DRE Emerging drug trends

Transcription

1 DRE Emerging drug trends

2 DRE s Where did they come from? What do they do? Where are they? IACP/NHTSA and DOT

3 ONDCP The National Drug Control Strategy includes a goal of reducing drugged driving in the United States 10% by the year Specifically, ONDCP aims to make preventing drugged driving a national priority on par with preventing drunk driving. To work toward this goal, the Strategy calls for: Encouraging states to adopt Per Se drug impairment laws; Collecting further data on drugged driving; Enhancing prevention of drugged driving by education communities and professionals; Providing increased training to law enforcement on identifying drugged drivers: ARIDE Developing standard screening methodologies for drug-testing labs to use in detecting the presence of drugs. *Office of the the National Drug Control Policy

4 2007 Study on drugged driving Table 1 Drug Prevalence by Time of Day and Test Oral Fluid Test % Drug Positive Blood Test % Drug Positive Both Oral Fluid and/or Blood Test % Drug Positive Daytime 11.0% NA 2 NA Nighttime 14.4% 13.8% 16.3% *NHTSA Center for Statistics and analysis

5 Challenges with Drugged driving 1. Difficult in studying such a large number of drugs-research 2. Detectable blood levels may persist beyond the impairing effects or the impairing effects may be measurable when the drug cannot be detected in the blood 3. Sensitivity and tolerance 4. Individual differences in absorption, distribution, action and metabolism; wide ranges of drug concentrations in different individuals have been associated with equivalent levels of impairment) 5. Accumulation (blood levels of some drugs or their metabolites may accumulate with repeated administrations } 6. Acute versus chronic administration

6 What are we seeing

7 Impact

8 Polydrug Use here in NM

9 PolyDrug Use

10 Spice/K2

11 Spice/K2 Synthetic Pot Structurally related to marijuana-attaches to the cannabinoid receptors Sold as herbal incense or potpourri in head shops, gas stations, barber shops and over the internet-mostly illegal now Users are typically those subject to urine testing Plant material coated with chemicals to provide a marijuanalike high

12 Spice/K2 Symptoms of use Dilated pupils that react slowly to light Smooth pursuit; no nystagmus until recently Non-convergence of the eyes Dry mouth; green tongue Rapid-fire speech Repetitive speech patterns Vacillating emotional state (happy then sad, then happy) Hyperactive, unable to sit or stand still for long Rapid heartbeat, in excess of 100 beats per minute possible Increase in blood pressure (in particular systolic pressure may exceed 170 mmhg) Piloerection

13 DXM Dextromethorphan-cough syrup CCCs Symptoms of Use Effects similar to Ketamine and PCP Blank stare-hgn Amnesic Slurred speech/repetitive

14 Ketamine Dissociative anesthetic-animal tranquilizer Schedule II Raves- date rape drug Going into the K hole Symptoms of use: Induce a state of sedation (feeling calm and relaxed) HGN-resting Immobility, relief from pain, and amnesia (no memory of events while under the influence of the drug).sexual assault It is abused for its ability to produce dissociative sensations and hallucinations. Possible long term flashbacks

15 Bath Salts

16 Bath Salts Sale and possession are banned in several U.S. states. Sold over the internet and head shops 0.25g 0.50g quantities sell for $25 - $50/packet Bath salts are a powdered drug that contains at least one amphetamine-type substance. Typically that is methylenedioxypyrovalerone, known as MDPV. But it can also be either methylone or mephedrone. Cathinones shedule I Like other synthetics, the exact composition of each batch can vary Can be smoked, snorted or injected The effects last between 30 min to 3 hours

17 Bath Salts Symptoms of Use Violent/suicidal behavior Stimulant similar to amphetamines, cocaine, Hallucinogenic similar to khat, LSD, and MDMA. Rapid heart rate Chest pains-could lead to heart attack Sweating Nausea/vomiting Elevated body temp-often naked Paranoia/delusions Compulsive behavior

18 Bath Salts The unpredictable effects of bath salts drew the public s attention on May 26, 2012, when a Florida man ate the face off of a homeless person and growled at officers before shot and killed. Could lead to excited delirium

19 Waxy Marijuana Contains 82-99% THC-concentrated One hit is like 1-2 joints Use butane to extract the resins from the plant Users claim they pass out from a hit

20 Cheeba chews-edibles Medicated and un medicated advertised ~ ¾ of all edible sales From 75 to 175 mg of THC delayed onset easily Confused with taffy Symptoms of Use Relaxed Increased appetite paranoia

