INTERNATIONAL FOOD INFORMATION COUNCIL. Food Psychology: Why We Eat More Than We Think. Speaker Disclosure 6/22/2017

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "INTERNATIONAL FOOD INFORMATION COUNCIL. Food Psychology: Why We Eat More Than We Think. Speaker Disclosure 6/22/2017"

Dwayne Howard
5 years ago
Views:

1 Food Psychology: Why We Eat More Than We Think Dr. Jim Painter, PhD, R.D. University of Texas-Houston School of Public Health Speaker Disclosure Jim Painter Board Member/Advisory Panel California Raisin Marketing Board, Sun-Maid Growers of California, the Wonderful Company, American Heart Association Eat Well Task Force Consultant Davison s Safest Choice, National Dairy Council Speaker s Bureau Abbott Nutrition Other Speaker honorarium underwritten by Davison s Safest Choice Eggs. Honoraria for talks: Dietitians of Canada, Exxon Mobil, Frito Lay, Pennsylvania Nutrition Network, California Raisin Marketing Board, Alaska Tanker Company, Dairy Max, Texas AND, California AND, Florida AND, MINK, NY AND, South Carolina AND, Iowa AND, Nebraska AND, Manitoba Dairy Farmers, Dairy Farmers of Canada. Food and Health Survey 215 INTERNATIONAL FOOD INFORMATION COUNCIL 1

2 What Drives Consumer Choices? IFIC 215 Data IFIC DATA out of 5 Americans are Trying to Lose Weight or Maintain their Current Weight IFIC DATA 215 Obesity Trends Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 199 (*BMI 3, or ~ 3 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person) Source: CDC.gov 2

8 % of Females with BMI >3 in 28 7 6 5 4 3 2

3 8 % of Females with BMI >3 in Obese Females CDC Gary Foster Penn State ADA 3

4 Are poor food choices the cause? Why are Americans gaining weight I. Lack of exercise II. Sedentary lifestyles III. Stress/pressure IV. Advertising V. Genetic VI. Deep emotional needs, DR Phil VII. Haven t found the right diet Premise for today! We lose track of how much we are eating What Effect Consumer Choice? 1. Portion Size 2. Shape and Size 3. Visibility 4. Food Labels 5. Visual Cues I. Portion size 1. Restaurants 4

Historical Glance Food/Bev Introduction Size at 22 sizes intro(oz) Budweiser 1936 7.

9 McD burger 1955 1.6 1.6,3.2,4. 8. Soda-BK 1954 12., 16. 12.,16., 22.,32. 42.

(231-234) Then and Now... Cookies 2 years ago 55 calories 1.

5 Historical Glance Food/Bev Introduction Size at 22 sizes intro(oz) Budweiser ,12,22,4 Hershey bar ,2.6,4. 7.,8. BK fry ,4.1, McD burger ,3.2,4. 8. Soda-BK , ,16., 22., Young & Nestle, 23. JADA Expanding Portion Sizes in the us Marketplace. ( ) Then and Now... Cookies 2 years ago 55 calories 1.5 inch diameter Now 275 calories 3.5 inch diameter Then and Now... Cheesecake 2 years ago 26 calories 3 ounces Now 64 calories 7 ounces 5

6 2 Years Ago 21 calories 1.5 ounces Today 5 calories 4 ounces Then and Now... Muffins 2 years ago 3 in diameter 14 calories Then and Now Bagel Today 35 calories Then and Now Spaghetti 2 years ago 1 C. pasta-sauce w/ 3 meatballs 5 calories Today 2 C. pasta-sauce w/3 meatballs 1,25 calories 6

7 2 years ago 333 calories Today 59 calories Monster Burger 142 calories Web video video Then and Now Burger 2 years ago 2.4 oz 21 calories Today 6.9 oz 61 calories Then and now Fries From the monster to the Riley burger 7

From Riley to more madness 7 Calorie Comparison of 7-eleven Coke-a-Cola 6 5 4 3 Calories 2 1 Gulp (2oz) Big Gulp (3oz) Super

com/212/6/7/nyregion/7-eleven-big-gulps-are-immune-from-proposed-new-york-cityban.html?

