult/day tonnes adult/day / / / / Per adult data based on 2007 population. Source: Manufactured cigarettes and all tobacco products, Tables 1.1 and 1.2. Handrolled cigarettes, see Notes on sources of sales data: Estimates of numbers of handrolled cigarettes, p. 42. Population, see Population, Methods p Belgium 4Apr2013

15 Grams / adult / day Number / adult / day Figure 2 Sales of (i) manufactured and total 1 cigarettes and (ii) all tobacco products. Average per adult (aged 15 years and over) per day 14 Sales Number /adult /day Year Manufactured cigarettes Total cigarettes 14 Sales Grams /adult /day Year All tobacco products 1 Includes estimated handrolled cigarette consumption. Source: Table 2. 4Apr2013 Belgium 15

16 Table 3 Manufactured cigarettes: percentage of total sales as filter cigarettes; salesweighted average machine yield per cigarette of tar (SWAT) Year Filter SWAT % mg/cig Source: see Notes on sources of sales data: Plain/Filter cigarette sales, p. 42 and Tar and nicotine machine yields of cigarettes, p Belgium 4Apr2013

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18 Year Source Product Frequency Table 4M Prevalence of smoking, males: selected surveys by age (continues on p. 20) U U U U U R Age Groups All ages A A U R UC U A U A U MC U U R A U A R UC U MC U A R MC U A U A U MC U MC U A U U R U R MC R TC R A R MC U A U A U U R MC U U R U U U R MC U UC A A A U R * U R U R Belgium 4Apr2013

19 Year Source Product Frequency Table 4F Prevalence of smoking, females: selected surveys by age (continues on p. 21) Age Groups All ages A A U R 63 6 UC U A U A U MC U U R 73 4 A U A R UC U MC U U U U U U R 76 3 A R * MC U A U A U MC U MC U A U U R U R 80 1 MC R TC R A R MC U A U A U U R 81 2 MC U U R U U U R MC U UC A A A U R * U R U R 27 4Apr2013 Belgium 19

20 Year Source Product Frequency Table 4M (continued from p. 17, continues on p. 22) Prevalence of smoking, males Age Groups All ages 86 2 MC U U U UC A A A UC A A A U R U * U R U A U R UC U A U UC A A A U R TC U A U TC U A U UC A A A U R TC U A U TC U A U U R U * U R U A U * U A U * U R MC U TC U A U UC R A A UC R UC A A A U R MC U TC U A U Belgium 4Apr2013

21 Year Source Product Frequency Table 4F (continued from p. 19, continues on p. 23) Prevalence of smoking, females Age Groups All ages 86 2 MC U U U UC A A A UC A A A U R U * U R U A U R UC U A U UC A A A U R TC U A U TC U A U UC A A A U R TC U A U TC U A U U R U * U R U A U * U A U * U R MC U TC U A U UC R A A UC R UC A A A U R MC U TC U A U Apr2013 Belgium 21

22 Year Source Product Frequency Table 4M (continued from p. 20, continues on p. 24) Prevalence of smoking, males Age Groups All ages U R U R MC U TC U A U U R U R U R U R U * U R MC U TC U A U MC U TC U A U U R U A MC U TC U A U U R U * U R U R A * A R UC R A R A A U R U * U R UC R A R A A U R U U UC R A R A A U R U * U R UC R A R A A Belgium 4Apr2013

23 Year Source Product Frequency Table 4F (continued from p. 21, continues on p. 27) Prevalence of smoking, females Age Groups All ages U R U R MC U TC U A U U R U R U R U R U * U R MC U TC U A U MC U TC U A U U R U A MC U TC U A U U R U * U R U R A * A R UC R A R A A U R U * U R UC R A R A A U R U U UC R A R A A U R U * U R UC R A R A A Apr2013 Belgium 23

24 Year Source Product Frequency Table 4M (continued from p.22, continues on p.26) Prevalence of smoking, males Age Groups All ages U R UC R A R A A UC R A R A A U R A * A R A * A R U * U R MC R TC R A R MC U TC U A U U R UC * UC A U R A R A A U R MC R TC R A R MC U TC U A U U R A * A R A * A R U * U R UC A MC R TC R A R MC U TC U A U Belgium 4Apr2013

25 Year Source Product Frequency Table 4F (continued from p.23, continues on p. 27 Prevalence of smoking, females Age Groups All ages U R UC R A R A A UC R A R A A U R A * A R A * A R U * U R MC R TC R A R MC U TC U A U U R UC * UC A U R A R A A U R MC R TC R A R MC U TC U A U U R A * A R A * A R U * U R UC A MC R TC R A R MC U TC U A U Apr2013 Belgium 25