21 Where might we be going

22 Krokodil

23 Krokodil Desomorphine Made out of codeine and paint thinner It has sedative and analgesic effects Around 8-10 times more potent than morphine Cheaper alternative to heroin at 6 to 8$

24 Krokodil The drug is easily made from codeine, iodine, lighter fluid, industrial cleaning fluid, paint thinner, gasoline and red phosphorus Similar to the process of making Meth Drug is primarily used by heroin addicts that can no longer afford heroin-cheaper First appeared in Siberia and East Russia in 2002 Codeine pills are widely available in Russia without a prescription

25 Krokodil Symptoms of Use Drug is a neurotoxin that causes brain damage Drug is named for its scale-like appearance of the skin on its users severe tissue damage sometimes requiring amputation Deterioration of internal organs (Kidney / Liver) The amount of tissue damage is so high that addicts' life expectancies are said to be as low as two to three years

26 Kratom Naturally occurring alkaloid. From a tree indigenous to Thailand and Malaysia Chewed,smoked or made into pills Both sedative and stimulant like properties//analgesic properties more potent than morphine speed ball all in one 5-10 minutes onset and lasting several hours-currently legal in US

27 Kratom Symptoms of Use Kratom is purportedly a stimulant at lower doses with effects to include alertness, physical energy, talkativeness and giddiness. Higher doses mimics an opiate with sedative effects and euphoria. Similar to Heroin withdrawal kratom is under scrutiny, having been added to a Drug Enforcement Administration's list of "drugs and chemicals of concern."

28 Pump It Primary ingredient is Geranamine- which is an amphetaminerelated stimulant and decongestant found naturally in the geranium plant Principle ingredient is not illegal Smoked, snorted or injected/ 30$ lasting 4 to 6 hours Symptoms of Use Increased HR and body temp Dilated pupils Hallucinations Chest pains

29 Khat chemical structure constituent cathinone (similar to amphetamines) Biggest producer is Ethiopia Shrub or plant Chew it or drink in tea 20-30$ per packet -chew for 4-12 hours to get high Cathinone is a schedule I Symptoms of Use Alertness Elevated heart rate/bp Increased energy levels Dry mouth To heart attack or stroke

30 Molly What is it? Purest form of Ecstasy? Lyrics Most also contain bath salts DANGER High rate of death due to mixture of MDMA and bath salts Heavy use of Molly can also cause unregulated temperatures in the body, which can have damaging physical effects and has in some cases been a cause of death for Molly users.

31 Molly Symptoms of Use: A strong sense of inner peace and self-acceptance Diminished fear, anxiety, and insecurity Diminished aggression, hostility, and jealousy Feelings of intimacy and love for others Feelings of empathy, compassion and forgiveness towards others Increased energy and endurance Mild psychedelic, mental imagery and auditory and visual distortions or hallucinations An intensification of all bodily senses Stimulation, arousal and enhancement of appreciation of sensory Molly moonrocks,,more potent than Molly because it is before the drug is cut with anything

32 NBomes 25I-NBOMe is a new research chemical also known as smiles from 2CI Hallucinogen with psychedelic, stimulant, euphoric effects. Drug users perceive this chemical as a legal version of LSD. Blotter paper doses. new to the legal high market, it has not been widely seen although encountered in several States with reports of abuse beginning in Onset-5 to 120 minutes and can last up to 4 to 10 hours depending on insufflation or sublingual Federal Analogue act-virginia, Louisiana, Florida-illegal

33 NBomes Symptoms of Use general change in consciousness pupil dilation unusual body sensations (facial flushing, chills, goosebumps, change in perception of time, time increase in heart rate yawning bruxism Synthesia Euphoria Dilated pupils Confusion

34 Cheese

35 Cheese Black tar heroin combined with crushed Tylenol PM tablets Highly Addictive and very dangerous Tan-colored powder usually snorted through the nose with a tube, straw, or small ballpoint pen Packaged in a small paper bindle or zip lock baggie Can be bought for as little as $10 a gram or 2$ a bump

36 Cheese Symptoms of Use Drowsiness and Lethargy Euphoria Excessive Thirst Disorientation Sleepiness and Hunger

37 Cheese Withdrawal-similar to heroin Mood Swings Insomnia Headache, chills, nausea, vomiting Muscle Spasms/bone pain Anxiety, agitation, disorientation May last five to six days

38 Be aware these are out there Smoking alcohol- inhaling alcohol fumes Ecigs with THC Benzo fury=stimulant/mdma sold as research drug Jimson weed/salvia Purple drank Zannie air fresheners-phenazapam-benzo) GHB

39 Contact Detective Christine Frank