Animal Health in the Autumn & Winter Period. Dr. Doreen Corridan MVB MRCVS PhD
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1 Animal Health in the Autumn & Winter Period Dr. Doreen Corridan MVB MRCVS PhD
2 Nutrition & minerals Housing- Ventilation, Moisture, Vaccination/Colostrum Stress Avoidance - Space, Social. Parasites- Liver fluke, Lungworm, Stomac worms Bacteria & Viruses Level of Immunity Reduced Immunity Parasites- Liver fluke, Lungworm, Stomac worms Bacteria & Viruses Housing poor ventalitation Challenge of infection
3 Monitor performance- Dosage
4 Pneumonia Pneumonia causes 40% of all deaths But don t forget Clostridials - blackleg
5
6 Fresh air...top biocide a) Inactivation of virus in enclosed air ( ) and in open air (-----) b) Inactivation of virus related to droplet size. (o) > 6um, ( ) 3 6 um, ( ) < 3um. Adapted from Cox, 1987
7 Natural ventilation Need an outlet and inlets Hole in the roof 0.04m 2 per calf 0.1m 2 per weanling/adult Inlet = at least 2 X outlet
8
9 Is this good enough? 230 animals => Outlet required at least 23m 2 Actual Outlet 12m 2
10 Problems Inadequate air inlet
11 Space - Yorkshire Boarding
12 Air speed - Draughts
13 Air speed - Draughts
14 Problems Stale air, overstocking
15 Converted cow house 13/09/2018
16 Creating outlet 13/09/2018
17 Moisture levels Competent drainage No additional moisture Competent ventilation Dry bedding Building materials
18 Maximise Colostrum intake- Hygiene, Easy calving, Cow Nutrition
19 Suckler calves Require Fresh Air No Draughts Dry Lie Remove Moisture Space Own water trough
20 Fresh Air- Mechanically ventilated
21 Avoid Draughts- Stokboard/Conveyor Belt
22 Access to Outside
23
24 Weaning Plan ahead! Make sure calves are healthy free from worms Creep feed calves at least 4 weeks before weaning Avoid abrupt weaning of all animals at the one time Gradual weaning is better! Wean calves in at least 2 separate groups Leave at lease 5 days between each weaning group Quite Wean/Removal of some cows/wire
25 Stress increases cortisol which reduces immune system function Weaning Transport Diet change Mixing Dehorning, castrating
26 PARASITES
27 LIVERFLUKE
28 LiverFluke Treatment
29 LUNGWORM
30 Benefits of vaccination AID in the control of BRD Protect uninfected animals Reduce shedding from infected animals Reduce number of pneumonia cases Improve response to treatment Considerations Cover likely pathogens for full risk period Get immunity in place BEFORE challenge Vaccinate ALL stock in same airspace Avoid (where possible) vaccinating during periods of impaired immune response
31 Tips for vaccine usage Check expiry date before use Keep refrigerated until used Do not stress animal around time of vaccination Read the label and follow label instructions Use hot water only to clean vaccination guns (no disinfectant!) ensure proper function and calibration Use the 2 needle technique Do not mix different vaccines in same bottle, syringe Hygiene- Dry Day Discard left-overs. They do not keep!
32 Rispoval RSV + Pi3 Live RSV and Pi3 vaccine intranasal Single dose (intranasal) Licensed from 9 days of age, suitable for all ages Onset of immunity 5 days for BRSV Onset of immunity 10 days for Pi3 At least 12 weeks established duration of immunity Licensed to give IBR live imtramuscular at the same time
33 Rispoval IBR-Marker live Live IBR vaccine Single dose (intramuscular) Licensed from 3 months of age (from 2 weeks of age i/n) Onset of immunity 3 weeks after vaccination 6 months established duration of immunity Inactivated dose then 12 months
34 BRD vaccination protocols Own weanlings Bovilis Bovipast RSP 2 doses 6 weeks & 2 weeks preweaning/housing Bovilis IBR marker live 1 dose >2 weeks pre-weaning/housing Booster 6 months later + Worm dose Purchased weanlings Bovilis Bovipast RSP 2 doses Day 1 on farm & 4 weeks later Bovilis IBR marker live 1 dose Day 1 on farm Booster 6 months later + Worm dose
35 Pleursy = Pain
36 Treat Promptly
37 Take the temperature
38 Bacteria at 0 hours Adapted from SPAH NFL 596
39 Bacteria at 4 hours Adapted from SPAH NFL 596
40 Bacteria at 8 hours Adapted from SPAH NFL 596
41 Bacteria at 16 hours Adapted from SPAH NFL 596
42 Bacteria at 20 hours 1E+12 1E+12 1E+11 1E+10 1E E+08 1E E Adapted from SPAH NFL 596
43 Bacteria at 24 hours 1E+13 1E E+12 1E+12 1E+11 1E+10 1E E+08 1E E Adapted from SPAH NFL 596
44 When Should You Treat?
45 Keeping Antibiotic s effective for future generationsits everyones responsibility. Right Animal Right Drug Right Dose Right Duration
46 Herdowner 7 Point Plan 1. Work to avoid need for antimicrobials 2. Minimise use 3. Choose the right drug for the right bug 4. Avoid inappropriate use 5. Monitor antimicrobial 6. Record and justify deviations from protocols 7. Report suspected treatment failures
47
48 Monitor performance- Dosage
49 Nutrition Housing- Ventilation, Moisture, Vaccination/Colostrum Stress Avoidance - Space, Social. Parasites- Liver fluke, Lungworm, Stomac worms Bacteria & Viruses Level of Immunity Reduced Immunity Parasites- Liver fluke, Lungworm, Stomac worms Bacteria & Viruses Housing poor ventalitation Challenge of infection
50 Thank you!
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