LIST OF QUESTIONS FOR MODULE 2 and 3 MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY

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1 LIST OF QUESTIONS FOR MODULE 2 and 3 MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 1. General characteristics of piogenic cocci. 2. Staphylococcus, staphylococcus species, differentiation signs of staphylococci. Factor of pathogenicity and toxins. Characteristics of the diseases that they cause and pathogenesis. Laboratory diagnosis, prevention and treatment. 3. Streptococci. General characteristics of the properties and classification of the Streptococci. Hemolytic streptococci group A and their role in human pathology. Laboratory diagnosis and prevention. 4. Streptococcus pneumonia. Serological groups. Their properties and role in human pathology. Laboratory diagnosis. Prevention. 5. The role of Streptococci in the pathogenesis of scarlet fever. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnosics, treatment and prevention. Schick phenomenon; Phenomenon Arystovskogoo-Fanconi. 6. The role of the Streptococcus in the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever. Characteristic of rheumatism cycles. Laboratory diagnosis, prevention and treatment. 7. Gonococcus. General characteristics of gonococci, Asha forms. Disease pathogenesis. Laboratory diagnosis of acute and chronic gonorrea forms. Gonococcal vaccine. Peculiarities of phagocytic reaction with gonorrhea. Treatment. 8. Meningococcus. Characteristic properties of meningococcus. Pathogenesis of the disease. Symtoms. Laboratory diagnostics. Prevention. 9. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Properties. Pathogenicity to humans. Methods of laboratory diagnostic. 10. The causative agent of glanders - general characteristics and pathogenesis of disease. Laboratory diagnostics and treatment. 11. The causative agent of melioidosis. General characteristics of properties, the pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnostics. Prevention and treatment. The Strauss phenomenon. 12. Enterobacteriaceae and their evolution. Classification. The values in human pathology. 13. Escherichia, their properties, pathogenic Escherichia serovars their differentiation. Laboratory diagnostics, prevention and treatment. Immunity. 14. Salmonella. General description. Pathogens of the typhoid and paratyphoid. Pathogenesis of typhoid fever. Salmonella serological classification. Laboratory diagnostics. Prevention and treatment. 15. Salmonella the causative agents of acute gastroenteritis. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnostics. Prevention and treatment. 16. Shigella. General description, classification. The role of toxins and pathogen enzymes in the dysentery pathogenesis. Clinical symptoms, laboratory diagnosis. Prevention and treatment. 17. Klebsiella, general characteristics, classification. Characteristic properties and antigenic structure. The pathogenesis of the diseases that they cause. Specific laboratory diagnosis. 18. Proteus. Proteus properties. Types of Proteus. Etiological role in purulent, mixed and internal hospital infections. The role of Proteus in causing food toxicoinfections. Laboratory diagnostics. Prevention and treatment.

2 19. Helicobacter. Campylobacter. General description. Etiological role in peptic ulcer. Laboratory diagnostics. Prevention. 20. Yersinia. The causative agent of plague disease. General description of the plague causative agent, pathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis. Prevention and treatment. 21. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and enterocolitis. Morphological and physiological properties. Pathogenicity to humans and animals. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnostics. Treatment and immunity. 22. Cholerae. General description vibrio cholera parahaemolyticus. The role of vibrio parahaemolyticus in causing of the food toxicoinfections. Laboratory diagnostics. 23. Vibrio cholera. Morphological, cultural, biochemical, antigenic properties. Factor of pathogenicity. The toxins. The cholera pathogenesis and immunity. Laboratory diagnostics. Prevention. Treatment. 24. The causative agent of tularemia. General description. Pathogenesis of the disease. Clinical forms of tularemia. Laboratory diagnostics. Treatment and prevention. 25. The causative agent of brucellosis. General description morphological, cultural and biochemical properties of Brucella. Laboratory diagnostics. Pathogenesis of the disease. Peculiarities of immunity. Treatment and prevention. 26. Haemophilus bacteria. Bordetella - causative agents of whooping cough. General characteristic of their properties. Disease pathogenesis. Laboratory diagnosis. Treatment, prevention. 27. Causative agents of the influenza and chancroid. General characteristic of their properties. The pathogenesis of disease. Laboratory diagnosis, prevention. 28. The causative agent of anthrax. General description of the properties: cultural, biochemical, toxin, antigenic structure. Pathogenesis of the disease. Clinical forms. Laboratory diagnosis. The Ascoli reaction. Treatment and prevention. Anthrakoides. 29. Pathogenic anaerobes. General comparative characteristic of anaerobic bacteria, their importance in human pathology. Anaerobes in surgery. 30. Causative agents of the tetanus. General characteristic of the properties. Pathogenesis of the disease in humans and animals. Laboratory diagnostic. Prevention and treatment. The value of microbial associations in the occurrence of the pathological process. 31. Clostridium botulinum. Ecology, pathogen properties, characteristic of the botulinum toxin. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnosis. Treatment and prevention. 32. Methods of specific prevention and treatment of wounds anaerobic infections. 33. Corynebacterium. The causative agent of diphtheria. Biovar characteristics. Factors of pathogenicity and toxicity. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnostic. Differentiation of diphtheria pathogen and saprophytic corynebacterium. Treatment and prevention. 34. Pathogenic Mycobacteria. Types and properties of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Toxicity. Cord factor. Pathogenesis of the disease. Immunity and its features. Laboratory diagnostic. Treatment and prevention. 35. Mycobacterium leprae. General characteristic of the properties of causative leprosy agent. Clinical forms. Pathogenesis. Laboratory diagnosis. Prevention, treatment. 36. Mold fungal infections. Pathogenic Actinomycetes. General characteristics, types, properties, environment. The diseases they cause. Laboratory diagnosis. 37. Nocardia, nocardiosis characteristic. Laboratory diagnosis. Treatment.