Bloomberg's plan to prohibit restaurants, mobile food carts, delis and concessions at movie theaters, stadiums or arenas

8 From Riley to more madness 7 Calorie Comparison of 7-eleven Coke-a-Cola Calories 2 1 Gulp (2oz) Big Gulp (3oz) Super Gulp (4oz) Double Gulp (5oz) Legislation on Portion Sizes: Bloomberg New York state Supreme Court Judge Milton Tingling declared invalid Mr. Bloomberg's plan to prohibit restaurants, mobile food carts, delis and concessions at movie theaters, stadiums or arenas from selling sugary drinks in cups or containers larger than 16 ounces. Was to go in effect in March 213 The Wall Street Journal Judge Cans Soda Ban. Retrieved from html 8

9 Other Trends Nestle Toll House cookies recipe yields 6 vs. 1 when written in 1949 Super Size Me Documentaries Portion size me Web video CBS Features Portion Size Me video 9

10 II. Size and Shape of Containers General Finding About Package Size... Study 1. Package Size Study 2. Portion Size Study 3. Serving Shapes Study 4. Shape Study #2 Package Size Increases Consumption People who pour from larger containers eat more than those pouring from small Consistent across 47 of 48 categories Wansink, Brian (1996), Can Package Size Accelerate Usage Volume? Journal of Marketing, Vol. 6:3 (July), General Finding: Package Size Can Double Consumption Spagetti Crisco Oil M&Ms "Small-x" "Medium-2x" "Large 3x" 1 Calorie Packages 1

11 Calorie Intake as a Function of BMI and Packaging Conditions Hungry for Some Stale Movie Popcorn? General Question Does portion size effect consumption? The Field Study (Chicago, IL) 2x2 Design Large vs. X-Large Popcorn (pre-weighed) Fresh vs. 1-day-old Popcorn Wansink, Brian and SeaBum Park (21), At the Movies: How External Cues and Perceived Taste Impact Consumption Volume, Food Quality and Preference, 12:1 (January),

12 We Eat Much More from Big Containers People eat 45-5% more from extra-large popcorn containers They still eat 4-45% more with stale popcorn Wansink, Brian and SeaBum Park (21), ŅAt the Movies: How External Cues and Perceived Taste Impact Consumption Volume,ÓFood Quality and Preference, 12:1 (January), Grams Eaten Fresh 1 Days Old Large Bucket Extra- Large Bucket Do Peripheral Cues Influence Experts with Precise Target Volumes? 48 Philadelphia bartenders Given 4 tall, slender (highball) glasses or 4 short, wide (tumbler) glasses Given 4 full 15 ml bottles and asked to pour Split in to... Less than 5 years experience More than 5 years experience Highball Glass Tumbler Pour gin for gin & tonic Pour rum for rum & Coke Pour vodka for vodka tonic Pour whiskey for whiskey/rocks Wansink, Brian and Koert van Ittersum (23), ŅBottoms Up! Peripheral Cues and Consumption Volume,ÓJournal of Consumer Research. December, forthcoming. When in Philadelphia, Should I Ask for a Tumbler or a Highball Glass? Bartenders poured 28% more alcohol into tumblers than oz 1.5 Tall Highball Glass Short Tumbler Glass < 5 years 5+ years highball glasses Experience doesn t eliminate bias Wansink, Brian and Koert van Ittersum (23), Bottoms Up! Peripheral Cues and Consumption Volume, Journal of Consumer Research. December, forthcoming. 12

13 The Past.. III. The Effect of Visibility and Convenience on Dietary Consumption Gas stations Someone else pumped the gas Fast food You had to go into the restaurant 13

