Trees for Better Communities: Economics & Livability
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1 Trees for Better Communities: Economics & Livability Dr. Kathleen Wolf College of the Environment University of Washington January 2011
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3 Ecosystem Services! intangible (vs. tangible products)! human life support! emerging/new markets
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5 City Trees & Nature Ecosystem Services! Air pollutants reduction! Nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment interception! Carbon emissions reduction & sequestration! Urban heat-island cooling! Reduced bad ozone! Stormwater runoff reduction! Wildlife habitat
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7 Image courtesy of the Center for Urban Forest Research
8 Image courtesy of the Center for Urban Forest Research
9 Image courtesy of the Center for Urban Forest Research
10 Image courtesy of the Center for Urban Forest Research
11 Why are city trees & urban greening important? human health, functioning, & well-being
12 Civic Nature A Competitive Advantage nature in cities beautification and aesthetics ecosystem services economic value
13 Richard Florida the Creative Class
14 NUCFAC 2009 Annual Report Trees & Nature Benefits messages health quality of life community advantage public values
15 Finding that study......
16 Research Reviews first phase: June 2010 summaries complete: Dec 2010 additional products June sponsors: Univ of WA; USDA Forest Service, U&CF Program; ARRA
17 a treasure trove!
18 1,706 articles % distribution
19 City Trees & Nature Active Living
20 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1985 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
21 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1986 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
22 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1987 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
23 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1988 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
24 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1989 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
25 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1990 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
26 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1991 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
27 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1992 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
28 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1993 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
29 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1994 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
30 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1995 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
31 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1996 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
32 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1997 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19%!20% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
33 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1998 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19%!20% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
34 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1999 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19%!20% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
35 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 2000 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19%!20% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
36 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 2001 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% 24%!25% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
37 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 2002 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% 24%!25% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
38 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 2003 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% 24%!25% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
39 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 2004 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% 24%!25% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
40 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 2005 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% 24% 25% 29%!30% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
41 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 2006 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% 24% 25% 29%!30% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
42 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 2007 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% 24% 25% 29%!30% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
43 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 2008 (*BMI!30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person) doubling of U.S. obesity rate since 1980s No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% 24% 25% 29%!30% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
44 Age-adjusted % of adults aged!20 years who are obese, 2007 CDC s Division of Diabetes Translation. National Diabetes Surveillance System available at MMWR 58: , 2009
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46 majority of Americans not active enough goal-30 minutes per day of moderate activity to reduce risk factors for chronic diseases "(heart, stroke, cancer, diabetes) significant costs to national health services" $168 billion medical costs 17% of all U.S. medical costs CDC
47
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49 parks, open spaces & trails
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52 Nature, Human Health & Walkable Neighborhoods! Outcomes: Elderly People & Walking! less illness! lower mortality rate! Environments: Neighborhood Streets (Tokyo)! tree - lined! parks Takano, Nakamura, Watanabe Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health#
53 1,706 articles % distribution
54 Kaplan, R Landscape and Urban Planning."
55
56 bottom line = $$ benefits of trees & nature the better office cubicle!
57 hospital healing gardens: cancer treatment, depression, reduced pain, grieving, dementia, schizophrenia health $$ savings Donovan et al. Health & Place increase in canopy cover = fewer low weight births
58 City Trees & Nature Property & Retail Markets! Residential real estate values - 3-7% with trees in yard! Residential real estate values %, proximity to natural open space! Commercial property rental rates - 7%! Improved consumer environments in business districts % product spending
59 Trees & Retail Environments Research
60 Trees & Shopper Environments Research Research Questions trees and visual quality? trees and consumer behavior? trees and product pricing? partners: U of Washington, NGOs, business organizations funded by USDA Forest Service
61 1. Place Perceptions" Place Character" Interaction with Merchants" Quality of Products 2. Patronage Behavior" travel time, travel distance" duration & frequency of visits" willingness to pay for parking" Place Marketing 3. Product Pricing" higher willingness to pay for all types of goods" higher in districts with trees 9-12%" Relationship Marketing"
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63 ALPHA: Awaji Landscape Planning & Horticulture Academy
64 typical retail street in urban Japan
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66 Namba Parks, Osaka view from nearby hotel
67 interior retail space ground level
68 small plazas, retail entry
69 passive nature experiences
70 Namba Parks: retail success & nature experience benefits
71 Green Roof - Chicago City Hall high-rise nature, preferred views energy savings, stormwater management 71
72 Summary city trees & nature = ecosystem services environmental services + human health & well being benefits to individuals/communities = economic value
Trees Do It All! Nature & Human Health
Trees Do It All! Nature & Human Health Dr. Kathleen Wolf College of Forest Resources University of Washington February 2009 City Trees & Forests Benefits Categories! "environmental! "economic! "psychological!
Ecosystem Services in the City Urban Greening & Public Health
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Putting Well-being in Its Place deep connections with nature for health
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