Natural Products Association Standard and Certification for Natural Home Care Products

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Miranda Holmes
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Natural Prducts Assciatin Standard and Certificatin fr Natural Hme Care Prducts In rder t prtect the cnsumer and best equip the cnsumer and t maximize the cnsumer s wellbeing, we have develped

It encmpasses select hme care prducts including but nt limited t laundry, dish, cncentrated and ready-t-use hard surface cleaners, and wipes.

ingredients limited t allwed synthetics (see Appendix II) What is Natural?

1 Natural Prducts Assciatin Standard and Certificatin fr Natural Hme Care Prducts In rder t prtect the cnsumer and best equip the cnsumer and t maximize the cnsumer s wellbeing, we have develped Natural Prducts Assciatin Standard and Certificatin fr Hme Care Prducts. It is a set f guidelines that will dictate whether a prduct can be deemed truly natural. It encmpasses select hme care prducts including but nt limited t laundry, dish, cncentrated and ready-t-use hard surface cleaners, and wipes. The fllwing is the standard as f April 1, 2017: All prducts that are labeled r branded Natural must: Be made with at least 95% all natural ingredients (nt cunting water) with the remainder f ingredients limited t allwed synthetics (see Appendix II) What is Natural? Ingredients that cme r are made frm a renewable resurce fund in nature (Flra, Fauna, Mineral), with abslutely n petrleum cmpunds. These natural ingredients are made with the fllwing illustrative list f allwed prcesses: Aminatin f Alchls and Fatty Acids Reagents: Ammnia, Alkyl Amine Catalysts: Nickel, Palladium, varius knwn ther reducing agents Agricultural Inputs: Alchls, Acids, Aldehydes, Ketnes Descriptin: The prcess f intrducing an amine int an alchl r fatty acid. Distillatin f Essential Oils Reagents: Water (high-pressure steam) NHC Natural Standard Page 1 f 12 Natural Prducts Assciatin 440 1st Street NW, Ste. 520, Washingtn, DC ph: (202) fax: (202) natural@npainf.rg

2 Catalysts: Nne Agricultural Inputs: plant material (flwers, herbs, spices, etc.) Descriptin: The physical prcess t acquire essential ils frm plant material. Esterificatin OR Transesterificatin t Prduce Esters Reagents: Nne Catalysts: Sulfuric/Phsphric Acid; KCO3, NaCO3, NaOH, r KOH Agricultural Inputs: Acid and Alchl, e.g. Fatty Alchl, Glycerin, Ethanl, Acetic Acid Descriptin: The prcess f frming an ester bnd between and acid and an alchl, can be catalyzed by either an alkali r acid. Etherificatin f Glycerin making PlyGlyceryls Extractin Reagents: Nne Catalysts: Alkali (NaOH r KOH) Agricultural Inputs: Glycerin (prduct f fat-splitting) Descriptin: The prcess f frming ether bnds between tw cmpunds f natural glycerin (see fat-splitting) t frm plyglyceryls by heating with an alkali. Plyglyceryl prducts are indicated with a number t represent the number f glycerin mlecules linked tgether. Reagents: CO2 Catalysts: Nne Agricultural Inputs: Plant material (flwers, herbs, spices, etc.) Descriptin: The physical prcess t acquire plant extracts frm riginal plant material. Fat-Splitting f Oils t Prduce Glycerin and Fatty Acids NHC Natural Standard Page 2 f 12 Natural Prducts Assciatin 440 1st Street NW, Ste. 520, Washingtn, DC ph: (202) fax: (202) natural@npainf.rg

3 Fermentatin Reagents: Water (high-pressure steam) Catalysts: Metal/Metal Cmpund Catalysts (Zinc Oxide, Nickel, Palladium, Platinum) Agricultural Inputs: Triglyceride fats and ils; Carbhydrates, Sugars Descriptin: The prcess f splitting natural fats and ils int glycerin and fatty acids, a kind f hydrlysis. Reagents: Nne Catalysts: Enzymes Agricultural Inputs: Carbhydrates, Sugars, Bacteria, Yeasts, Fungi Descriptin: The prcess f cnverting carbhydrates int alchl and carbn dixide r rganic acids. Glucsidatin f Fatty Alchl and Glucse Reagents: Nne Catalysts: Tluene Sulfnic Acid Agricultural Inputs: Glucse and Fatty Alchl Descriptin: The prcess f attaching glucse t an alchl, a type f etherificatin (e.g. Cc Glucside). Hydrgenatin f Oils Reagents: Hydrgen Catalysts: Nickel, Platinum r Palladium Agricultural Inputs: Triglyceride fat/il usually Descriptin: The prcess by which unsaturated bnds are reduced by the additin f hydrgen with a catalyst, specifically cnverting unsaturated fatty acids t saturated nes r waxes t ils. NHC Natural Standard Page 3 f 12 Natural Prducts Assciatin 440 1st Street NW, Ste. 520, Washingtn, DC ph: (202) fax: (202) natural@npainf.rg

