One system involved in exercising is the respiratory system. The respiratory system includes three main parts breathing, lungs and blood.

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Julian Elliott
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1 By Andrea.K 2012 Grade 3 There are many different systems that help us exercise and the three main systems are the respiratory system which is about how we breathe, the circulatory system which is about how are heart works and the muscular system which is about are muscles. Respiratory system One system involved in exercising is the respiratory system. The respiratory system includes three main parts breathing, lungs and blood.

2 Breathing The first thing that happens in the respiratory system is breathing. We inhale a gas called oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. We automatically breathe every second of every second of every day. I bet you re wondering were oxygen goes next. Well secondly, oxygen travels down your trachea (also called wind pipe). Inside are little microscopic hairs called cilia, they pick up mucus and dirt. While they filter they move gently. Okay, the time you ve been waiting for the muscle that a dome, the diaphragm. When we inhale the diaphragm contracts and the lungs inflate. When we exhale the lungs deflate and diaphragm relaxes. The diaphragm is located under your lungs.

Lungs The main muscle in the respiratory system is the lungs.

The rib cage protects your lungs. The lungs are pink and squishy.

When trachea splits into two it s called the bronchus.

3 Lungs The main muscle in the respiratory system is the lungs. The lungs are located in your chest, on your diaphragm and behind your rib cage. The rib cage protects your lungs. The lungs are pink and squishy. The left lung is smaller than the right to make room for the heart. When trachea splits into two it s called the bronchus. The bronchus job is to transport the air into the lungs. The plural for bronchus is bronchi. The bronchi leads into your lungs and are connected to little thin tubes called bronchioles. Bronchioles are tiny tubes that get oxygen alveoli at the end of them. There are 30,000 in each lung and keep getting smaller.

There are 600,000,000 alveoli altogether. Blood Capierllieas are blood vessels that surround the alveoli.

4 Alveoli are tiny air sacks clumped together at the end of each bronchiole. The alveoli jobs is to transport oxygen to the blood and alveoli are surrounded by tiny blood vessel called Capierllieas. There are 600,000,000 alveoli altogether. Blood Capierllieas are blood vessels that surround the alveoli. The capillaries are so small that the blood cells are in a single file. The blood gets rid of a gas called carbon dioxide and the blood takes the oxygen around the body. Exercise When you exercise your respiratory system goes faster. You need 3 litres or more of air, 50 times a minute, that s 450 litres per minute.

5 Circulatory System By Andrea The second system involved not only exercise but every day, every second of every hour is the circulatory system. The circulatory system is the circulation of blood around your body. Heart The heart is the main organ (muscle) in the circulatory system. It is located in your chest, on the left, near the middle. It is in that that particular location because it close to all important organ, it also easier pump blood to the

6 upper body. It is behind your rib cage and in a sack located at in your left lung. The rib cage provides protection. The heart is the size of its owner s clenched fist and looks a reddish colour. The heart is a hollow bag with four chambers in side also known as cardiac muscle. This is a special and different muscle, it never gets tired. There are 4 chambers within the heart. There are two sides of the heart, left and right which are separated by a muscle layer called interventircula septune. Firstly, the left side pumps blood around the body. There is a left atruim,its job is to receive oxygenated blood from the lungs and send it to the left ventrical. The bicuspid valve, is the valve between the left atrium and ventrical, it opens, letting the blood into the left ventrical. From here it s pumped to the aorta and finally around

7 the body. The process is the same on the right, except it receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the lungs. The valve is called the tricuspid valve. You want to know what tells your heart to beat, nerves! The nerves the make the heart beat faster are called the sympathetic nerve and the nerve that tells are heart to beat slowdown is called parasympathic nerve. Do you know how it works? Well the brain sends little impulses (messages) to make your heart beat and this happens automatically. This is called autonomic nervous system. 3 circulations Within the circulatory system there are three smaller circulations. One of them is the coronary circulation it is the circulation from the body to the heart. The vessels around the heart are called

8 coronary vessel vessels. Their job is to deliver nutrients and oxygen to the heart muscle, it also carries away waste away to the kidneys and its always working. The second circulation is pulmonary circulation which is the circulation of blood to and away from the lungs. There s a smaller circulation of blood to larger airways of the lungs called bronchial circulation. This supplies nutrients and oxygen to larger airways. The third and last circulation is called systemic circulation. This is the circulation of blood around the body. It also is how the blood gets its nutrients and oxygen to the body cells. It also disposes of waste. Another important part of the circulatory system is blood vessel. There are three different types.