26 Year Source Product Frequency Table 4M (continued from p. 24) Prevalence of smoking, males Age Groups All ages U R UC * UC A U R A R A A U R MC R TC R MC A TC A A A U R A * A R A * A R U * UC A UC * UC A U R 24 Source: see Notes on sources of survey data, p. 42 Frequency: A = all smokers (including occasional) Product: MC = manufactured cigarettes R = regular or daily smokers TC = total cigarettes (including handrolled) U = unspecified UC = cigarettes (type unspecified) * = refer to Notes on sources of survey data, p. 42 A = all products All ages: relates to ages reported; as given in original source 26 Belgium 4Apr2013

27 Year Source Product Frequency Table 4F (continued from p. 25) Prevalence of smoking, females Age Groups All ages U R UC * UC A U R A R A A U R MC R TC R MC A TC A A A U R A * A R A * A R U * UC A UC * UC A U R 16 Source: see Notes on sources of survey data, p. 42 Frequency: A = all smokers (including occasional) Product: MC = manufactured cigarettes R = regular or daily smokers TC = total cigarettes (including handrolled) U = unspecified UC = cigarettes (type unspecified) * = refer to Notes on sources of survey data, p. 42 A = all products All ages: relates to ages reported; as given in original source 4Apr2013 Belgium 27

28 Year Source Product Estimated Table 5M Number of cigarettes smoked per smoker per day, males: selected surveys by age Age Groups All ages 80 1 MC TC UC UC UC UC E UC UC TC E TC E TC E UC UC TC E TC E TC E TC E TC E UC UC E* UC E* UC E* UC E* UC E* UC E* TC E UC E TC MC E TC E UC E* MC E TC E UC E TC TC UC E* UC E 12 Source: see Notes on sources of survey data, p. 42 Estimated: E = mean estimated from percentage distribution Product: MC = manufactured cigarettes (see also Consumption category estimation, Methods TC = total cigarettes (including handrolled) p. 11, and Appendix III) UC = cigarettes (type unspecified) * = refer to Notes on sources of survey data, p. 42 A = all products All ages: relates to ages reported; as given in original source U = unspecified 28 Belgium 4Apr2013

29 Year Source Product Estimated Table 5F Number of cigarettes smoked per smoker per day, females: selected surveys by age Age Groups All ages 80 1 MC TC UC UC UC UC E UC UC TC E TC E TC E UC UC TC E TC E TC E TC E TC E UC UC E* UC E* UC E* UC E* UC E* UC E* TC E UC E TC MC E TC E UC E* MC E TC E UC E TC TC UC E* UC E 9.8 Source: see Notes on sources of survey data, p. 42 Estimated: E = mean estimated from percentage distribution Product: MC = manufactured cigarettes (see also Consumption category estimation, Methods TC = total cigarettes (including handrolled) p. 11, and Appendix III) UC = cigarettes (type unspecified) * = refer to Notes on sources of survey data, p. 42 A = all products All ages: relates to ages reported; as given in original source U = unspecified 4Apr2013 Belgium 29

30 Year Source Product Table 6M Number of cigarettes smoked per person per day, males: selected surveys by age; with percentage total sales Age Groups % All Total ages sales 80 1 TC %T MC UC ** 86 8 UC ** 86 9 UC ** UC* %T 88 8 UC ** 88 9 UC ** TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T 91 8 UC ** 91 9 UC ** TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T UC ** UC* %T UC %T UC %T UC %T UC* %T UC %T TC %T UC 2.8 ** TC* %T MC %M TC %T UC* ** MC %M TC %T UC 1.3 ** TC* %T TC %T UC* ** UC 1.9 ** Source: Notes on sources of survey data, p. 42 * = refer to Notes on sources of survey data, p. 42 Product: MC = manufactured cigarettes All ages: relates to ages reported; as given in original source TC = total cigarettes (including handrolled) % Total sales: estimated % of total sales of M = manufactured or T = total UC = cigarettes (type unspecified) cigarette consumption implied by survey, sexes combined A = all products ** = cannot be calculated U = unspecified = adjusted by original author 30 Belgium 4Apr2013

