Dox. R26-rtTA Tyr-CreERT2. any ink/arf, no rtta (n=8) ink/arf +/+ (n=5) Day 0 Day 11 Day 18 Day 28

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1 A 4OHT Dox hraf iip tumors inras ddh 2 O -RT Ink/Arf / Pten l/ l R26-lsl-rtTA Tyr-reERT2 TetO-hRAF V6E Ink/Arf / Pten / R26-rtTA Tyr-reERT2 TetO-hRAF V6E Ink/Arf / Pten / R26-rtTA Tyr-reERT2 TetO-hRAF V6E Gapdh N T N T PTEN l PTEN D Melanoma-Free Survival ink/arf -/- (n=9) ink/arf +/- (n=11) ink/arf +/+ (n=5) any ink/arf, no rtta (n=8) Days Post-4OHT/Dox E Melanoma-Free Survival 5 -Dox, -4OHT (n=131) +Dox, +4OHT (n=14) 3 Days Post-4OHT/Dox 4 Day Day 11 Day 18 Day 28 Supplemental Figure S1. haracterization of the iip Mouse. A, Schematic of the iip mouse model. The base phenotype is Ink/Arf-null. After topical tamoxifen administration, Pten is floxed out and rtta is activated via removal of the stop cassette. Doxycycline can now activate the RAF transgene, and is restricted to tamoxifen-treated melanocytes., RTPR for human RAFV6E transgene expression in iip tumors, no reverse transcriptase on one tumor, and an inras tumor., PR genotyping of two pairs of matched normal and tumor tissue showing floxing out of the PTEN locus. D, Kaplan-Meier survival curve of iip mice treated with 1ul of 1uM 4OHT and dietary doxycycline, showing dependence on Ink/Arf status for tumor latency. E, Kaplan-Meier survival curve of iip mice with or without treatment with 1ul of 1uM 4OHT and dietary doxycycline. F, representative mouse with longitudinal pictures showing tumor regression off doxycycline.

2 A RTK luster MAPK Rebound luster Drug-naive prb-s81/811 cn1 FoxM1 im leaved aspase 7 log2 Fold-change vs Median TGA: PTEN vs RTKs 1.5 PTEN focal deletion PTEN mutation 1. PTEN wt p per2 per3 pmet Supplemental Figure S2. A, human samples showing effects of RAF inhibition on selected proteins, normalized to the matched pre-treatment samples. Only 1 paired A samples are available for RPPA analysis., heirarchical clustering of iip mouse samples showing similarity between MAPK-Rebound resistant samples and drug-naive samples., PTEN status versus RTK activation status in the TGA melanoma RPPA dataset. A ps79 A1 AMPK pt172 AMPK alpha eclin-g- L3a-R-NA ax ad ps112 ak cl-xl id im aspase-7 cleavedd198 Rb ps87 S811 yclin 1 eif4g FoxM1 Paxillin eef2k yclin D1 p27 N-adherin E-adherin Annexin I PK-alpha ps657 Fibronectin V2 aveolin-1 MAPK pt2 Y4 MEK1 MEK1 ps217 S221 -Raf p9rsk p9rsk pt359 S363 -Raf ps338 eif4e ps9-r-na 4E-P1 pt37 T46 4E-P1 S6 ps24 S244 eif4e 4E-P1 ps65 S6 ps235 S236 4E-P1 pt7 mtor ps2448 mtor Rictor pt1135 Raptor TS1 p7s6k pt389 Rictor Akt ps473 Akt GSK3 ps9 GSK3-alpha-beta ps21 S9 PRAS4 pt246 Akt pt38 p7s6k PI3K-p11-alpha PDK1 ps241 PDK1 PI3K-p85 IRS1 PTEN HER3 c-kit c-met py1235 HER3 py1298 py1173 py168 HER2 py1248 NDRG1 pt346 YAP ps127 FASN I2 beta-atenin Gab2 eef2 PK-pan etaii ps66 TIGAR p62-r-na hk1 ps345 DJ-1 ciap YAP hk2 pt68 JNK2 DK1 PDD4 Src py416 Notch1 PEA zeta Dvl3 p38 MAPK NF2 Smad1 Src py527 TAZ NF-k-p65 ps536 p27 pt157 ER-alpha ps118 FOX3a Tuberin Y-1 ps12 TTF1 INPP4-G-E XR1 RM15 JNK pt183 pt185 Smad3 laudin-7 PR ollagen VI STAT5-alpha AVRL1 TRF PK-delta ps664 p27 pt beta Rab25 p38 pt18 Y182 hk1 Y-1 Rab11 PEA15 ps116 p53 Stathmin ER-alpha Lck AR STAT3 py75 53P1 c-myc MYH11

3 Hyper-MAPK RTK Supplemental Figure S3. Immunohistochemistry for perk (red) and DAPI (blue) on human patient samples. H&E slides of the same area are also shown.

4 Supplemental Figure S4 A 25 RAF mrna A 2 25A 9A1A 1 15A 34A A 2 25A 9 9A 1A A 7 34A A RAF gdna Normal Human gdna Melanoma No Amplification Melanoma Amplification Supplemental Figure S4. Analysis of the RAF locus. A, relative expression of RAF across all human samples., relative expression of genes surrounding the RAF locus., quantitative PR analysis of the RAF locus, including one negative and one positive control melanoma described in (47).

5 Supplemental Figure A A 27 25A 28 1A 15A 4 9A A Y Y YE5.1 YE48.2 YE48.3 YE51.1 YE51.3 YE48.1 YE YE E F A 6 9A A A A A D Hyper-MAPK MAPK Rebound RTK Supplemental Figure S5. Supervised and unsupervised clustering of RPPA and RNA-seq data. A, lustering of resistant human and mouse samples solely by perk and pmek RPPA data., lustering by the RNA-seq ERK signature of, all samples and, all resistant samples. D, lustering of all samples by the RNA-seq ERK and cell cycle signatures. E, F. Unsupervised clustering using the top 2.5% most variable genes for E, all samples and F, only the resistant

6 Supplemental Figure 6 A RPPA prtks A375 phage per3log2 Fold-change RTK Resistant Patient Samples A375 Overexpression per3 pmet pmet p p pher2 pher2 Normalized OD 1..5 ER2 MET ER log2[dabrafenib] nm Normalized OD WM88 phage log2[dabrafenib] nm D p-y1173 perk ERK ps6 Vinculin nm dabrafenib Supplemental Figure S6. In vitro RTK analyses. A, Quantification of RTK overexpression by RPPA, showing similar levels in A375 (vs ) and in patient RTK tumor samples (vs pretreatment samples)., Unnormalized dose-response curve from Fig. 5A., effect of overexpression on WM88 growth in monolayer. D, Western blot of MAPK and mtor pathway markers in the absence or presence of nm dabrafenib in WM88 cells.

7 Supplemental Figure S7 Pre-treatment vs PFS orrelation FWER = Pre-treatment vs PFS Anti-orrelation FWER =.9 Pre-treatment vs REIST orrelation FWER =.128 Pre-treatment vs REIST Anti-orrelation FWER =.139 On-treatment vs PFS orrelation FWER = On-treatment vs PFS Anti-orrelation FWER = On-treatment vs REIST orrelation FWER = On-treatment vs REIST Anti-orrelation FWER =.32 Supplemental Figure S7. GSEA plots of selected significant pathways identified for each sample-clinical outcome comparison.

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