Cultivable areas * % of the region. % living in rural areas

Transcription

1 TABLE 1 Regional distribution of, cultivable and cultivated areas (2009) Total area Cultivable areas * Cultivated areas In area In cultivable area (ha) (ha) (ha) (%) (%) East Asia South Asia Mainland Southeast Asia Maritime Southeast Asia Total region *: The cultivable area for Bhutan, China, Democratic People s Republic of Korea, Indonesia, Maldives, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Timor- Leste and Viet Nam was estimated as cultivated area since no data were available. For Sri Lanka it was estimated as being equal to the irrigation potential, since it is larger than cultivated area TABLE 2 Regional distribution of area and population (2009) Population km 2 the region Total population (s) the region % living in rural areas Population density (inhab./km 2 ) Economically % economically active population active population in as agriculture East Asia South Asia Mainland Southeast Asia Maritime Southeast Asia Total region TABLE 3 Regional distribution of the water resources Annual precipitation Annual internal renewable water resources Height Volume Volume the region Per inhabitant (2009) (mm) ( ) ( ) (%) ( ) East Asia South Asia Mainland Southeast Asia Maritime Southeast Asia Total region

2 TABLE 4 Countries with Internal Renewable Water Resources (IRWR) of less than /inhabitant per year Internal renewable water resources per inhabitant Total renewable water resources per inhabitant Bangladesh India Maldives Pakistan Republic of Korea ( ) TABLE 5 Produced, treated and directly used wastewater Year Wastewater Produced Treated Direct use Cambodia China India Malaysia Pakistan Philippines Republic of Korea Thailand Viet Nam TABLE 6 Regional distribution of dams k Dam capacity the region East Asia South Asia Mainland Southeast Asia Maritime Southeast Asia Total region

3 TABLE 7 Dams in the Southern and Eastern Asia region with a reservoir capacity larger than 5 k Dam River Basin Completed (year) Capacity (k ) Surface area (km 2 ) Main use* Rengali Brahmani I, H India Baishan (Huadian) Songhuajiang H, F China Rat Cha Prapa Khlong Saeng Tapi I, H, W Thailand Liujiaxia Yellow Yellow I, H, F China Ertan Yalong Yangtze H China Temenggor Perak Perak H Malaysia Almatti Krishna I India Nam Ngum Nam Ngum Mekong H Lao PDR Gandhi Sagar Chambal I, H India Zhelin Xiushui Ganjiang I, H, F China Hirakud Mahandi Ganges I, H, W, F India Ukai Tapi Tapi I, F India Pong Beas Indus I, H India Srisailam Krishna Krishna I India Vaijiralongkorn Quae Noi Mae Klong I, H, W, F Thailand Fengman Songhua Jiang H, F China Dongjiang Laishui Xiang jiang H, F China Hoa Binh Da Red I, H, W, F Viet Nam Sirikit Nan Nan I, H, W, F Thailand Bhakra Sutlej Indus I, H India Sanmenxia Huang Huang I, H, F China Raised Mangla Jehlum Indus I, H Pakistan Tianshengqiao No.1 Nanpaniiang Zhu Jiang H China Rihand Rihand Ganges H India Nagarjuna Sagar Krishna Krishna I, H India Tarbela Indus Indus I, H Pakistan Xiaolangdi Yellow Yellow H China Bhumipol Ping Ping I, H, W, F Thailand Sanhezha (Hongzehu) Huaihe Huaihe I, F China Sultan Mahmud Kenyir Kenyir H, F Malaysia Xinfengjiang Xinfengjiang Zhu Jiang H China Shuifeng Yalujiang Yalu H, W, F China Srinagarind Quae Yai Mae Klong I, H, W, F Thailand Kaptai Karnafuli Karnafuli I, H, F Bangladesh Danjiangkou Hanshui Han Shui H, F China Xin'anjiang Xin'anjiang Qiantang Jiang H, F China Longyangxia Yellow Yellow I, H, F China Longtan Hongshui Xi H, F China Three Gorges Yangtze Yangtze H China Total * I = irrigation; H = Hydropower, W = Water supply; F = Flood protection 3

