Ecosystem Services in the City Urban Greening & Public Health

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1 Ecosystem Services in the City Urban Greening & Public Health Kathleen Wolf, Ph.D. College of the Environment University of Washington ACES :: December 2010

2 Why are city trees & urban greening important? human health, functioning, & well-being

3 Improving Air Quality USDA Forest Service, Center for Urban Forest Research

4 Reducing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide USDA Forest Service, Center for Urban Forest Research

5 Reducing Stormwater Runoff USDA Forest Service, Center for Urban Forest Research

6 Conserving Energy USDA Forest Service, Center for Urban Forest Research

7 Ecosystem ES... a social Services construction Typology MEA 2005 cultural services in the urban context?

8 Urbanization Trends (USFS) > 80% of US population lives in urbanized areas

9 urbanism: *efficiencies *smaller footprint *livable cities *conservation of working lands *location choice Green Metropolis: Why Living Smaller, Living Closer, and Driving Less are the Keys to Sustainability David Owen, 2009

10 i-tree Suite of Software Urban Environmental Services USDA Forest Service

11 An Integrated Approach

12 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES All sites CAN provide ecosystem services 2009 Sustainable Sites Initiative

13 Evidence-based Metrics HUMAN HEALTH & WELL-BEING SOILS MATERIALS VEGETATION HYDROLOGY 2009 Sustainable Sites Initiative

14 2009 REPORT Guidelines & Performance Benchmarks Site Selection Pre-Design Assessment Site Design Water Site Design Soil and Vegetation Site Design Materials Site Design Human Health & Well Being Construction Operations and Maintenance Monitoring and Innovation released November 2009 Sustainability Certification: Outdoor Environments 2009 Sustainable Sites Initiative

15 PROJECT SCHEDULE Guidelines and Performance Benchmarks Draft 2008 Released November 2008 Guidelines And Performance Benchmarks 2009 with Rating System Released November 2009 Pilot Projects Phase From Reference Guide Target publication Sustainable Sites Initiative

16 Community Gardens food security :: community cohesion

17 Green Roof - Chicago City Hall high-rise nature, preferred views energy savings, stormwater management

18 Stewardship Volunteers collaborative resource management Elinor Ostrom

19 hospitals: healing gardens

20 Elders & Horticulture Therapy

21 The High Line :: June 2009

22 Nature & Livable Cities measurable services?

23 Research Reviews sponsors: University of Washington USDA Forest Service, U&CF Program NGO partners

24 Research Reviews first phase: June 2010 summaries complete: Dec 2010 additional products

25 Urban Green :: Public Health & Well Being 1,584 articles % distribution

26 majority of Americans not active enough goal-30 minutes per day of moderate activity to reduce risk factors for chronic diseases (heart, stroke, cancer, diabetes) significant costs to national health services $168 billion medical costs 17% of all U.S. medical costs CDC 2010

27 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1985 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

28 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1986 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

29 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1987 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

30 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1988 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

31 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1989 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

32 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1990 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

33 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1991 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

34 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1992 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

35 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1993 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

36 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1994 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

37 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1995 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

38 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1996 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

39 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1997 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

40 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1998 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

41 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1999 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

42 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 2000 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

43 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 2001 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% 24% 25% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

44 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 2002 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% 24% 25% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

45 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 2003 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% 24% 25% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

46 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 2004 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% 24% 25% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

47 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 2005 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% 24% 25% 29% 30% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

48 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 2006 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% 24% 25% 29% 30% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

49 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 2007 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% 24% 25% 29% 30% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

50 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 2008 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person) doubling of U.S. obesity rate since 1980s No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% 24% 25% 29% 30% Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

51 City Trees & Nature Active Living

52

53

54 parks, open spaces & trails

55 make room for pedestrians

56 walkable places = health & happiness

57 Nature, Human Health & Walkable Neighborhoods Environments: Neighborhood Streets (Tokyo) tree - lined parks Outcomes: Elderly People & Walking less illness lower mortality rate Takano, Nakamura, Watanabe Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

58 1,584 articles gap analysis % distribution

59 Future Research? expand ES Cultural Services benefits metrics framework extract geospatial signatures valuation units

60

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