patomorfologia.lublin.pl American program Syllabus for pathomorphology

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1 American program Syllabus for pathomorphology List of detailed requirements: Introduction to pathology definition and classifications of pathology/ pathomorphology basic terms applied in pathology/ pathomorphology tissue sampling and basic techniques used in pathomorphology the most important fixative agents and staining methods the rules of good cooperation between pathologist and clinician Cellular reaction to injury (part 1) main causes and mechanisms of cell injury morphology of reversible cell injuries necrosis definition, types, morphology, examples apoptosis definition, mechanisms, morphology, examples Cellular reaction to injury (part 2) intracellular accumulation of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, pigments classification, pathogenesis, examples, morphology, special staining methods pathologic calcification definition, classification, pathogenesis, examples, morphology Hemodynamic disorders (part 1) edema definition, pathophysiologic categories, morphology, clinical consequences definition of hydrothorax, hydropericardium, ascites, anasarca hyperemia and congestion definition, morphology, typical examples hemorrhage definition, classifications, examples, clinical consequences definition of hematoma, hemorrhagic focus, petachiae, purpura, ecchymoses, hemothorax, hemopericardium, hemoperitoneum, hemarthrosis Hemodynamic disorders (part 2) thrombosis definition, pathogenesis, common hypercoagulable states venous and arterial thrombi etiology, morphology, clinical consequences, fate of thrombus embolism definition, types, examples infarction definition, types, examples, morphology, clinical consequences shock pathogenesis, main types, morphology, clinical

2 Inflammation (part 1) patomorfologia.lublin.pl inflammation definition, causative agents, cardinal signs, systemic manifestations acute inflammation phases (major components), cells engaged in the process, chemical mediators, outcome morphologic classification (patterns) of inflammation classification of exudative inflammation serous and catarrhal inflammation definition, examples, morphology fibrinous and purulent inflammation definition, classification, examples, morphology definition and examples of pyorrhea, empyema, phlegmon, abscess destructive and gangrenous inflammation definition, examples generalized infections ways of spread of infections; definition of sepsis, pyemia, bacteriemia, toxemia; morphology of sepsis and pyemia Inflammation (part 2) chronic inflammation causative agents, cells engaged in the process, chemical mediators, morphology, outcome; types of macrophages differences between acute and chronic inflammation proliferative inflammation definition, examples granulomatous inflammation definition, morphology, examples Infectious diseases infectious diseases definition, types, host barriers to infections, general mechanisms of host tissue damage by infective agents special techniques in diagnosis of infectious agents opportunistic infections definition, susceptible populations, examples selected bacterial diseases i.e., tuberculosis, leprosy, syphilis, rhinoscleroma (scleroma), actinomycosis causative agent, pathogenesis, stages of disease, morphology, clinical morphological features of viral infections selected viral infections i.e., Cytomeglovius, Herpes virus, Human papillomavirus o causative agent, pathogenesis, morphology selected fungal infections i.e., candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, pneumocystosis o causative agent, pathogenesis, morphology selected parasitic infections i.e., malaria, trichinellosis, schistosomiasis, oxyuriasis o causative agent, life cycle, pathogenesis, morphology Diseases of immunity o main cells of immune system o hypersensitivity reactions definition, classification, mechanism, examples of diseases o autoimmune diseases definition, mechanisms, examples o selected autoimmune diseases i.e., systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), polyarteritis nodosa, inflammatory myopathies etiology, pathogenesis, morphology, clinical o Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) etiology, pathogenesis, clinical including AIDS-related opportunistic infections and neoplasms 2

3 o amyloidosis definition, classification, pathogenesis, morphology, methods of amyloid detection, clinical Tissue renewal and repair. Disorders of growth o basis of normal cell proliferation and tissue growth o regeneration and repair (healing) definition, mechanisms, examples o cutaneous wound healing types, steps, influencing factors o hyperplasia, hypertrophy, atrophy definition, mechanisms, examples o metaplasia definition, mechanisms, examples, significance o dysplasia/intraepithelial neoplasia definition, grades, examples, significance Neoplasia (part 1) o definition of atypia, neoplasia, anaplasia o nomenclature and classifications of neoplasms o gross and microscopic features of benign and malignant neoplasms o modes of tumor growth and spread o semimalignant tumors definition, examples o in situ neoplasia (carcinoma) definition, examples, morphology o grading and staging of malignant tumors definition, systems, clinical significance Neoplasia (part 2) o genetic factors and nonhereditary conditions predisposing to cancer; carcinogenic agents; essential alterations in cell physiology for malignant transformation; molecular basis of multistep carcinogenesis; host defense against tumors o effects of neoplasms on the host on the clinical level (local and hormonal, cachexia, paraneoplastic syndromes) pathogenesis, examples of syndromes and related tumors o classic and modern laboratory diagnosis of neoplasms Environmental pathology o tobacco use carcinogens of tobacco-smoke, smoking-related tumors, other consequences o alcohol abuse pathogenesis, consequences of acute and chronic intake o ionizing radiation exposure pathogenesis of lesions, clinical manifestations o oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy adverse and beneficial effects Nutritional pathology o protein-energy malnutrition (marasmus, kwashiorkor) definition, causes, morphologic features o vitamin deficiency causes, physiological role of each vitamin, clinical features o obesity definition, mechanisms, clinical complications 3