31 Year Source Product Table 6F Number of cigarettes smoked per person per day, females: selected surveys by age; with percentage total sales Age Groups % All Total ages sales 80 1 TC* %T MC UC ** 86 8 UC ** 86 9 UC ** UC* %T 88 8 UC ** 88 9 UC ** TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T 91 8 UC ** 91 9 UC ** TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T UC ** UC* %T UC %T UC %T UC %T UC* %T UC %T TC %T UC 2.4 ** TC* %T MC %M TC %T UC* ** MC %M TC %T UC 1.1 ** TC* %T TC %T UC* ** UC 1.4 ** Source: Notes on sources of survey data, p. 42 * = refer to Notes on sources of survey data, p. 42 Product: MC = manufactured cigarettes All ages: relates to ages reported; as given in original source TC = total cigarettes (including handrolled) % Total sales: estimated % of total sales of M = manufactured or T = total UC = cigarettes (type unspecified) cigarette consumption implied by survey, sexes combined, A = all products ** = cannot be calculated U = unspecified = adjusted by original author 4Apr2013 Belgium 31

32 Year Source Product Table 7M Number of cigarettes smoked per person per day, salesadjusted, males: selected surveys 1 by age; with percentage total sales Age Groups % All Total ages sales 80 1 TC %T MC UC* %T TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T UC* %T UC %T UC %T UC %T UC* %T UC %T TC %T TC* %T MC %M TC %T MC %M TC %T TC* %T TC %T 1 Based on those surveys in Table 6 with data for both sexes and age range at least 2164 (see Cigarette consumption per person, Methods p. 11). Source: Notes on sources of survey data, p. 42 * = refer to Notes on sources of survey data, p. 42 Product: MC = manufactured cigarettes All ages: relates to ages reported; as given in original source TC = total cigarettes (including handrolled) % Total sales: Adjustment factor used, estimated % of total sales UC = cigarettes (type unspecified) of M = manufactured or T = total cigarette consumption A = all products implied by survey, sexes combined U = unspecified = adjusted by original author 32 Belgium 4Apr2013

33 Year Source Product Table 7F Number of cigarettes smoked per person per day, salesadjusted, females: selected surveys 1 by age; with percentage total sales Age Groups % All Total ages sales 80 1 TC* %T MC UC* %T TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T TC* %T UC* %T UC %T UC %T UC %T UC* %T UC %T TC %T TC* %T MC %M TC %T MC %M TC %T TC* %T TC %T 1 Based on those surveys in Table 6 with data for both sexes and age range at least 2164 (see Cigarette consumption per person, Methods p. 11). Source: See Notes on sources of survey data, p. 42 * = refer to Notes on sources of survey data, p. 42 Product: MC = manufactured cigarettes All ages: relates to ages reported; as given in original source TC = total cigarettes (including handrolled) % Total sales: Adjustment factor used, estimated % of total sales UC = cigarettes (type unspecified) of M = manufactured or T = total cigarette consumption A = all products implied by survey, sexes combined U = unspecified = adjusted by original author 4Apr2013 Belgium 33

34 Table 8 Estimated 1 prevalence of smoking and estimated 1 number of cigarettes per person per day (unadjusted and salesadjusted): summary of Tables 4, 6 and 7. Males and females aged 15 years and over Year Source 2 Product 3 Prevalence 4 Number of cigarettes Manufactured Total All Unadjusted 7 Salesadjusted 8 cigarettes cigarettes 5 products 6 Number/ person/day Total sales Manufactured cigarettes Total cigarettes 9 % number/ number/ person/day person/day M F M F M F M F M F M F A U UC +A ( ) 7 A MC ( ) 22 U UC 56 8 ( ) MC ( ) U A MC +A ( ) 13 A MC ( ) U MC+TC+A ( ) MC ( ) 13 A MC MC ( ) U ( ) U ( ) MC ( ) 17 U ( ) U ( ) MC +U ( ) 17 U ( ) U ( ) 30 UC +A Belgium 4Apr2013

35 Table 8 (continued) Year Source 2 Product 3 Prevalence 4 Number of cigarettes Manufactured Total All Unadjusted 7 Salesadjusted 8 cigarettes cigarettes 5 products 6 Number/ person/day Total sales Manufactured cigarettes Total cigarettes 9 % number/ number/ person/day person/day M F M F M F M F M F M F U ( ) 30 TC +A TC +A U ( ) 30 TC +A TC +A U ( ) 30 MC +TC +A U ( ) 30 MC +TC +A U ( ) 26 U ( ) 30 MC +TC +A U ( ) U ( ) 30 MC +TC +A MC +TC +A U ( ) 17 U MC +TC +A U ( ) U ( ) 28 UC+A A U ( ) 33 UC+A A U ( ) 31 U UC+A A U ( ) 33 UC+A A Apr2013 Belgium 35