Aeroacoustic simulation work on turbomachinery noise at DLR
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1 Chart 1 > Standard presentation > Jan Aeroacoustic simulation work on turbomachinery noise at DLR Sebastien Guerin and Lars Enghardt German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute of Propulsion Technology Engine Acoustics, Berlin
2 DLR German Aerospace Center Research Institution Space Agency Project Management Agency Research Areas - Aeronautics - Space - Transport - Energy - Safety and Security
3 DLR: Sites and employees employees working in 32 research institutes and facilities at 16 Sites. Offices in Brussels, Paris and Washington. Sites of the Institute of Propulsion Technologies (~180 employees) Department of Engine Acoustics is located in Berlin (~30 employees) Stade Hamburg Bremen- Trauen Neustrelitz Berlin- Braunschweig Göttingen Jülich Köln Bonn Lampoldshausen Stuttgart Augsburg Oberpfaffenhofen Weilheim
4 Engine Noise Analysis of Fan- and Compressor Noise Combustion Noise Turbine Noise Jet Noise Reduction by Innovative Noise Abatement Methods Noise Control Liners Design-to-noise Pre-design Methods: - numerical - experimental - analytical
5 Engine Noise Analysis of Fan- and Compressor Noise Combustion Noise Turbine Noise Jet Noise Reduction by Innovative Noise Abatement Methods Noise Control Liners Design-to-noise Pre-design Methods: - numerical - experimental - analytical
6 Slide # 6 Outline Our Software Towards a Standard Process for Tonal Noise Simulation Contra-Rotating Open Rotors Harmonic Balance Applied to High-Pressure Turbine Broadband Noise Simulation with FanRPM Conclusion & Outlook
7 Slide # 7 Outline Our Software Towards a Standard Process for Tonal Noise Simulation Contra-Rotating Open Rotors Harmonic Balance Applied to High-Pressure Turbine Broadband Noise Simulation with FanRPM Conclusion & Outlook
8 Slide # 8 Our Software: CFD solver TRACE - CFD tool TRACE (Turbomachinery Research Aerodynamic Computational Environment) - Developed by the Department Numerical Methods in Cologne: team of about 15 developers - Used by MTU for production and more than 10 Universities in Germany - Finite Volume method for structured and unstructured grids - Various solvers - Non-linear TRACE (RANS, URANS, scale-resolved simulations) - LinearTRACE (time linearized with GMRES solver) - Harmonic Balance (non-linear frequency domain with pseudo-time solver) - Turbulence models: Wilcox k-omega, Spalart-Allmaras, SST k-omega, RSM, transition, etc. - Boundary conditions: mixing plane, zonal interface, phase lag, Giles1 & 2, and 3D NRBC
9 Slide # 9 Our Software: CAA solver PIANO - CAA tool PIANO (Perturbed Investigation of Aerodynamic Noise) - Developed by the DLR Department Technical Acoustics in Braunschweig: team of about 5 developers - Used by AIRBUS, Rolls-Royce and several German Universities - Finite-difference method in time-domain - High-order space and time discretization - Boundary conditions: radiation boundary conditions, Extended Helmholtz Resonator (liner), Perfectly Matched Layer
10 Slide # 10 Outline Our Software Towards a Standard Process for Tonal Noise Simulation Contra-Rotating Open Rotors Harmonic Balance Applied to High-Pressure Turbine Broadband Noise Simulation with FanRPM Conclusion & Outlook
11 Slide # 11 Presented by Lars Enghardt, 29th of April 2014 From Nearfield to Farfield (1) Far field Induct region Source region
12 Slide # 12 From Nearfield to Farfield (2) Distance to source Navier- Stokes Eq. DNS LES URANS (RANS) Linearized Euler Equations Source Viscosity Non-linearities Refraction Diffraction Near field CFD (TRACE) CAA (PIANO) (convective) Wave Equation Far field Interference FW H
13 Slide # 13 FW H Solver for Axisymmetrical Surfaces Freq. domain convective FW H formulation (surface integral): Azimuthal decomposition of the flow field FW H for axisymmetrical Surfaces (line integration): Reduction of computing time Reduction of data storage Increase of accuracy Elegant coupling to TRACE
14 Outline Our Software Towards a Standard Process for Tonal Noise Simulation Contra-Rotating Open Rotors Harmonic Balance Applied to High-Pressure Turbine Broadband Noise Simulation with FanRPM Conclusion & Outlook