4 Cardiovascular system pathology (part 1) patomorfologia.lublin.pl o cardiac hypertrophy patterns, relation to heart failure o left - and right - sided heart failure causative agents, pathogenesis, morphology, consequences o ischemic heart disease definition, causative agents, pathogenesis, clinical syndromes o myocardial infarction definition, risk factors, pathogenesis, anatomical location, morphology (sequences of gross and microscopic changes), clinical features, consequences, complications o systemic and pulmonary (cor pulmonale) hypertensive heart disease pathogenesis, morphology, disorders predisposing to cor pulmonale, complications o valvular heart disease etiology, types, morphology, clinical features o main types of congenital heart disease etiology, categories, description of malformations with direction of blood flow o rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease pathogenesis, morphology, clinical, consequences o cardiomyopathy definition, types, pathogenesis, consequences o myocarditis etiology, types, morphology, clinical o endocarditis etiology, types, morphology, consequences o pericarditis etiology, types, morphology, consequences o tumors of the heart incidence, classification, morphology, clinical significance Cardiovascular system pathology (part 2) o atherosclerosis risk factors, pathogenesis, typical lesions and their distribution, complications o hypertensive vascular disease etiology, morphology, consequences o aneurysm and dissections definition, classifications, complications o inflammatory disorders of blood vessels (vasculitides) pathogenesis, classification, morphology, clinical significance o varicose veins definition, distribution, complications o tumors of blood vessels classification, morphology, clinical significance Respiratory system pathology (part 1) o atelectasis definition, types, causes, clinical significance o pulmonary edema and congestion etiology, morphology, clinical features o adult respiratory distress syndrome pathogenesis, clinical associations, morphology, clinical o chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases definition, examples, common features o emphysema definition, pathogenesis, types, morphology, consequences o bronchial asthma pathogenesis, types, morphology, consequences o bronchiectasis definition, types, morphology, complications o diffuse interstitial (restrictive) diseases of lungs examples, common features o selected pneumoconiosis i.e., coal workers pneumoconiosis, silicosis, asbestosis pathogenesis, morphology, clinical o pulmonary embolism and infarction causes, morphology, consequences o pneumonia predisposing factors, classification, etiology, morphology, stages of lobar pneumonia, clinical, complications o lung abscess etiology, morphology, complications o tuberculosis of the lung etiology, classification, morphology, clinical 4

5 o sarcoidosis of the lung etiology, morphology, clinical Respiratory system pathology (part 2) o primary malignant tumors of the lung classification, predisposing factors, origin, precursor lesions, anatomical location, morphology, clinical o carcinoid origin, anatomical location, morphology, clinical o pulmonary hamartoma definition, morphology, significance o secondary (metastatic) tumors of the lung anatomical location of primary tumors, morphology o methods of pathological examination of pulmonary tumors o pleural effusion types, etiology o tumors of the pleura types, morphology, clinical o inflammations of upper airways etiology, clinical o reactive nodules of the larynx predisposing factors, anatomical location, morphology, clinical features o tumors of upper airways classification, risk factors, predisposing lesions, morphology, clinical Urinary system pathology o clinical manifestations of renal diseases o congenital anomalies of the kidney including cystic diseases pathogenesis, morphology, clinical o glomerulonephritis classification, pathogenesis, morphology including immunofluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy, clinical o systemic diseases with glomerular involvement i.e., systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus and amyloidosis morphology, clinical o acute tubular necrosis pathogenesis, morphology, clinical o tubulointestitial nephritis etiology and types o pyelonephritis etiology, pathogenesis, types, morphology, clinical o renal transplantation indications, types of rejection, drug toxicity, clinical o tumors of the kidney classification, predisposing factors, morphology, clinical signs o urinary tract obstruction causes, morphology, consequences o cystitis etiology, morphology, clinical o tumors of the urinary bladder classification, predisposing factors, morphology, clinical signs Endocrine glands pathology o pituitary adenoma classification, morphology, clinical signs o hypopituitarism definition, etiology, clinical features o posterior pituitary syndromes clinical signs o hyper- and hypothyroidism definitions, etiology, clinical o goiter, toxic goiter, non-toxic-goiter, parenchymatous goiter, multinodular goiter o definitions o Graves disease and multinodular goiters pathogenesis, morphology, clinical o thyroiditis etiology, morphology, clinical o tumors of the thyroid gland classification, genetic and environmental factors, morphology, o clinical hyper- and hypoparathyroidism definitions, etiology, morphology, clinical 5

