The Cardiovascular. Parts and Functions

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1 The Cardiovascular Parts and Functions

2 Parts The cardiovascular system consists of 3 major parts that work together. 1- Heart 2- Lungs 3- Blood Vessels

3 Blood Vessels There are blood vessels that carry oxygenrich blood and others that carry carbondioxide rich blood. Veins - Carry carbon dioxide-rich blood and flow toward the heart. Arteries - Carry oxygen-rich blood and flow away from the heart.

4 Arteries The largest artery in the human body is the Aorta. Arteries divide into Arterioles (smaller arteries) and then into capillaries (where gas exchange occurs). The only artery that carries carbon dioxide rich blood is the pulmonary artery.

5 Veins The largest veins in the body are the superior and inferior vena cavae. Veins divide into smaller veins known as venuoles and then into capillaries. The only vein that carries oxygen rich blood is the pulmonary vein.

6 The Flow of Blood Blood in the heart flows to the lungs and the rest of the body in a specific direction. 1- Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae 2- Right Atrium 3- Right Ventricle 4- Pulmonary Artery 5- Lungs 6- Pulmonary Vein 7- Left Atrium 8- Left Ventricle 9- Aorta 10- Arteries 11- Arterioles 12- Capillaries 13- Venoules 14- Veins 15- Back to the top...

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8 1- Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae - largest veins in the body. Carry blood from all the veins into the heart. 2- Right Atrium - Collects blood from the vena cavae and pumps it into the right ventricle. 3- Right Ventricle - Pumps blood into the pulmonary artery towards the lungs. 4- Pulmonary Artery - Carries oxygen depleted blood to the lungs where it will pick up oxygen and drop off carbon dioxide. 5- Lungs - Gas exchange occurs via diffusion across the alveoli. Oxygen is picked up and Carbon Dioxide is dropped off. 6- Pulmonary Vein - Carries oxygen rich blood to the left atrium. 7- Left Atrium - Pumps oxygen rich blood into the left ventricle. 8- Left Ventricle - Pumps blood into the aorta where it will flow to the rest of the body.

9 9- Aorta - Largest artery in the body. Divides into smaller arteries. 10- Arteries - Carry oxygen rich blood to the body tissues. 11- Arterioles - Carries oxygen rich blood to the body tissues. 12- Capillaries - Smallest of all the blood vessels. In the body tissues gas exchange occurs here. 13- Venoules - Carry oxygen depleted blood from the body tissues towards the heart. 14- Veins - Collects oxygen depleted blood from the venoules to the Vena Cavae.

10 The Heart Your heart is about the size of your fist. It pumps 5 Litres of blood throughout the bodies blood vessels. It beats approximately 70 times per minute during rest. Your maximum heart rate is equal to age.

11 Blood Vessels Strung together end to end, your blood vessels could circle the earth 2.5 times. There are various types of blood vessels.

12 Blood Responsible for transporting oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other nutrients and wastes throughout the blood stream. Contains plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

13 Red Blood Cells Make up 40-50% of the blood volume. Also known as erythrocytes. These cells have no nuclei, so they cannot divide via mitosis. They die within 120 days. Are produced in the bone marrow continuously. Transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carbon dioxide from the body tissues to the lungs by binding to hemoglobin.

14 White Blood Cells Make up only 1% of the blood. Lymphocytes, Macrophages, and Granulocytes Known collectively as leukocytes. Are a major part of the immune system. Protect our body from infection by seeking out and destroying bacteria, viruses, and fungi. These cells only live for hours.

15 Platelets Are produced in the bone marrow. Are not cells, they are simply cell parts. Clot wounds by plugging up the ruptured tissue and releasing coagulating chemicals. These cells only live for 9-10 days.

16 Plasma Makes up 55% of the blood volume. Is made up of 95% water, some protein, and salt. Carries all the other blood cells throughout the blood vessels.

17 Blood Types Blood types are categorized according to antibodies A and B that are either present or absent from the blood cells. There are several types of blood. A, B, AB, or O (has no antibodies). Blood types are also categorized according to whether a Rhesus factor is present or not. Rh+ or Rh-. So now we can also have A+, A-, B+, B-, O+, and O-.

18 Homework Pages 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59,

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Essential questions What are the structures of blood? What are the structures of the circulatory system? circulatory system 2 Structures of the circulatory