Anatomy: Cardiovascular System

Transcription

1 In the name of God Anatomy: Cardiovascular System Moradian MD, MPH, PhD candidate Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2015

2 The Cardiovascular System A closed system of the heart and blood vessels The heart pumps blood Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body The function of the cardiovascular system is to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 2

3 The Heart Location Thorax between the lungs Pointed apex directed toward left hip About the size of your fist. Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 3

4 The Heart Figure Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 4

5 The Heart: Coverings پریکارد فیبروزی )لیفی( سروزی )اپی کارد( جداری احشایی Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 5

6 The Heart: Coverings Pericardium a double serous membrane Visceral pericardium Next to heart Parietal pericardium Outside layer Serous fluid fills the space between the layers of pericardium Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 6

7 The Heart: Heart Wall Three layers Epicardium Outside layer This layer is the parietal pericardium Connective tissue layer Myocardium Middle layer Mostly cardiac muscle Endocardium Inner layer Endothelium 7 Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

8 Serous membrane Continuous with blood vessels 8

9 The Heart: Heart Wall 9

10 The Heart: Chambers Right and left side act as separate pumps Four chambers Atria Receiving chambers Right atrium Left atrium Ventricles Discharging chambers Right ventricle Left ventricle Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 10

11 Chambers of the heart; valves 11

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13 Blood Circulation Figure Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 13

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15 The Heart: Valves Allow blood to flow in only one direction Four valves Atrioventricular valves between atria and ventricles Bicuspid valve (left) Tricuspid valve (right) Semilunar valves between ventricle and artery Pulmonary semilunar valve Aortic semilunar valve Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 15

16 The Heart: Valves Valves open as blood is pumped through Held in place by chordae tendineae ) heart strings ( Close to prevent backflow Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 16

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18 Operation of Heart Valves Figure Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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20 The Heart: Associated Great Vessels Aorta Leaves left ventricle Pulmonary arteries Leave right ventricle Vena cava Enters right atrium Pulmonary veins (four) Enter left atrium Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 20

21 External Heart Anatomy Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.2a 21 Slide 11.5

22 Coronary Circulation Blood in the heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system Coronary arteries Cardiac veins Blood empties into the right atrium via the coronary sinus Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 22

23 Coronary Arteries These arteries supply blood to the heart 85% is supplied by the left coronary artery The left coronary artery divides into the left anterior descending and circumflex arteries 23

24 Coronary Veins 24

25 Heart Contractions Figure Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 25 Slide

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31 Blood Vessels: The Vascular System Taking blood to the tissues and back Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules / سرخرگ ها/ شریان سرخرگ هاي كوچك مویرگ ها سیاهرگ هاي كوچك شریانچه وریدچه سیاهرگها / وریدها Veins / Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 31

32 The Vascular System Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.8b 32

33 Differences Between Blood Vessel Types Walls of arteries are the thickest Lumens of veins are larger Skeletal muscle milks blood in veins toward the heart Walls of capillaries are only one cell layer thick to allow for exchanges between blood and tissue Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 33

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35 Movement of Blood Through Vessels Most arterial blood is pumped by the heart Veins use the milking action of muscles to help move blood Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure

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52 See pp for all circuits 52

53 Jugular Vein 53

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70 Pacemakers Assists the heart in generating a perfusing rhythm. Can be either a single or dual chamber. May function constantly or on demand. 70