6 o hyperadrenalism clinical syndromes, etiology, morphology, clinical o adrenal insufficiency classification, causes, morphology, clinical o tumors of the adrenal cortex and the medulla classification, morphology, clinical o diabetes mellitus types, pathogenesis of main forms of diabetes and its complications, morphology, clinical, complications o tumors of pancreatic islet cells types, morphology, clinical signs o multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes classification, clinical Alimentary system pathology (part 1) o inflammations of the oral cavity etiology, morphology, clinical o tumors of the oral cavity classification, precursor lesions, morphology, clinical o odontogenic tumors and cysts general division; ameloblastoma morphology, clinical o sialadenitis etiology, morphology o Sjogren syndrome etiology, pathogenesis, morphology, clinical o tumors of the salivary glands classification, anatomical location, morphology, clinical o esophagitis etiology, morphology, complications o achalasia, hiatal hernia, diverticula, Mallory-Weis syndrome and esophageal varices pathogenesis, clinical o Barrett esophagus definition, morphology, clinical significance o tumors of the esophagus classification, risk factors, morphology, clinical Alimentary system pathology (part 2) o gastritis types, pathogenesis, morphology, clinical o acute gastric ulceration and chronic peptic ulcer pathogenesis, anatomical location, morphology, complications o Helicobacter pylori infection significance in pathology o tumors of the stomach classification, predisposing factors, morphology, early gastric cancer, clinical o enterocolitis etiology, morphology, clinical features o malabsorption syndromes definition, types, pathogenesis of celiac disease, clinical features o idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis, distribution of lesions, morphology, clinical features, differences between Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis o ischemic bowel disease predisposing factors, anatomical location, morphology, clinical features o diverticular disease definition, anatomical location, morphology, clinical o intestinal obstructions causes, clinical features o Hirschprung disease pathogenesis, morphology, clinical o tumors of the large and small intestine classification, epidemiology, predisposing factors, morphology, anatomical location, staging of colorectal cancer, clinical o intestinal polyps definition, classification, morphology, significance o appendicitis etiology, morphology, complications o peritonitis etiology, morphology, complications 6

7 Alimentary system pathology (part 3) o morphologic patterns of hepatic injury o hepatic failure causes, clinical manifestations o liver cirrhosis etiology, pathogenesis, classifications, morphology, consequences, main causes of liver cirrhosis in children o portal hypertension causes, clinical o viral hepatitis characteristics of viruses, clinicopathologic syndromes, morphology, consequences o metabolic liver diseases examples, pathogenesis, clinical significance o primary and secondary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis causes, morphology, consequences o circulatory disorders of the liver types, causes, morphology, clinical manifestations o tumors and tumor-like lesions of the liver classification, predisposing factors, morphology, clinical signs o cholelithiasis and cholecystitis predisposing factors, pathogenesis, morphology, clinical o carcinoma of the gallbladder predisposing factors, morphology, clinical o acute and chronic pancreatitis etiology, pathogenesis, morphology, clinical o tumors of the pancreas classification, risk factors, precursor lesions, morphology, anatomical location, clinical Skin pathology o the basic macro- and microscopic terms used in dermatopathology o classification of skin tumors o disorders of pigmentation and benign tumors of melanocytes types, morphology, significance o malignant melanoma epidemiology, predisposing factors, types, morphology, staging systems, clinical signs, prognostic factors o benign epithelial tumors of the skin typical location, morphology, clinical o malignant epithelial tumors of the skin predisposing factors, morphology, clinical o non-epithelial tumors of the skin examples, morphology, clinical o blistering diseases pathogenesis, morphology, clinical Nervous system pathology o increased intracranial pressure and herniations causes, morphology, types of herniation, clinical signs, consequences o cerebral oedema nad hydrocephalus definition, types, causes, consequences o traumatic vascular injuries types, causes, morphology, clinical signs, consequences o cerebral infarction causes, types, morphology, clinical signs o subarachnoid hemorrhage causes, common locations of saccular aneurysms, morphology, clinical signs, consequences o intracerebral hemorrhage causes, morphology, clinical signs, consequences o meningitis and brain abscess etiology, morphology, clinical signs, consequences o meningoencephalitis etiology, morphology, clinical o transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (prion diseases) examples, causative agents, pathogenesis, morphology, consequences 7

