Fiona Coope (BSc) Forensics Director

Transcription

1 Fiona Coope (BSc) Forensics Director

2 Who We Are ESG is the UK s leading provider of testing, inspection and compliance services, with comprehensive solutions in Infrastructure, the Built Environment and Energy & Waste. 2

3 Nationwide Capability National capability including nationwide UKAS accredited laboratories Offering a broad range of testing, inspection and compliance services delivered by in-house teams Strong project and sector focus 77m turnover in

4 ESG in Numbers ESG offers more than 200 testing, inspection and compliance services ESG carries out 6.7 tests and inspections each year ESG services over 5,000 clients ESG employs over 1,300 people ESG operates from over 30 nationwide sites 4

5 Registrations and Accreditations EMS FS Supplier No: Supplier No: GB 94/3455 LRQ Supplier No: Supplier No:

6 Controlled Drug Types - Cocaine Stimulant Crack versus salt Waxy solid or white powder Class A 6

7 Controlled Drug Types - Diamorphine Heroin Sedative pain killer Brown powder Class A

8 Controlled Drug Types - Ecstasy Drugs MDMA Stimulant Tablets Crystalline powder Class A

9 Controlled Drug Types - Amphetamine Amphetamine Stimulant Powders or pastes, white or off-white in colour Class B (unless in a liquid form designed for administration for injection when it becomes Class A)

10 Controlled Drug Types - Cannabis Herbal Cannabis Cannabis Resin Cannabis Oil/Wax Compressed trichomes ( pollum or pollen ) Cultivation scenes

11 Controlled Drug Types - Ketamine Anaesthetic Crystalline powder Liquid Class B (re-classified June 2014)

12 Controlled Drug Types - Others Methadone LSD and NBOME drugs Psiloybcin Mushrooms Khat

13 Controlled Drug Types - Steroids Associated with body building Tablet or liquid form Class C (exempt for possession only)

14 Drug Types Pharmaceutical Drugs Codeine/Dihydrocodeine Class B Exemptions Benzodiazepines e.g. diazepam, nitrazepam Class C Buprenorphine Subutex Class C Sildenafil Viagra Not controlled

15 Controlled Drug Types Cathinones MMC, MEC, MDEC, MDPV etc, depending on structure Stimulant drugs MMC ethylcathinone MEC Powders or crystalline powders Buphedrone Class B Methylone

16 Legal Highs or NPS Mostly sold in Head Shops or online Mostly in bright attractive packaging Herbal, powder or tablet form Contents can vary may not be as labelled or legal Mostly produced in China, India or Eastern Europe

17 17 Detecting Drug and Alcohol Use

18 Sample types Saliva Urine Hair 18

19 How Do Drugs Enter Hair 19

20 Time Course of Exposure from a Hair Sample Black box recorder 20 History of drug use over time Hair growth 1cm/month average Cut into sections can assess time course of drug use! Known drug users rehabilitation! Known drug users Pregnant! Drug Dealers! Pre-employment! Random in-employment! For cause sampling

21 Pro and cons of sample types Time over which drugs can be detected 21

22 Sample transport Storage and shipping Sample stability Storage (room temperature) Postage No special transport requirements International markets Biohazard? 22

23 Sample transport Analysis Screening Confirmation 23

24 When is drug testing used Pre-employment Random For Cause 24

25 When is drug testing used Workplace testing Sensitive Government Establishments GCHQ etc Nuclear workers Retail Medical Doctors and Nurses Construction Industry Transport Rail, Maritime, Air, Logistics Police Forces Armed forces 25

26 Hair Analysis Markets Medico-Legal Liver transplants Doctors / Nurses Family Law Divorce Family Law Drug Addict Family Law Pregnancy Social Services Child welfare (Baby P and Baby D) 26

27 Hair Analysis Markets Judiciary Drug addict rehabilitation programme FDAC Drug user conviction evidence Drug Pusher evidence Prisoners compliance Drug addict probationary evidence Individuals contesting lab result Forensics cause of death Schools e.g. Hong Kong Research 27

28 Drugs That Can be Detected Low levels but with modern instruments anything. Usually metabolites to confirm entry into body. Examples include:!cocaine: very easy to detect!bze: metabolite used to confirm cocaine use!cocaethylene: use of cocaine with alcohol!aeme: confirm crack cocaine 28

29 Drugs That Can be Detected 80% of all drugs include Cannabis Cocaine Amphetamines Methamphetamines including Ecstasy Opiates heroin etc Mephedrone Benzodiazepines Ketamine etc 29

30 Alcohol Misuse Use Ethyl Glucuronide Incorporated in Hair Acetaldehyde Ethyl Glucuronide Excretion in Urine 30

31 Compliance European workplace society Society of Hair Testing cut-offs accepted worldwide Chain of Custody compliance UKAS ISO

32 Reporting Certificate of Analysis free Expert Witness Report

33 Questions?