14 METHODS Intervention: Closed candy container containing 3 Hershey kisses replenished daily Three conditions: on top of the desk (visible & convenient) in a desk drawer (not visible & convenient) away from desk (inconvenient) Amount of Candy Consumption According to Condition # of candies consumed on desk in desk 2 meters from desk on desk in desk 2 meters from desk Painter, J., Wansink, B., Hieggelki, J. (22). How Visibility and Convenience Influence Candy Consumption. Appetite 38, METHODS Study design: Length of study: 3 weeks 2 days in each condition 4 foods, grapes, chocolate, carrots & pretzels, were placed in one of 2 conditions Two conditions: On top of the desk (visible & accessible In a desk drawer (not visible & inaccessible) 14

Increase in Dietary Intake When Food is Visible (on desk) Compared to Invisible (in desk) Percent increase 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Grapes Chocolate

The Effect of Visibility and Accessibility of Food on Dietary Intake, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 18(9), A-93 Average

5% 2% Drawer (5) Desk (5) Desk (1) Raisins Boxes Placement and Portions of Raisins Gaydosh, B., & Painter, J. (21).

15 Increase in Dietary Intake When Food is Visible (on desk) Compared to Invisible (in desk) Percent increase Grapes Chocolate Carrots Pretzels From METHODS SLIDE: Study 6: Healthy vs. Snack Foods SOURCE: Painter, J., Snyder, J., Rhodes, K., Deisher, C. 28. The Effect of Visibility and Accessibility of Food on Dietary Intake, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 18(9), A-93 Average Consumption of Raisin Boxes Accessibility and Visibility of Raisins 37.5% 2% Drawer (5) Desk (5) Desk (1) Raisins Boxes Placement and Portions of Raisins Gaydosh, B., & Painter, J. (21). The effect of visibility and quantity of raisins on dietary intake, a pilot study. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 11(9): A32. DOI: 1.116/j.jada IV. Can Labels Change the Taste of Foods? Study 1. Descriptive Labels in the Cafeteria 15

16 Menu Items Used Red beans & rice Seafood filet Grilled chicken Chicken Parmesan Chocolate Pudding Zucchini cookies Traditional Cajun Red beans & rice Succulent Italian Seafood filet Tender Grilled chicken Home-style Chicken Parmesan Satin Dutch Chocolate Pudding Grandma s Zucchini cookies Well, I know what I like --> Maybe Not People evaluate descriptive foods as more favorable Plain Descriptive Taste Texture Calories Wansink, Brian, James M. Painter, and Koert van Ittersum, (21) ŅDescriptive Menu LabelsÕEffect on Sales,ÓCornell Hotel and Restaurant Administrative Quarterly, 42:6 (December), Results: Effects are Less Strong with Desserts Taste Desserts Main & Side Dishes No Label Label Wansink, Brian, James M. Painter, and Koert van Ittersum, (21) Descriptive Menu Labels Effect on Sales, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administrative Quarterly, 42:6 (December),

17 Fine as North Dakota Wine California-labeled wine North Dakotalabeled wine Expected Tastiness of Wine Expected Rating of Wine Tastiness Rating of Cheese Wansink, B., Payne, C. R., & North, J. (27). Fine as north dakota wine: Sensory expectations and the intake of companion foods. Physiology & Behavior, 9(5), doi:1.116/j.physbeh V. Visual cues 1. Soup 2. Pistachios Soup Study Fifty-four participants (72% male) ½ were give a normal bowl ½ were give a refillable bowl Details were not provided about the study But bowls used in the study were different colors Subjects were guessing the purpose of the study. 17

18 Refillable Soup Bowls Increase Consumption, but Not Perception of Consumption Calories Normal Soup Bowls Refillable Soup Bowls Actual Calories Consumed Estimated Calories Consumed Wansink, B., Painter, JE., North, J. 25. Bottomless Bowls: Why Visual Cues of Portion Size May Influence Intake. Obesity Research, 13,1,

19 Implications Portion sizes have increased: at home, eating out and in the grocery stores I. Smaller containers & packages decreases consumption II. Visual cues influence consumption III. Less visible & convenient = less consumption Thank You! 19

Fool Yourself Full: A Mindful Approach to Snacking and Weight Management

Fool Yourself Full: A Mindful Approach to Snacking and Weight Management BRFSS, 199 James Painter, PhD, RD No Data