8 o demyelinating diseases definition, examples, pathogenesis, morphology, clinical signs o degenerative diseases definition, examples, pathogenesis, morphology, clinical signs o tumors of central nervous system classification, grading, morphology, clinical signs Bones and joints pathology/soft tissue tumors o healing of bone fractures o osteoporosis definition, types, pathogenesis, morphology, clinical o Paget disease (osteitis deformans) pathogenesis, morphology, clinical, significance o osteomyelitis types, causes, morphology, complications o tumors and tumor-like lesions of bones classification, predisposing factors, anatomical locations, morphology, clinical o fibrous dysplasia pathogenesis, types, anatomical location, morphology, clinical signs, consequences o osteoarthritis pathogenesis, anatomical location, morphology, clinical o rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis, anatomical location, morphology, clinical, consequences o gout and gouty arthritis types pathogenesis, predisposing factors, anatomical location, morphology, clinical o tumors and tumor-like lesions of joints examples, morphology, clinical features o tumors and tumor-like lesions of soft tissue classification, general features, origin, morphology, clinical features Lymphoid system pathology o acute and chronic non-specific lymphadenitis etiology, morphology, clinical o basic rules of WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms o Hodgkin lymphoma definition, etiology, pathogenesis, types, clinical, prognosis o selected non-hodgkin lymphomas i.e., chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, mycosis fungoides/ Sezary syndrome incidence, morphology, typical cytogenetic and molecular features, clinical, prognosis o splenomegaly definition, causes, morphology o thymomas definition, classification, morphology, clinical Bone marrow pathology o acute myelogenous leukemia definition, pathophysiology, FAB classification, morphology, clinical o myelodysplastic syndromes definition, morphology, clinical, o chronic myeloproliferative disorders pathophysiology, morphology, laboratory data, clinical o anemias definition, classification, pathogenesis, morphology, clinical features o acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma incidence, morphology, typical cytogenetic and molecular features, laboratory data, clinical features, prognosis o multiple myeloma definition, pathogenesis, morphology, laboratory data, clinical 8

9 Male genital system pathology patomorfologia.lublin.pl o congenital malformations of male genital system examples, significance o inflammations of the penis etiology, clinical features o tumors of the penis classification, precursor lesions, morphology, clinical o atrophy of the testis etiology, morphology, clinical significance o vascular disturbances of testis and surrounding tissues causes, morphology o orchitis and epididymitis etiology, morphology, significance o tumors of the testis classification, risk factors, morphology, diagnosis, clinical o prostatitis etiology, morphology, clinical o benign prostatic hyperplasia pathogenesis, morphology, consequences o carcinoma of the prostate epidemiology, etiology, anatomical location, morphology, grading system, clinical Female genital system pathology (part 1) o infections of lower female genital tract etiology, clinical o pelvic inflammatory disease etiology, morphology, complications o non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of vulva types, morphology, consequences o tumors of the vulva classification, risk factors, precursor lesions, morphology, clinical o tumors of the vagina classification, risk factors, precursor lesions, morphology, clinical o tumors of the uterine cervix classification, epidemiology, risk factors, precursor lesions, morphology, staging system, diagnosis, clinical o adenomyosis and endometriosis definition, pathogenesis, distribution, morphology, clinical o endocervical and endometrial polyps definitions, morphology, consequences o endometrial hyperplasia (endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia) predisposing factors, types, morphology, consequences o tumors of the uterine corpus classification, epidemiology, predisposing factors, morphology, staging system of adenocarcinoma, clinical o gestational trophoblastic disease pathogenesis, types, morphology, clinical Female genital system pathology (part 2) o non-neoplastic and functional ovarian cysts etiology, morphology, clinical significance o tumors of the ovary classification, risk factors, epidemiology, morphology, clinical o inflammations of fallopian tubes etiology, morphology, consequences o cysts and tumors of fallopian tubes incidence, examples, clinical signs o ectopic pregnancy definition, anatomical location, morphology, consequences Breast pathology o clinical manifestation of breast diseases o inflammations of the breast etiology, morphology, consequences o benign epithelial lesions pathogenesis, types, morphology, clinical significance o benign epithelial and stromal-epithelial tumors of the breast incidence, morphology, o carcinoma of the breast epidemiology, risk factors, classification, anatomical location, morphology, diagnosis, clinical signs, prognostic and predictive factors 12

10 o male breast gynecomastia, carcinoma Diseases of infancy and childhood o congenital anomalies definition, etiology, types o prematurity and fetal growth restriction definition, risk factors, complications o perinatal infections routes of transmission, causes, morphology, consequences o neonatal respiratory distress syndrome pathogenesis, predisposing factors, morphology, clinical signs, consequences o hydrops fetalis definition, etiology, pathogenesis, morphology, clinical features o sudden infant death syndrome epidemiology, pathogenesis, morphology o cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis) pathogenesis, morphology, clinical o tumors and tumor-like lesions of infancy and childhood histological types, incidence, pathogenesis, morphology, anatomical location, prognostic factors, clinical 12