4 Hydrgenlysis f Methyl Esters f an Oil t Make Fatty Alchls Reagents: Hydrgen frm Natural Gas Catalysts: Methanl; Nickel, Platinum, Palladium Agricultural Inputs: Methyl r Ethyl Ester f Triglyceride fat/il (fat/il riginal ag input) Descriptin: The prcess by which hydrgen is utilized t break chemical bnds cnverting a fatty acid ester int the fatty alchl and methyl r ethyl alchl (whichever is used fr the ester). This prcess can als be utilized directly n the fatty acid withut cnversin t the ester first. Hydrlysis f Cmplex Prteins int Simple Amin Acids Reagents: Water Catalysts: Enzymes r Alkali (KOH r NaOH) Agricultural Inputs: Prteins, Carbhydrates, Sugars Descriptin: The prcess f breaking dwn cmplex prteins int water-sluble amin acids r peptides (if partially hydrlyzed). Oxidatin with Mild Agents Reagents: Dilute H2O2, O2, Silver and Cpper salts Catalysts: Silver, Cpper Agricultural Inputs: Plant-based Alchls, Aldehydes Descriptin: The prcess by which alchls and aldehydes are cnverted t acids by xidatin. Prtein Fragment Acylatin t make e.g. Ccyl Glutamate Reagents: KOH r NaOH Catalysts: Phsphrus Trichlride r Thinyl Chlride Agricultural Inputs: Fatty Acid and Prtein Fragment NHC Natural Standard Page 4 f 12 Natural Prducts Assciatin 440 1st Street NW, Ste. 520, Washingtn, DC ph: (202) fax: (202) natural@npainf.rg

5 Descriptin: The prcess f attaching a fatty acid t a nitrgen-cntaining cmpund. The fatty acid is cnverted t a fatty acid chlride befre attachment t the nitrgen f a prtein fragment (e.g. glutamic acid). Sapnificatin f Oils t Make Sap Reagents: Alkali (KOH r NaOH) Catalysts: Nne Agricultural Inputs: Triglyceride fats and ils Descriptin: The prcess by which fats r ils are split int the glycerin and the free fatty acids by the additin f an alkali, a type f hydrlysis. Sulfatin f Fatty Alchl t make e.g. Sdium Cc Sulfate Reagents: Sulfate/SO3 and NaOH Catalysts: Nne Agricultural Inputs: Fatty Alchl Additinal Nte: Sdium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) frm petrchemical surces nt allwed Descriptin: The prcess f cnverting a fatty alchl int the sulfate ester t prduce a surfactant. Sulfnatin f Nn-Alchls t make Sulfnated Aninics (methyl esters, etc.) Reagents: SO2, SO3, Sulfuric Acid Catalysts: Nne Agricultural Inputs: Methyl r Ethyl Ester f Triglyceride fat/il (fat/il riginal ag input) via dehydrated plant-based alchl Descriptin: The prcess by which an SO3 grup is attached t the carbn atm f esters. NHC Natural Standard Page 5 f 12 Natural Prducts Assciatin 440 1st Street NW, Ste. 520, Washingtn, DC ph: (202) fax: (202) natural@npainf.rg