3 38. Pathogenic spirochetes. Syphilis Treponems. Ecology, characteristic properties. The pathogenesis of syphilis. Stages of the disease. Immunity, chancre immunity. Laboratory diagnosis. Treatment and prevention. 39. Notvenereal forms of syphilis. Characteristics of the Bejel, Framboesia, Pinta. Transmission, laboratory diagnosis. Prevention. 40. Pathogen leptospira. Causative agents of the leptospirosis. General characteristics of cultural and morphological properties. Pathogenicity to humans and animals. The pathogenesis of leptospirosis. Laboratory diagnosis. Prevention. Treatment. 41. Borrelia as a causative agents of relapsing fever. Characteristics of environmental pathogens endemic and epidemic reverse typhus. Laboratory diagnosis. Treatment. Pathogenesis of the disease. Prevention. 42. Lyme borreliosis. Characteristics of pathogens. Laboratory diagnostic. Treatment. Pathogenesis of the disease. Prevention. 43. Rickettsiae. The causative agent of typhus. Overview of morphological cultural characteristics, Weil-Felix reaction. Pathogenicity for animals and humans. Pathogenesis of the disease. Immunity. Brill-Zinsser disease. Laboratory diagnosis. Prevention. 44. Rickettsiae pathogens of rat rickettsiosis. General characteristics of the disease pathogenesis. Methods of laboratory diagnosis. Differentiation of epidemic and endemic typhus. 45. Rickettsiae causative agents of spotted fever: north Asian, vesicular, Marseille. Laboratory diagnosis. Pathogenesis of the disease. Immunity, prevention. 46. Rickettsiae as a pathogens of the tsutsugamushi and paroxysmal fever. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnostic. Treatment and prevention. 47. Ku-fever Rickettsiae. General characteristics and ecology. Pathogenesis of the disease, clinical forms. Laboratory diagnostics. Immunity. Prevention. 48. Bartonellas, general characteristics, pathogenesis of disease, laboratory diagnosis. 49. Ehrlichia. General characteristics of the pathogenesis of the disease, laboratory diagnosis. 50. Pathogenic chlamydia. Cycles of development, general characteristics. Causative agents of trachoma, conjunctivitis newborns (blenoreya with inclusions). The causative agent of psittacosis and venereal Hodgkin's disease. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnostics. Prevention. 51. Pathogenic mycoplasmas. General characteristics of mycoplasma. Classification. 52. Opportunistic microorganisms, biological properties, etiologic role in the occurrence of opportunistic infections. Characteristics of the diseases that they cause. 53. Nosocomial infection, the conditions of their occurrence. Properties of the hospital bacteria ecovars, microbiological diagnosis of inflammatory, wounds, burn infections caused by hospital strains of bacteria. 54. Clinical Microbiology, object, objectives, methods, objects of research. Criteria for etiologic role of opportunistic microorganisms isolated from patients obtained material. 55. General characteristics of eukaryotes. Latin names of major humans infectious diseases. 56. Taxonomy and classification of fungi. Morphology, structure, cultivation. Toxicity. Pathogenesis of the disease in humans. Principles of laboratory diagnostic and treatment. Immunity. 57. Mold fungi. General characteristics. Morphology and ecology. Characteristics of the diseases that they cause. Laboratory diagnostics and treatment.