9 First I will talk about what a blood vessel made of. The first blood vessel is the artiers. The artiers have four layers and is surrounded by nerves. The first layer is the tunica adventitia, this is the outer layer and is surrounded by nerves. The second layer is tunica media, it is a muscle layer. The muscle is thick so it can create a higher pressure. There s one more layer called tunic intima, it is the inner lining and is made out of endothid cells. In veins and arteries there s a hollow centre called lumen. Lumen is smaller in artiers to create a higher pressure. The second blood vessel is called capillaries. Capillaries have only one layer of endothial cell. Its job is to get oxygen to the blood and take out carbon dioxide from body cells. The last blood vessel is veins they transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart and to the lungs. The veins have same structures but with

10 some differences. The lumen is wider because it is a low pressure system. The tunica media is thinner and like the lumen it is a low pressure system. It contains valves to stop blood from going in the wrong direction and act as a reservoir, to allow the blood to pool. It has a muscle pump to pump the blood along. The appearance of a blood vessel is different to what you might think. Blood vessel appear red and blue in text book this is to separate arteries and veins. However, are actually white. Veins that are under the skin appear blue because light can t penetrate the skin. As we know there are different types of blood vessel arteries, capillaries and veins First of them are the arteries they make a system called arterial and run deep in the body to protect them. They transport oxygen around the

11 body and have a higher pressure to pump the blood. Arteries synchronized with the heart so when the pump the arteries pump too, you feel this as a pulse. Arteries actually become smaller and turn into arterials. Everyone s arteries are in the same place. If you cut artery because there is so much pressure it will squirt like a water gun. The second blood vessel is capilliaries. Arteries filter blood into capillaries, capilliaries then deposits oxygen to body cells. Cells also send carbon dioxide and waste back through the capillaries into the blood. The last blood vessel is veins. They make up the venous system. Veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart and to the lungs. Unlike arteries they have a low pressure system and if they were cut they would dribble. They keep getting bigger from capilliaries and become venules then veins. Most of them are just beneath the skin.

12 Blood vessels are not just around your body, they re around your heart too. The first of them is the pulmonary artery. This carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. Another blood vessel is the pulmonary vein, this carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. The third blood vessel is the aorta. The aorta is the largest artery in your body. It job is to take oxygenated blood from the left ventricle and send it around the body. And the last blood vessel is the vena cava. It has two main veins. One vein returns blood from the upper body to the heart, this is called superior vena cava. The other returns blood from the lower body to the heart, this is called the inferior vena cava. Blood Blood travels inside your blood vessel where it s safe. There are four main parts in the blood. The

13 first is the red blood cells. The red blood cells are what makes the blood red and it also delivers oxygen to body cells and takes carbon dioxide back to the lungs. They make over half the volume of blood. The second blood cell is the white blood cell. They fight off viruses and germs and helps clean the blood. It is the biggest cell in your blood. The third blood cell is platelets, they are the smallest cell in your blood, and they help your blood to clot when you get a cut. The last part is actually a liquid and is called plasma. Plasma is a watery substance and carries nutrients to give to the body cells. The other parts of the blood float around in the plasma. The plasma also carries waste to the kidneys and body control substances like hormones. Blood doesn t just deliver nutrients and oxygen, it also heats your body. Blood heats body by taking heat from busy places, like your heart,

lungs and liver. Your blood spreads this heat around your body evenly. Kidneys Kidneys aren t really in the circulatory system, but play important part.

14 lungs and liver. Your blood spreads this heat around your body evenly. Kidneys Kidneys aren t really in the circulatory system, but play important part. The kidneys clean the blood of physical waste and send to the bladder. Our body disposes of it through urine. The kidneys have some feature as well as the heart does. You might have guessed it, but you have two kidneys, however you can live with one, but is more effient to have two. They are located in your back below the middle and are a shape of a bean. The kidneys have 1,000,000 filters called nephrons and are located in the cortex in your kidneys. The tube that lets waste dribble into your bladder is called ureter.

15 Exercise When you exercise your circulatory system accelerates and your hearts pumps faster. Your blood disposes of more waste and your body s cell s need more nutrients and oxygen.

27 Swimming is exercise

28 This book will tell you about what goes on in your body when you exercise. Can you guess the three main systems? That is right the respiratory, circulatory and muscular system. By Andrea

By Semih. The first system is about the respiratory system. It provides our body with the oxygen it needs and gets rid of carbon dioxide.

By Semih. The first system is about the respiratory system. It provides our body with the oxygen it needs and gets rid of carbon dioxide. By Semih Exercise is very important to our body. Exercise is an everyday activity and it keeps your body fit and healthy. There are 3 main systems involved are the respiratory system, the circulatory system