Endocrine System Hormones & Homeostasis. Regents Biology
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1 Endocrine System Hormones & Homeostasis
2 Homeostasis Homeostasis maintaining internal balance in the body organism must keep internal conditions stable even if environment changes also called dynamic equilibrium example: body temperature humans: too cold = shiver too warm = sweat lizard: too cold = bask in sun too warm = hide in shade
3 Regulation How we maintain homeostasis nervous system nerve signals control body functions endocrine system hormones chemical signals control body functions
4 Nervous System Control Controlling Body Temperature nerve signals Feedback brain sweat high body temperature low dilates surface blood vessels constricts surface blood vessels shiver brain nerve signals
5 Hormones Why are hormones needed? chemical messages from one body part to cells in other parts of body communication needed to coordinate whole body maintaining homeostasis growth hormones
6 Endocrine System Endocrine system releases hormones glands which secrete (release) chemical signals into blood chemicals cause changes in other parts of body growth hormones sex hormones response hormones metabolism hormones and more.
7 Responding to hormones Lock and key system hormone fits receptor on target cell target cell secreting cell can t read signal nontarget cells can t read signal
8 Glands Pineal melatonin Pituitary Thyroid many hormones: master gland thyroxine Adrenal adrenaline Pancreas Ovary Testes insulin, glucagon estrogen testosterone
9 Maintaining homeostasis hormone 1 Feedback gland lowers body condition high specific body condition low raises body condition gland hormone 2
10 Negative Feedback Response to changed body condition if body is high or low from normal level signal tells body to make changes that will bring body back to normal level once body is back to normal level, signal is turned off gland hormone 1 lowers body condition high specific body condition
11 Endocrine System Control Regulation of Blood Sugar insulin Feedback pancreas body cells take up sugar from blood liver stores sugar reduces appetite high blood sugar level (90mg/100ml) low liver triggers hunger liver releases sugar pancreas liver glucagon
12 Everyone s doing it, so Ask Questions!! 2006-
13 Endocrine System Hormones & Reproduction
14 Sex & Growth Hormones Large scale body changes how do they work turn genes on start new processes in the body by turning genes on that were lying dormant
15 Pituitary gland hormones Sex & reproductive hormones FSH LH follicle stimulating hormone stimulates egg & sperm production luteinizing hormone stimulates ovaries & testes prepares uterus for fertilized egg oxytocin stimulates childbirth contractions releases milk in nursing mothers prolactin milk production in nursing mothers hormones hormones
16 Reproductive hormones Testosterone from testes sperm production & secondary sexual characteristics Estrogen from ovaries egg production, preparing uterus for fertilized egg & secondary sexual characteristics
17 Male reproductive system Sperm production over 100 million produced per day! ~2.5 million released per drop!
18 seminiferous tubule sperm spermatocytes
19 Male reproductive system Testes & epididymis sperm production & maturation Glands seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethal produce seminal fluid nutrient-rich
20 Male reproductive system Testicles produces sperm & hormones Scrotum sac that holds testicles outside of body Epididymis where sperm mature Vas deferens tubes for sperm to travel from testes to penis Prostate, seminal vesicles, Cowper s (bulbourethal) glands nutrient rich fluid to feed & protect sperm
21 Female reproductive system
22 Female reproductive system Ovaries produces eggs & hormones Uterus nurtures fetus; lining builds up each month Fallopian tubes tubes for eggs to travel from ovaries to uterus Cervix opening to uterus, dilates 10 cm for birthing baby Vagina birth canal for birthing baby
23 Female reproductive system
24 Egg maturation in ovary releases progesterone maintains uterus lining produces estrogen
25 Menstrual cycle Controlled by interaction of 4 hormones FSH & LH estrogen progesterone egg development estrogen LH FSH ovulation = egg release corpus luteum progesterone lining of uterus days
26 ovary Female reproductive cycle estrogen egg matures & is released (ovulation) builds up uterus lining Feedback corpus luteum FSH & LH pituitary gland GnRH no progesterone maintains uterus lining pregnancy fertilized egg (zygote) yes HCG corpus luteum progesterone hypothalamus corpus luteum breaks down progesterone drops menstruation maintains uterus lining
27 Female hormones FSH & LH released from pituitary stimulates egg development & hormone release peak release = release of egg (ovulation) Estrogen released from ovary cells around developing egg stimulates growth of lining of uterus decreasing levels causes menstruation Progesterone released from corpus luteum in ovaries cells that used to take care of developing egg stimulates blood supply to lining of uterus decreasing levels causes menstruation
28 Fertilization
29 Placenta Food & gases diffuse across blood vessels
30 Any Questions??
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