4 58. Superficial mycoses. General characteristics. Pathogenesis of the disease, clinical forms. Laboratory diagnostics. Treatment. 59. Deep and superficial candidiasis. Ecology of pathogens. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnostics. Treatment. Prevention. 60. Causative agents of the opportunistic fungal infections. General characteristics. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnostics, prevention and treatment. 61. Mycotoxicosis, general characteristics of pathogens, disease pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis and treatment. 62. Causative agents of the histoplasmosis. General characteristics and ecology. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnostics. Treatment and prevention. 63. General characteristics of blastomycosis pathogens. Distribution.Symptoms. The pathogenesis of disease. Laboratory diagnostics. Prevention. 64. Chromomycosis. General characteristics and ecology of the pathogen. Pathogenesis and disease symptoms. Laboratory diagnostics. Treatment, prevention. 65. Sporotrichosis. General characteristics and ecology of the pathogen. Pathogenesis and disease symptoms. Laboratory diagnostics. Treatment, prevention. 66. Elementary, general characteristics. Development cycle. Classification. 67. Leishmania. General characteristics. The pathogenesis of cutaneous leishmaniasis form. Ecology of pathogens. Treatment. Prevention. 68. The causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. Ecology. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnostics, treatment, prevention. 69. Trypanosomа. General characteristics. Ecology. Chagas disease. Pathogenesis of the "sleepy" disease. Laboratory diagnostics, treatment and prevention. 70. Trichomoniasis. Causative agents of the trichomoniasis. General characteristics. Ecology. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnostics and treatment. 71. Giardia. General characteristics. Pathogenesis of the disease, the source of infection. Laboratory diagnostics. Immunity. Prevention. 72. Sarcodina. Causative agents of the amebiasis. General characteristics. Stages of development in the body of living beings. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnostics. Treatment. Prevention. 73. Plasmodium malaria. The cycle of the malaria plasmodium. Pathogenicity for animals and humans. Pathogenesis of the disease in humans. Clinical forms of malaria. Immunity. Laboratory diagnostics. Treatment. Prevention 74. Toxoplasmosis. General characteristics of toxoplasmosis. Ecology. Pathogenicity to humans and animals. Pathogenesis of the disease in humans. Source of infection. Laboratory diagnosis. Treatment. Prevention. 75. Balantidias. Overview of morphological and cultural properties. Structure. Ecology. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnosis. Treatment. 76. Mold fungal infections. Pathogenic actinomycetes. General characteristics, types, properties and the environment. The diseases they cause. Laboratory diagnosis.

5 LIST OF QUESTIONS FOR MODULE 3 VIROLOGY 1. History of the discovery and main stages of Virology development. 2. Methods of the viruses study and evaluation. 3. Viruses morphology and ultrastructure. Viruses types of symmetry. Chemical composition and functions of the viruses components. 4. Bacteriophage their history of the study. Structure, classification of phages morphology. Bacteriophages methods of qualitative and quantitative determination. Practical use of bacteriophages. 5. Forms of bacteriophage interaction with bacterial cell. Virulent and temperate phages. Characteristics of productive interaction. Lysogeny and Phage conversion. 6. Modern views on the nature and origin of viruses. Place of viruses in the alive system. 7. Principles of viruses classification. Basic properties of human and animal viruses. 8. Viruses, general characteristics, principles of classification. 9. Methods of viruses cultivation and evaluation. 10. General principles of laboratory diagnosis of the viral infection. 11. General principles of treatment of viral infections. 12. Detection of virus reproduction in chicken embryos and the body susceptible animals. The structure of the chicken embryo. 13. Population variability of viruses. The mechanism of viral infection. Entrance gate. 14. The factors antiviral immunity. Virus inhibitors. 15. The use of cell cultures in virology. Classification of the tissue culture and cells. 16. Methods of viruses detection in tissue culture cells and their evaluation. Cyto pathogenic action of viruses and its types. 17. Slow virus infection. 18. Adenovirus, parvovirus. General characteristics of the virion structure. Pathogenesis of the disease. Serotypes. The pathogenesis of the diseases that they cause. Laboratory diagnosis. Treatment and prevention. 19. Poxvirus. General characteristics. Variola virus. Methods of cultivation. Pathogenicity to humans and animals. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnosis. Prevention. Smallpox monkeys virus. 20. Herpes viruses. Virus types 1 and 2. General characteristics. Pathogenesis. Laboratory diagnosis. Immunity. 21. Epstein-Barr virus. Infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharynx carcinoma. The pathogenesis of disease. General characteristics. 22. Varicella zoster virus, herpes zoster. Ecology. General characteristics. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnosis. Treatment and prevention. 23. Orthomyxoviruses. Influenza viruses. General characteristics. Antigenic structure. The pathogenesis of influenza. Laboratory diagnosis, prevention, treatment.