6 An allwed synthetic* nn-natural ingredient (see Appendix II) can be used: Only when there is nt a readily available, cmmercially viable, natural alternative ingredient equivalent Only when there are n suspected human health hazards as identified by appearing in the authritative lists f prhibited ingredients Only when required fr trade-acceptable prduct Only when made using allwed prcesses Only when synthetic des nt appear n the Prhibited Prcesses nr Prhibited Ingredients list belw At n mre than a 5% cumulative level in the final frmulatin (calculatins d nt include water) *Synthetic definitin is based n the NOP definitin and is a substance which has been frmulated r manufactured by a chemical prcess utside f the list f allwed prcesses r was derived frm a surce ther than a naturally ccurring plant, mineral r animal surce. Ingredients that are prhibited: Animal-based materials where the animal is harmed By-prducts f animal renderings Ingredients that have suspected human health hazards as indicated by authritative rganizatins and appearing n the Prhibited Substance lists: N carcingens 1, mutagens 2 r reprductive txicants 3 1 Carcingens: IARC Grup 1, 2A, 2B; REACH Carcingens 1, 2; NTP Knwn r Reasnably Anticipated Human Carcingens; EPA IRIS; Prp 65 Carcingen (relevant expsures fr cnsumer prduct use r manufacturing); NIOSH Ptential Carcingen; EPA IRIS Carcingen Assessment NHC Natural Standard Page 6 f 12 Natural Prducts Assciatin 440 1st Street NW, Ste. 520, Washingtn, DC ph: (202) fax: (202) natural@npainf.rg

7 N endcrine disruptrs 4 N ingredients identified as hazardus waste 5 N envirnmentally persistent, biaccumulative, r txic cmpunds 6 Ingredients that are made with, but nt limited t the fllwing prcesses: Prcesses which are incnsistent with the 12 Principles f Green Engineering 7 Prcesses which create undesirable by-prducts r impurities such as 1,4-dixane, parabens, heavy metals, frmaldehyde, such as: Benzene prcessing which creates parabens Acidificatin f ethxylates which prduces 1,4 dixane Petrlatum/Mineral Oil/Paraffin prduced frm petrchemical surces which cntain undesirable impurities Prcesses which create carcingens, mutagens, reprductive txins, r endcrine disruptrs Prcesses which use ingredients r create by-prducts that culd becme hazardus waste Prcesses which use r create envirnmentally persistent, biaccumulative, txic, r neurtxic cmpunds 2 Mutagens: REACH Mutagen Categry 2 3 Reprductive and Develpmental: Prp 65 Devel; Prp 65 Male, Female Repr; REACH Repr Tx 1, 2 4 Endcrine Disruptrs: EU Cat 1, 2 and with data quality categry DQ1 5 Hazardus Waste: RCRA lists U, P, D 6 CERCLA/SARA 313 PBT; EU POPs; RCRA Waste Minimizatin; EPA Pririty; Interim Review fr the Strategy fr Cperatin and Netwrking Between EU Member States and EFSA PBT Assessment; EU vpvt 7 P. Anastas, 2003, NHC Natural Standard Page 7 f 12 Natural Prducts Assciatin 440 1st Street NW, Ste. 520, Washingtn, DC ph: (202) fax: (202) natural@npainf.rg

8 Prcesses which use animal by-prducts where the animal is harmed The fllwing is an illustrative list f classificatins f ingredients that are prhibited (see Appendix III fr a lnger list f prhibited ingredients): Parabens Synthetic preservatives that are ptential endcrine disrupters Petrlatum/Mineral Oil/Paraffin Nn-renewable byprducts f crude il with ptentially dangerus impurities Synthetic Glycls Petrleum derived synthetic chemicals that can ptentially draw ther chemicals int the bldstream Phthalates Synthetic fragrance cmpnents that are ptential txins Ethxylated ingredients (like Sdium Myreth Sulfate and Sdium Laureth Sulfate, PEGs r PPGs) which are made in part with the petrchemical ethylene xide and results in 1,4 Dixane as a trace cntaminant (1,4 Dixane classified as a pssible carcingen) Ethanlamines like MEA/DEA/TEA Fam and viscsity bsting ingredients that can interact with ther ingredients t frm nitrsamines, a knwn carcingen Synthetic plymers (PVP/Acrylates) that cntain residual PAHs (plycyclic armatic hydrcarbns) Frmaldehyde Dnrs (DMDM Hydantin/ Diazlidinyl Urea) Preservatives that wrk by releasing frmaldehyde Synthetic fragrances Synthetic clrants Other Prduct Requirements: N animal testing except where required by law Transparency and full disclsure f ingredients n prduct label per CSPA Vluntary Ingredient Cmmunicatins Prgram utilizing INCI labeling standards NHC Natural Standard Page 8 f 12 Natural Prducts Assciatin 440 1st Street NW, Ste. 520, Washingtn, DC ph: (202) fax: (202) natural@npainf.rg