4 TABLE 8 The four most important transboundary river basins in the Southern and Eastern Asia region Basin km 2 the SE Asia Mekong Ganges- Brahmaputra- Meghna Indus Salween Total Countries included of country in basin (km 2 ) As percentage of area of basin % China Myanmar Lao PDR Thailand Cambodia Viet Nam India China Nepal Bangladesh Bhutan Pakistan India China Afghanistan China Myanmar Thailand TABLE 9 Regional distribution of water withdrawal by sector Annual withdrawal by sector Agriculture Municipalities Industry Total per capita region East Asia South Asia Mainland Southeast Asia Maritime Southeast Asia Total region per capita 4

5 TABLE 10 Regional distribution of water withdrawal by source Annual withdrawal by source Primary and secondary freshwater * Direct use ** Surface water Groundwater Surface water and groundwater Treated wastewater Agricultural drainage water Direct use as part of Desalinated water Total water withdrawal East Asia South Asia Mainland Southeast Asia Maritime Southeast Asia Total region * The distribution between surface water and groundwater withdrawal is unknown for Democratic People s Republic of Korea and Republic of Korea in East Asia, for Maldives and Sri Lanka in South Asia, for Cambodia and Lao People s Democratic Republic in Mainland Southeast Asia and for Papua New Guinea and Timor Leste in Maritime Southeast Asia. Thus they are not included in surface water and groundwater withdrawal and therefore their sum is not equal to the. For these countries freshwater withdrawal has been estimated taking into account water withdrawal by sector ** Direct use in East Asia refers to China, in South Asia to India and in Mainland Southeast Asia to Viet Nam. TABLE 11 Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Water Indicator by country Total actual renewable Freshwater withdrawal freshwater resources Total MDG Water Indicator TARWR* Total freshwater withdrawal as percentage of TARWR % Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Darussalam Cambodia China DPR Korea India Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Papua New Guinea Philippines Republic of Korea Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste Viet Nam * TARWR = Total Actual Renewable Water Resources 5

6 TABLE 12 Evaporation losses from artificial reservoirs Dam capacity (k ) Evaporation rate (mm/year) Evaporation losses from reservoirs (k /year) Bangladesh Cambodia 5.50 China Democratic People s Republic of Korea India Indonesia Lao People s Democratic Republic Malaysia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Papua New Guinea Philippines Republic of Korea Sri Lanka Thailand Viet Nam Total TABLE 13 Regional distribution of areas under water management equipped for irrigation Non-equipped cultivated lowlands Non equipped flood recession Total area under water management ha ha ha ha region East Asia South Asia Mainland Southeast Asia Maritime Southeast Asia Total region TABLE 14 Regional distribution of areas equipped for irrigation Equipped for full control irrigation Spate irrigation Equipped lowlands Total area equipped for irrigation region cultivated area (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) (%) (%) East Asia South Asia Mainland Southeast Asia Maritime Southeast Asia Total region area equipped

7 TABLE 15 Regional distribution of full control irrigation techniques Surface irrigation Sprinkler irrigation Localized irrigation Total (ha) (%) (ha) (%) (ha) (%) (ha) East Asia South Asia Mainland Southeast Asia Maritime Southeast Asia Total region TABLE 16 Regional distribution of the origin of water used in full control irrigation (primary and secondary water) Surface water Groundwater Other sources Total Mix of surface water and groundwater (ha) (%) (ha) (%) (ha) (%) (ha) East Asia South Asia Mainland Southeast Asia Maritime Southeast Asia Total region TABLE 17 Scheme sizes in some countries (ha) Year Criteria Small Medium Large Total area Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Darussalam Cambodia China India Malaysia 1994 * Pakistan Philippines Republic of Korea Sri Lanka Thailand 2007 ** Viet Nam * Non-granary schemes / mini granary schemes / granary schemes ** < 1 year construction / > 1 year construction and < ha / > ha 7

8 TABLE 18 Distribution of actually irrigated areas in some countries equipped for full control Actually irrigated irrigation equipped areas (ha) (ha) (%) Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia China India Lao PDR Mongolia Myanmar Pakistan Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste Viet Nam

