The Massachusetts General Hospital Handbook of Pain Management

Transcription

1 The Massachusetts General Hospital Handbook of Pain Management Second Edition Editor Jane Ballantyne, M.D., FRCA Director, MGH Pain Center Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Massachusetts General Hospital Assistant Professor of Anesthesia Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Associate Editors Scott M. Fishman, M.D. Chief, Division of Pain Medicine Associate Professor of Anesthesiology University of California, Davis Davis, California Salahadin Abdi, M.D., PH.D. Director, Pain Fellowship Program Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Massachusetts General Hospital Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology Harvard Medical School - - Boston, Massachusetts Foreword by Howard L. Fields, M.D., PH.D. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKJNS A Wolters Kluwer Company Philadelphia Baltimore New York London Buenos Aires Hong Kong Sydney Tokyo

2 Contents Contributing Authors Foreword Preface Definitions and Abbreviations ix xiii xv xvii I. General Considerations 1. Neural Basis of Pain 3 Gary J. Brenner 2. Pain Mechanisms and Their Importance in 19 Clinical Practice and Research Jsabelle Decosterd and Clifford J. Woolf 3. The Placebo Effect 27 Brian W. Dubois and Paul J. Christo II. Diagnosis of Pain 4. The History and Clinical Examination 37 Jan Slezak and Asteghik Hacobian 5. Diagnostic Imaging and Pain Management 47 OnassisA. Caneris 6. Assessment of Pain 58 Alyssa A. LeBel 7. Neurophysiologic Testing in Pain Management 76 Annabel D. Edwards III. Therapeutic Options: Pharmacologic Approaches 8. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs 87 Jane Ballantyne 9. Opioids 103 Jeffrey Uppington 10. Adjuvant Treatments 125 Robert S. Cluff 11. Psychopharmacology for the Pain Specialist 138 Daniel M. Rockers and Scott M. Fishman

3 vi Contents IV. Therapeutic Options: Nonpharmacologic Approaches 12. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures in Pain Management 155 Salahadin Abdi and YiLi Zhou 13. Interventional Treatment for Chronic Pain 197 Milan Stojanovic 14. Neurosurgical Interventions for Chronic Pain 215 G. Rees Cosgrove and Emad Eskandar 15. Psychosocial and Behavioral Approaches 224 David K. Ahem 16. Physical Therapy 237 Harriet M. Wittink and Theresa Hoskins Michel 17. Physical Medicine in the Treatment of Pain 245 Joseph F. Audette 18. Acupuncture 255 May C. M. Pian-Smith 19. Chronic Pain Rehabilitation 262 Elizabeth Loder, Penelope Herbert, and Patricia McAlary 20. Radiotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals for Cancer Pain 272 Thomas F. DeLaney V. Acute Pain 21. Postoperative Pain in Adults 283 Elizabeth Ryder and Jane Ballantyne 22. Postoperative Pain in Children 306 William T. Denman and Jane Ballantyne 23. Pain in Burn Patients 322 Salahadin Abdi and Bucknam J. McPeek 24. Pain Management in Sickle Cell Disease 328 Jatinder S. Gill VI. Chronic Pain 25. Neuropathic Pain Syndromes 339 John D. Markman and Anne Louise Oaklander

4 Contents vii 26. Complex Regional Pain Syndromes 360 Katharine H. Fleischmann and Edward Lubin 27. Back and Neck Pain 373 Shihab U. Ahmed 28. Headache 389 F. Michael Cutrer and Pramit Bhasin 29. Facial Pain 411 Martin A. Acquadro and Avine M. Lydon 30. Opioid Therapy in Chronic Nonmalignant Pain 428 Scott M. Fishman and Jianren Mao 31. Pain in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome 437 Steven P. Cohen VII. Pain Due to Cancer 32. Pain in Adults with Cancer 453 Jeffrey A. Norton and Annabel D. Edwards 33. Control of Pain in Children with Chronic and Terminal Disease 470 Alyssa A. LeBel and Christine N. Sang 34. Palliative Medicine 479 Andrew T. Putnam and J. Andrew Billings VIII. Special Situations 35. Chronic Opioid Therapy, Drug Abuse, and Addiction 495 Barth L. Wilsey and Scott M. Fishman 36. Pain and Affective Disorders 506 Daniel M. Rockers and Scott M. Fishman 37. Emergencies in the Pain Clinic 513 Asteghik Hacobian and Milan Stojanovic Appendices I. Dermatomes and Nerve Distribution 521 II. IASP Classification of Chronic Pain Syndromes 525 III. Useful Addresses and Web Sites 531

5 viii Contents IV. Standards of Treatment: The American Pain Society's Quality Assurance Standards for Relief of Acute and Cancer Pain 539 V. Massachusetts General Hospital Pain Center Guidelines on Prescribing Controlled Substances for Patients with Nonmalignant Chronic Disease 543 VI. VII. Guidelines for the Prescription of Controlled Substances Issued by the Drug Enforcement Agency 545 Food and Drug Administration State Drug Schedules 547 VIII. Drugs Commonly Used in Pain Practice 549 Salahadin Abdi and Jatinder S. Gill Subject Index 569