9 Cmpliance with FTC and NAD guidelines Strive t maximize use f recyclable and PCR materials in packaging Other Requirements fr Prduct Certificatin under the NPA Natural Prgram: All ingredient infrmatin (i.e. raw material surces, prcessing infrmatin) must be disclsed in submissin dcumentatin Prduct Certificatin term is tw years and prducts will be reviewed every tw years t maintain certificatin NHC Natural Standard Page 9 f 12 Natural Prducts Assciatin 440 1st Street NW, Ste. 520, Washingtn, DC ph: (202) fax: (202) natural@npainf.rg

10 Appendices Natural Prducts Assciatin Standard and Certificatin fr Natural Hme Care Prducts I. Illustrative list f allwed natural ingredients II. Allwed synthetic* (AS) ingredients thse temprarily allwed in the standard: Ntes: Nn-paraben, nn-frmaldehyde-dnating synthetic preservatives Methylisthiazlinne Phenxyethanl Dehydracetic acid Sdium Benzate Ptassium Srbate Ttal use f allwable synthetic ingredients may nt exceed 5% f the ttal frmula (calculated withut water) These synthetic ingredients are reviewed annually fr eliminatin frm the standard These synthetic ingredients may nt cntain any f the prhibited ingredients r prhibited prcesses III. Prhibited ingredients illustrative (i.e., nn-exhaustive) list A. By Types/Classes: Synthetic Petrchemical Ingredients Synthetic Preservatives nt therwise specifically allwed Synthetic Fragrances Synthetic Clrants Cmpunds with ethxylate, PEG r the suffix -eth in the ingredient name Cmpunds with sarcsinate in the ingredient name Cmpunds with "MEA", "DEA" r "TEA" in the ingredient name Cmpunds with taurate in the ingredient name Cmpunds with sultaine in the ingredient name Cmpunds with sulfsuccinate in the ingredient name Cmpunds with PPG in the ingredient name NHC Natural Standard Page 10 f 12 Natural Prducts Assciatin 440 1st Street NW, Ste. 520, Washingtn, DC ph: (202) fax: (202) natural@npainf.rg

11 B. Specific ingredients: Ammnium Lauryl Sulfate Amdimethicne Behentrimnium Methsulfate Butylene glycl Carbmer Ceteareth-20 Cetrimnium Chlride Cc DEA Ccamidprpyl Betaine Cyclpentasilxane Diazlidinyl Urea Dimethicne Disdium Ccamphdiacetate EDTA Ethylene Glycl EthylHexylGlycerin Glycereth-7 Ccate Isceteth 20 Isprpyl Palmitate Lauramide MEA Lauryl DEA Methxycinnamate Olefin Sulfnate Oleyl Betaine Parabens (methyl, prpyl, butyl, etc.) PEG-150 Distearate PEG-7 Glyceryl Ccate Plyquaternium 10 Sdium Ccyl Sarcsinate Sdium Hydrxymethylglycinate Sdium Laureth Sulfate Sdium Lauryl Sarcsinate NHC Natural Standard Page 11 f 12 Natural Prducts Assciatin 440 1st Street NW, Ste. 520, Washingtn, DC ph: (202) fax: (202) natural@npainf.rg

12 Sdium Lauryl Carbxylate Sdium Lauryl Sulfacetate Sdium Myreth Sulfate Syamidprpalknium Chlride Stearamidprpyl Dimethyl Amine Nte: Includes synthetic silicne r petrleum cmpunds that are nt specifically excepted elsewhere in the standard The Natural Standard requires all clrants in finished prducts t be all natural t receive certificatin. This eliminates any clrant ingredients that require the use f petrchemical materials fr prcessing as well as ther synthetically-surced additives. The Natural Standard requires all fragrances in finished prducts t be all natural t receive certificatin. This effectively eliminates fragrance ingredients that require the use f petrchemical slvents fr extractin as well as synthetically-surced additives, these fragrance ingredients include abslutes, cncretes, gums, resins, exudates, essential ils, islates and chemicals*. *Any natural fragrance ingredients are allwed, if the extractin/prcessing uses an allwed prcess as stated in The Natural Standard. NHC Natural Standard Page 12 f 12 Natural Prducts Assciatin 440 1st Street NW, Ste. 520, Washingtn, DC ph: (202) fax: (202) natural@npainf.rg

Chapter 21: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions

Chapter 21: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions Chapter 21: Carbxylic Acid Derivatives: Nuclephilic Acyl Substitutin Reactins 21.1 Naming Carbxylic Acid Derivatives Naming Acid Halides, RCOX Naming Acid Anhydrides, RCO 2COR Naming Esters, RCO 2R 1.