Effects of Drugs & Alcohol on Children & Families

Transcription

1 Effects of Drugs & Alcohol on Children & Families Kierstin Thornhill, MS, LPC-Intern Coordinator of Children s Clinical Services Under Supervision of Gabrielle Seekely, M.Ed., LPC-S, BCPC

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3 Approximately 1 in 4 The National Institute of Health (NIH), 2012

4 Cycle of Addiction COAs are four times likelier than non-coas to use alcohol or develop alcohol-related problems. COAs tend to initiate alcohol use earlier and engage in problem drinking at a younger age than non-coas. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. (2005). Family matters: Substance abuse and The American Family. New York: The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University.

5 #1 risk factor for a child being abused is alcoholism/addiction in the home. COA s are 4 times more likely to suffer neglect. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. (1999b). No safe haven: Children of substance- abusing parents. New York: The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University.

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7 FAS FASD Wattendorf, D. MAJ, MC, USAF, and Muenke, M, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Am Fam Physician Jul 15;72(2): Texas Office for Prevention of Developmental Disabilities

8 Photo courtesy of Sterling Clarren, MD Brain at 6 wks

9 There is also no safe time during pregnancy to drink and no safe kind of alcohol. We urge pregnant women not to drink alcohol at any time during pregnancy. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011 Texas Office for Prevention of Developmental Disabilities

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11 Characteristic Concerns of COAs

12 Characteristic Concerns Children feel responsible for parent s drinking or drug use.

13 Characteristic Concerns Children fear the person who uses alcohol or drug will get sick or die.

14 Characteristic Concerns Children feel angry with non-using parent

15 Characteristic Concerns Children are embarrassed by parent s behavior.

16 Characteristic Concerns Children never know what to expect.

17 Characteristic Concerns Children are confused by the difference between dry and drunk behavior.

18 Characteristic Concerns Children sometimes want their parent to drink or use drugs.

19 Family Dynamics

20 Common Beliefs in Families with Addiction

21 It s not okay to play or be playful. Do as I say, not as I do. It s not okay to talk about feelings. Don t rock the boat. It s not okay to express feelings freely. Don t be selfish. Unrealistic expectations. Indirect communication is best

22 Important Messages Children need to hear: You are not at fault. You didn t cause me to drink, use drugs, or engage in any addictive behavior Nothing you said, thought, or did could have changed my choices or actions when I was using. All your feelings are OK I love you. Always have, always will. You are not alone You get to be a kid!

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24 Breaking the Rules TALK about it: Let kids know in an age-appropriate way what happened when/if they ask. If they don t ask or don t know about your addiction, let them know before they are adolescents. Work on communication skills as a family and one on one. Start FEELING: ALL FEELINGS ARE OK! Be aware of your own feelings and let them out. Do model your feelings appropriately. Avoid yelling and other displays of violence. Build TRUST: Make promises you can keep. Be where you are supposed to be, when you are supposed to be there. Be consistent and fair with rules and consequences. Trust yourself to make decisions for your children. Trust others and seek help when you don t know what to do.

25 Child s View of Recovery

26 Child s View of Recovery Change is scary-even if it s what they have hoped for. What is my role now? Kids are confused about the meetings parents go to. Kids sometimes feel resentful about all of the slogans & terminology. Children expect everything to be all better now. Sometimes parents relationship worsens after recovery. Children react to limits being set when there might have been none or inconsistently set ones be

27 Resources Literature How to Raise a Drug Free Kid by Joseph A. Califano, Jr. Understanding Addiction and Recovery Through a Child s Eyes by Jerry Moe The Truth About Children and Divorce by Robert E. Emery Straight Talk from Claudia Black: What Recovering Parents Should Tell Their Kids about Drugs and Alcohol by Claudia Black Bonding and Attachment in Maltreated Children by Bruce Perry Referral Sources Kids Camp at The Council FASD Screening: Meyer Center for Developmental Pediatrics Divorce groups Self Esteem groups

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29 References Black, Claudia (2003). Straight Talk from Claudia Black. Hazelden, Center City, MN. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Jun;50(6): doi: /j x. Epub 2008 Oct 23. Executive function deficits in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) measured using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Tests Automated Battery (CANTAB). Wattendorf, D. MAJ, MC, USAF, and Muenke, M, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Am Fam Physician Jul 15;72(2): Werner, E.E. & Smith, R.S. (2001). Journeys from childhood to midlife: Risk, resilience, and recovery. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Green CR, Mihic AM, Nikkel SM, Stade BC, Rasmussen C, Munoz DP, Reynolds JN. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. (2005). Family matters: Substance abuse and The American Family. New York: The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. (1999b). No safe haven: Children of substance- abusing parents. New York: The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University.

30 Brown, S.A., Tapert, S.F., Granholm, E., & Delis, D.C. (2000). Neurocognitive functioning of adolescents: Effects of protracted alcohol use. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 242, Califano Jr., Joseph (2009),How to Raise a Drug-Free Kid, The Straight Dope for Parents. Dahl, R.E. & Spear, L.P. (Eds.) (2004). Adolescent brain development: vulnerabilities and opportunities. New York: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume Dubuc, B. (n.d.).the brain from top to bottom. McGill University web site: Giedd. J. N. (2004).Structural magnetic resonance imaging of the adolescent brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1021, Gogtay, N., Giedd, J.N., et al. (2004). Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101 (21), Grant, B.F., Dawson, D., et al. (2004). The 12-month prevalence and trends in DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence: United States, and Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 74, Johnston, L. D., O Malley, P. M., & Bachman, J. G. (2006). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse. Nestler, E. J., & Malenka, R. C. (2004, March). The addicted brain. Scientific American, 290 (3), Spear, L. P. (2002). Alcohol s effects on adolescents. Alcohol Health and Research World, 26 (4), Steinberg, L. (2008). A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking. Developmental Review, 28, Tomkins, D. M., & Sellers, E. M. (2001). Addiction and the brain: the role of neurotransmitters in the cause and treatment of drug dependence. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 164 (6). p Underwood, N. (2009). The teenage brain: Why adolescents sleep in, take risks, and won t listen to reason. The Walrus Magazine. Walsh, D. (2004). Why do they act that way? A survival guide to the adolescent brain for you and your teen. New York: Free Press.

31 Bebarta, V. S., Ramirez, S., Varney, S. M. (2012). Spice: A new legal herbal mixture abused by young active duty military personnel. Substance Abuse, 33(2), Borek, H. A., & Holstege, C. P. (2012). Hyperthermia and multiorgan failure after abuse of bath salts containing 3,4- methylenedioxypyrovalerone. Annals of Emergency Medicine, Epub ahead of print. Fass, J. A., Fass, A. D., Garcia, A. S. (2012). Synthetic cathinones (bath salts): Legal status and patterns of abuse. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 46(3), Hu, X., Primack, B., Barnett, T., Cook, R. (2011). College students and use of K2: An emerging drug of abuse in young persons. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 6, 16. Jerry, J., Collins, G., Streem, D. (2012). Synthetic legal intoxicating drugs: The emerging incense and bath salt phenomenon. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 79(4),