CONTROL OF THE THYROID GLAND. Regulation of Its Normal Function and Growth

Transcription

1 CONTROL OF THE THYROID GLAND Regulation of Its Normal Function and Growth

2 ADV ANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY Editorial Board: NATHAN BACK, State University of New York at Buffalo IRUN R. COHEN, The Weizmann Institute of Science DA VID KRITCHEVSKY, Wistar Institute ABEL LAJTHA, N. S. Kline Institute for Psychiatrie Research RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan Recent Volumes in this Series Volume 254 MECHANISMS OF LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION AND IMMUNE REGULATION II Edited by Sudhir Gupta and William E. Paul Volume 255 CALCIUM PROTEIN SIGNALING Edited by H. Hidaka Volume 256 ENDOTOXIN Edited by Herman Friedman, T. W. Klein, Masayasu Nakano, and Alois Nowotny Volume 257 THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO VIRAL INFECTIONS Edited by B. A. Askonas, B. Moss, G. Torrigiani, and S. Gorini Volume 258 COPPER BIOAVAILABILITY AND METABOLISM Edited by Constance Kies Volume 259 RENAL EICOSANOIDS Edited by Michael J. Dunn, Carlo Patrono, and Giulio A. Cinotti Volume 260 NEW PERSPECTIVES IN HEMODIAL YSIS, PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, ARTERIOVENOUS HEMOFILTRATION, AND PLASMAPHERESIS Edited by W. H. Horl and P. J. Schollmeyer Volume 261 CONTROL OF THE THYROID GLAND: Regulation of Hs Normal Function and Growth Edited by Ragnar Ekholm, Leonard D. Kohn, and Seymour H. Wollman A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.

3 CONTROL OF THE THYROID GLAND Regulation of Its Normal Function and Growth Edited by Ragnar Ekholm University of Göteborg Göteborg, Sweden Leonard D. Kohn and Seymour H. Wollman National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC

4 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Control of the thyroid gland: regulation of its normal function and growth / edited by Ragnar Ekholm, Leonard D. Kohn, and Seymour H. Wollman. p. cm. (Advances in experimental medicine and biology; v. 261) Proceedings of a symposium held Mar ,1989, in Bethesda, Md. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Thyroid gland - Physiology - Congresses. 2. Thyroid gland - Growth - Congresses. 3. Growth factors-physiological effect-congresses. 1. Ekholm, Ragnar. II. Kohn, Leonard D. III. Wollman, Seymour H. [DNLM: 1. Receptors, Thyroid Hormone-physiology-congresses. 2. Thyroid Gland - physiology - congresses. 3. Thyroid Hormones - physiology - congresses. WK 202 C ] QP188.T54C /4-dc20 DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress CIP Proceedings of a symposium on the Control of the Thyroid Gland: Regulation of Its Normal Function and Growth, held March 20-21, 1989, at the National Institutes of Health, in Bethesda, Maryland 1989 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1989 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1989 AII rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

5 PREFACE This volume presents the proceedings of a symposium on the "Control of the thyroid gland~ regulation of its normal function and growth," held at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland on March 20 and 21, Our motivation for the organization of this symposium was the fast development in re cent years of our understanding of the regulation of the thyroid - and the progress in the field of cell regulation in general - which have led to profound modifications of our view of the control of the thyroid. Not so many years aga the thyroid was thought to be controlled by one regulator, the pituitary TSH, which with cyclic AMP in the role of second messenger was considered to express or regulate most or all processes in the gland. In the last several years it has been weil documented that hormones other than TSH and various growth factors are involved in thyroid growth control and it has been increasingly clear that several hormones and neurogenic agents are obligate participants in the regulation of thyroid function. In addition, not only new agonists acting on the thyroid have been revealed, but new transducer and second messenger systems have been discovered. In particular the interest has been - and isfocused on the signals emanating from the hydrolysis of the inositol phospholipids, comprising the inositol trisphosphate/ca2~ pathway and the diacylglycerol/protein kinase C pathway. Since these new signal systems must be coordinated with the Hold" systems, the regulatory network has become very complex. Parallel with the development of these new areas in the field of thyroid regulation our understanding of the TSH system has been modified and essentially improved with respect to the pituitary - thyroid interrelation, the structure and function of TSH and the structure and function of the TSH receptor. v

6 PREFACE The proceedings deal with almost all aspects of thyroid regulation and surnrnarizes the current state of our understanding of this biologically and clinically important issue. We think that this volume will be a valuable source of information not only to thyroidologists and endocrinologists in general, but also to researchers in other fields who are interested in cell regulation. The Editors

7 CONTENTS The Thyroid as a Model Endocrine System J. Robbins THE PITUITARY-THYROID AXIS What Controls Thyroid Growth - That Is, Thyroid Size. 5 L.J. DeGroot The Pituitary-Thyroid Regulatory System P.R. Larsen 11 Thyroid Stimulating Hormone: Structure and Function. 27 J.A. Magner THYROID REGULATORS: NEUROGENIC AGENTS, HORMONES, IODIDE Characterization of Receptors for Insulin and Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 on FRTL-5 Thyroid Cells 105 N. Perrotti, C.M. Rotella, F.V. Alvarez, L.D. Kohn, and S. Taylor Regulatory Peptides in the Thyroid Gland T. Grunditz, F. Sundler, R. Hakanson, and R. Uddman Receptors of the Thyroid: The Thyrotropin Receptor Is Only the First Violinist of a Symphony Orchestra L.D. Kohn, M. saji, T. Akamizu, S. Ikuyama, O. Isozaki, A.D. Kohn, P. Santisteban, J.Y. Chan, S. Bellur, C.M. Rotella, F.V. Alvarez, and S.M. Aloj Excess Iodide Inhibits the Thyroid by Multiple Mechanisms J. Wolff vii

8 viii CONTENTS SIGNALS AND TRANSDUCTION G Protein-Linked Receptors in the Thyroid D. Corda, C. Bizzarri, M. Di Girolamo, S. Valitutti, and A. Luini ADP Ribosylation and G Protein Regulation in the Thyroid J.B. Field, F. Ribeiro-Neto, M. Taguchi, W. Deery, C.S. Sheela Rani, and D. Pasquali The Inositide and Arachidonic Acid Signal System E.G. Lapetina The Arachidonic Acid Signal System in the Thyroid: Regulation by Thyrotropin and Insulin/IGF-I K. Tahara, M. Saji, S.M. Aloj, and L.D. Kohn REGULATION OF GROWTH AND FUNCTION Integrated Regulation of Growth and Function M.C. Eggo and G.N. Burrow Regulation of Growth and Differentiation in Follicle Cells M.C. Eggo, M.A. Christine Pratt, G.P. Becks, and G.N. Burrow Transducing Systems in the Control of Human Thyroid Cell Function, Proliferation, and Differentiation J.E. Dumont, A. Lefort, F. Libert, M. Parmentier, E. Raspe, S. Reuse, C. Maenhaut, P. Roger B. Corvilain, E. Laurent, J. Mockel, F. Lamy, J. Van Sande, and G. Vassart Thyroid Specific Gene Expression A.J. Sinclair, R. Lonigro, D. Civitareale, and R. Di Lauro Index