9 TABLE 19 Cropping intensity over area actually irrigated equipped for full control irrigation actually irrigated in full control irrigation In area equipped Harvested irrigated crop areas Cropping intensity (ha) (ha) (%) (ha) (%) (1) (2) (3) = 100 x (2)/(1) (4) = 100 (4)/(2) East Asia South Asia Mainland Southeast Asia Maritime Southeast Asia Total region TABLE 20 Cropping intensity over area actually irrigated in some countries equipped for full control actually irrigated in full irrigation control irrigation Harvested irrigated crop areas Cropping intensity (ha) (ha) (ha) (%) (1) (2) (3) = 100 (3)/(2) Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia China India Lao PDR Myanmar Pakistan Sri Lanka Thailand Viet Nam TABLE 21 Regional distribution of harvested irrigated crop areas under full control irrigation Sub-region Wheat Maize Rice Cereals not specified Vegetabl es, roots and tubers Pulses (1 000 ha) Soyabeans Groundnuts Sugarcane Cotton Annual crops not specified Permanent crops not specified Total East Asia (23%) (10%) (34%) (10%) (3%) (2%) (3%) (8%) (5%) (100%) South Asia (30%) (3%) (29%) (3%) (4%) (5%) (5%) (14%) (6%) (100%) Mainland SE Asia** Maritime SE Asia*** (2%) (80%) (8%) (82%) (3%) (2%) (2%) (2%) (2%) (9%) (100%) (100%) Total region* (23%) (6%) (39%) (2%) (5%) (2%) (3%) (4%) (10%) (5%) (100%) * There is no irrigation in Maldives (South Asia) and Papua New Guinea (Maritime Southeast Asia), and no data are available for Mongolia (East Asia) and Timor-Leste (Maritime Southeast Asia). These countries are not included in the table ** Mainland Southeast Asia *** Maritime Southeast Asia 9

10 TABLE 22 Regional trends in water withdrawal by sector East Asia South Asia Mainland Southeast Asia Maritime Southeast Asia Total region Year Annual water withdrawal by sector Agriculture Municipal Industry Total k k k k Southeast Asia per inhabitant TABLE 23 Regional trends in water withdrawal by source Annual withdrawal by source Total freshwater* Desalinated water Total water withdrawal East Asia South Asia Mainland Southeast Asia Maritime Southeast Asia Total region * Refers to primary and secondary freshwater, as well as direct use of treated wastewater and agricultural drainage water 10

11 TABLE 24 Regional trends in the areas under irrigation Irrigation (ha) Annual Full control irrigation Spate irrigation * Equipped lowlands Total irrigation increase** (1) (2) (3) (4) = (1) + (2) + (3) % East Asia South Asia * Mainland Southeast Asia Maritime Southeast Asia Total region Change * The area under irrigation in Pakistan in the South Asia subregion increased, but the area under spate irrigation seemed to be less than reported in the previous survey, which explains the negative value. It is not clear whether the previously reported figure is wrong or whether a large area has been transformed from spate irrigation to full control irrigation. ** Annual increase was calculated using a weighted year index.the weighted year index is calculated by allocating to the year for each country a weighting coefficient proportional to its area equipped for irrigation, therefore giving more importance to countries with the largest areas under irrigation. TABLE 25 Regional trends in the irrigation techniques in the full control irrigation areas East Asia South Asia Surface irrigation Sprinkler irrigation Localized irrigation Total (ha) (%) (ha) (%) (ha) (%) (ha) Mainland Southeast Asia Maritime Southeast Asia Total region Change % % %

12 TABLE 26 Regional trends in the origin of water used in full control irrigation Surface water Groundwater Other sources Total Mix of surface water and groundwater East Asia South Asia (ha) (%) (ha) (%) (ha) (%) (ha) Mainland SE Asia* Maritime SE Asia** Total region * Mainland Southeast Asia ** Maritime Southeast Asia TABLE 27 Salinization in irrigation areas in some countries Salinization Year ha equipped area Bangladesh China India Indonesia Pakistan Philippines Thailand Viet Nam TABLE 28 Drainage in some countries Year equipped for irrigation with drainage facilities (1) Drained area (1) as area equipped for irrigation Total area drained (2) (2) as cultivated area ha % ha % Bangladesh China India Indonesia Malaysia Myanmar Pakistan Philippines Republic of Korea Viet Nam