15 Slide # 15 Contra-Rotating Open Rotor Noise Fligthglobal/Tim Becheno-Brown AI-PX7 CROR concept of Airbus
16 Slide # 16 Nearfield Calculation with TRACE Multi-block structured grid Turbulence model: Wilcox k-ω 2nd order discretization in time and space 0 AoA, no pylon One segment/blade per rotor ~ 7 Mio cells
17 Slide # 17 Farfield Extrapolation with FW H - TRACE results in relative system - FWH-method in absolute system - Transformation from relative into absolute system necessary - Use of the (m, ) transformation Pressure field on the surface BPF 1R(ear) BPF 1F(ront) BPF 1F+1R BPF 1F+2R
18 Slide # 18 Farfield Extrapolation with FW H Spurious noise induced by vortices cutting the exit plane Split between acoustic and aerodynamic contributions would be necessary IS1 to IS4 Sliding interface Variation of the integration surface OS1 to OS4
19 Slide # 19 Application: Trailing-Edge Serrations on Front Rotor - EU JTI Clean Sky - Reduction of interaction tones through serrations - Numerical approach with TRACE FWH - Acoustic optimisation ongoing baseline serrated TE
20 Outline Our Software Towards a Standard Process for Tonal Noise Simulation Contra-Rotating Open Rotors Harmonic Balance Applied to High-Pressure Turbine Broadband Noise Simulation with FanRPM Conclusion & Outlook
21 EU Project RECORD - Combustion (direct) noise generation, transmission, and production of indirect noise through interaction of combustion hot turbulent field with HPT turbine - WP3: high-pressure turbine test case HPT rig in Politecnico di Milano
22 Why Harmonic Balance? - Reduced computation - time HB/URANS 1/10 - Frequency domain formulation advantageous for handling of boundary conditions - Phase lag/shift - Non reflecting boundary conditions - Enable to prescribe perturbations at a frequency different from the base frequency
23 Matrix of Numerical Tests short Fine grid (7.0 Mio cells) Reference RANS URANS long* URANS short* HB long/short* Giles 2D (Fourier) Giles 1D in time domain Giles 2D in frequency domain Giles 2D in frequency domain Periodic Phase-lag Phase-Lag Phase-lag Mixing plane Zonal interface + Phase-lag long Zonal Interface + Phase-lag *short: w/o damping zone; long: with damping zone Giles 2D in frequency domain
24 10 db Acoustic Power Levels of Sources and Reflexions
25 Outline Our Software Towards a Standard Process for Tonal Noise Simulation Contra-Rotating Open Rotors Harmonic Balance Applied to High-Pressure Turbine Broadband Noise Simulation with FanRPM Conclusion & Outlook
26 Slide # 26 Presented by Lars Enghardt, 29th of April 2014 RANS-based Fan Broadband Noise Simulation Instantanious plot of the source strength on the impulse equation - Ewert et al. developed the Random-Particle-Mesh to synthesize turbulence sources - Local realization of the RANS statistics - Aim: fan broadband noise simulation for (cyclostationary) wake turbulence
27 Slide # 27 RANS-based Fan Broadband Noise Simulation - Turbulence synthesizer (frpm) with turbulence characteristics from a (U)RANS (TRACE) radiated by CAA in time domain (PIANO) - Participation in Fan-Broadband-Noise panel session at AIAA 2014 Turbulence-airfoil interaction noise (frozen turbulence) Validation cases Quadrupole noise (evolving turbulence) General turbulence spectra via hierarchy of superposed Gaussian-filtered stochastic fields q3d rotor-stator interaction noise
28 Slide # 28 Conclusion - Computational Aeroacoustics applied to engine noise is well established - We rely on in-house tools: TRACE and PIANO - Many efforts to improve acoustic post-processing - A standard chain of tools is available
29 Slide # 29 Presented by Lars Enghardt, 29th of April 2014 Outlook - Improvement of post-processing - Acoustic mode analysis for complex ducted flows - Improved FW H - Efficient tonal noise prediction with HB - Prediction of broadband noise - RPM method for fans - Jet noise: activity regrouped in another team led by R. Meyer - Design-to-noise optimization using RANS informed analytical prediction - etc.
30 Acknowledgements Main Contributors: Attila Wohlbrandt, Christian Weckmüller, Robert Jaron, Axel Holewa
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