6 24. Types of antigenic variability of influenza and modern hypotheses that explain the orthomyxoviruses variability. The problem of specific prophylaxis of influenza. Drugs and their evaluation. 25. Flu-like viruses. General characteristics. Antigenic structure. Pathogenesis of the disease in humans. Laboratory diagnosis. 26. Mumps virus. General characteristics. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnosis. Prevention and treatment. 27. Cytomegalovirus. Respiratory syncytial virus. Laboratory diagnosis. 28. Morbilivirus. Measles virus. General characteristics. Pathogenic disease in humans. Laboratory diagnosis. Treatment and prevention. 29. Rabdovirusy. Marburg virus, Ebola. Pathogenesis of the disease, the source of infection. Laboratory diagnosis, prevention. 30. Rabdovirusy. Rabies virus. Ecology. Pathogenicity to humans and animals. Source of infection. Pathogenesis of the disease, the source of infection. Specific prevention and treatment. 31. Hepatitis B virus. Serum hepatitis B. Overview of the parasite. HBs Ag, HBc Ag, HBe Ag. Source of infection. Pathogenesis of the disease. Prevention. Treatment. Immunity. Hepatitis B virus. Serum hepatitis B. Overview of the parasite. NVs Ag, HBc Ag, HBe Ag. Source of infection. Pathogenesis of the disease. Prevention. Treatment. Immunity. 32. Viruses Hepatitis A. General characteristics. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnosis. Treatment and prevention. 33. Viruses Hepatitis D, C, E, F. General characteristics. Terms of disease. Pathogenesis. Laboratory diagnosis.treatment and prevention. 34. Picornavirus. The virus of epidemic poliomyelitis. General characteristics of cultural and morphological characteristics, antigenic structure. Pathogenicity for animals and humans. Pathogenesis of the disease, the source of infection. Laboratory diagnosis. Immunity. Prevention. 35. Enteroviruses. Coxsackie and ECHO viruses. General characteristics. Pathogenesis of the disease in humans. Laboratory diagnosis. Prevention. 36. Rhinovirus. Viruses that couse Aphtae epizootica and contact rhinitis. General characteristics. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnosis. Treatment and prevention. 37. Arbovirus. Viruses encephalitis, Omsk hemorrhagic fever. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnosis. Prevention. Treatment. 38. The virus of yellow fever. Description of morphological and cultural properties. Pathogenesis of the disease in humans. Laboratory diagnosis. Treatment, prevention. 39. Togavirus. Virus of the Japanese encephalitis. General characteristic of the properties and pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnostics, treatment. 40. Dengue virus. General characteristic the pathogen. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnostics. Immunity. Treatment. Prevention. 41. Togavirus. Rubella virus. General characteristic of the pathogen. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnostics. Treatment, prevention. 42. Mosquito virus and Crimean hemorrhagic fever. Ecology of pathogens. Pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnostics. Prevention.

7 43. Lassa virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis. General characteristic of pathogens. The pathogenesis of the disease. Laboratory diagnostics. Treatment, prevention. 44. Oncogenic viruses. General characteristic and classification. L.P. Zilber genetic theory of virus cancer. 45. Endogenous onco viruses (ecotropic and xenotropic). General characteristic. Modern theories of carcinogenesis. Prevention and diagnostic of tumors caused by the viruses. 46. Retroviruses. The AIDS virus. Description of morphological and cultural properties. The structure of the AIDS virion. Pathogenesis of the disease. Methods of laboratory diagnosis. Treatment, prevention. 47. General characteristics of the prions, viroids, virusoids, retrotransposons, plasmids.