Introduction to Dermoscopy. Nicholas Compton, MD June 16, 2010

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1 Introduction to Dermoscopy Nicholas Compton, MD June 16, 2010

2 Overview What is dermoscopy Brief history Types of dermoscopy General approach to lesion of interest 2 step algorithm 3-point checklist Practice Conclusions

3 What is Dermoscopy Non-invasive diagnostic technique for the in-vivo observation of pigmented skin lesions. Permits the recognition of morphologic structures not visible by the naked eye.

4 History 1663: J. C. Kohlhaus: First observation of vessels of nail matrix with a microscope G. Unna: For the first time the term Diaskopie is used when studying a case of lupus vulgaris with a drop of immersion oil and a glass-slide I. Saphier: The term Dermatoskopie is coined and capillaries of normal and pathologic skin are studied for the first time L. Goldman: Analysis of nevi and melanomas using different monoocular epiluminescence tools L. Goldman: The first portable dermatoscope is produced P. Fritsch and R. Pechlaner: Benign and malignant skin lesions are differentiated on the basis of various pigment network features H.P. Soyer et al.: Dermoscopic criteria are correlated with underlying histopathologic structures J. Kreusch and G. Rassner: First Atlas of dermoscopy published in the literature.

5 Type of Dermoscopy Non-polarized light Requires liquid interface Requires contact w/ skin Polarized light Non-contact Contact

6 Differences: NPD & PD Colors Sharper w/ NPD Brown/Blue darker w/ PD Reds better seen w/ PD

7 Differences: NPD & PD Structures Vasculature better seen w/ PNCD Milia-like cysts (horn cysts) better w/ NPD

8 Differences: NPD & PD Features Vessel shape better w/ PNCD Peppering better w/ NPD

9 Your Dermatoscope

10 Technique Interface fluid (mineral oil, water, alcohol) Roll contact plate Eye close to eye piece Adjust focusing ring

11 Approach to Pigmented Lesions 2 Step Algorithm 1. Melanocytic vs. Non-melanocytic 2. Benign vs. Malignant

12 Step 1: Melanocytic vs. Non-Melanocytic Features of melanocytic lesions? Pigment network

13 Reticular Network

14 Dermatofibroma

15 Step 1: Melanocytic vs. Non-Melanocytic Features of melanocytic lesions? Pigment network Aggregated globules

16 Aggregated Globules

17 Step 1: Melanocytic vs. Non-Melanocytic Features of melanocytic lesions? Pigment network Aggregated globules Branched streaks

18 Branched Streaks

19 Step 1: Melanocytic vs. Non-Melanocytic Features of melanocytic lesions? Pigment network Aggregated globules Branched streaks Homogenized blue

20 Homogenous Blue

21 Step 1: Melanocytic vs. Non-Melanocytic Features of melanocytic lesions? Pigment network Aggregated globules Branched streaks Homogenized blue Parallel pattern (acral)

22 Parallel Pattern

23 Step 1: Melanocytic vs. Non-Melanocytic Features of seborrheic keratosis? Milia-like cysts

24 Milia-Like Cysts

25 Step 1: Melanocytic vs. Non-Melanocytic Features of seborrheic keratosis? Milia-like cysts Comedo-like openings

26 Comedo-like Openings

27 Step 1: Melanocytic vs. Non-Melanocytic Features of seborrheic keratosis? Milia-like cysts Comedo-like openings Fissures/ridges

28 Fissures/Ridges

29 Step 1: Melanocytic vs. Non-Melanocytic Features of seborrheic keratosis? Milia-like cysts Comedo-like openings Fissures/ridges Light brown fingerprint-like structures

30 Fingerprint-like Structures

31 Step 1: Melanocytic vs. Non-Melanocytic Features of Basal Cell Carcinoma? Absent pigment network & one of the following: Arborizing vessels

32 Arborizing Vessels

33 Step 1: Melanocytic vs. Non-Melanocytic Features of Basal Cell Carcinoma? Absent pigment network & one of the following: Arborizing vessels Leaf-like structures

34 Leaf-like Structures

35 Leaf-like Structures

36 Step 1: Melanocytic vs. Non-Melanocytic Features of Basal Cell Carcinoma? Absent pigment network & one of the following: Arborizing vessels Leaf-like structures Large blue-grey ovoid nests

37 Blue-grey Ovoid Nests

38 Step 1: Melanocytic vs. Non-Melanocytic Features of Basal Cell Carcinoma? Absent pigment network & one of the following: Arborizing vessels Leaf-like structures Large blue-grey ovoid nests

39 Multiple Blue-grey Globules

40 Multiple Blue-grey Globules

41 Step 1: Melanocytic vs. Non-Melanocytic Features of Basal Cell Carcinoma? Absent pigment network & one of the following: Arborizing vessels Leaf-like structures Large blue-grey ovoid nests Multiple blue-grey globules Spoke wheel areas

42 Spoke-wheel Areas

43 Spoke-wheel Areas

44 Step 1: Melanocytic vs. Non-Melanocytic Features of Basal Cell Carcinoma? Absent pigment network & one of the following: Arborizing vessels Leaf-like structures Large blue-grey ovoid nests Multiple blue-grey globules Spoke wheel areas Ulceration (exception: can be seen in melanoma)

45 Ulceration

46 Step 1: Melanocytic vs. Non-Melanocytic Features of vascular lesion? Red-blue lacunae

47 Red-Blue Lacunae

48 Step 1: Melanocytic vs. Non-Melanocytic Features of vascular lesion? Red-blue lacunae Red-blue to blue-black homogenous areas

49 Red-black Homogenous Areas

50 Step 1: Melanocytic vs. Non-Melanocytic None of the aforementioned criteria? = Melanocytic

51 Step 2: Benign vs. Malignant Melanocytic Lesion? Several algorithms 3-point checklist* Pattern Analysis Menzies ABCD 7-point checklist

52 3-point Checklist Distinguish malignant from benign Screening tool Novice dermoscopists

53 3-point Checklist Asymmetry Color & Structure Atypical network Blue-white structures

54 Pattern Analysis Complex Requires practice More advanced

55 Pattern Analysis 5 Global Patterns for melanocytic nevi 5 Patterns for Acral melanocytic nevi 5 Melanoma-specific local criteria 5 Site-specific melanoma-specific criteria 6 Criteria for non-melanocytic lesions

56 5 Patterns of Acral Melanocytic Nevi Parallel Furrow

57 Parallel Furrow

58 5 Patterns of Acral Melanocytic Nevi Parallel Furrow Lattice-like

59 Lattice-like

60 5 Patterns of Acral Melanocytic Nevi Parallel Furrow Lattice-like Fibrillar

61 Fibrillar

62 5 Patterns of Acral Melanocytic Nevi Parallel Furrow Lattice-like Fibrillar Parallel Ridge

63 Parallel Ridge

64 5 Patterns of Acral Melanocytic Nevi Parallel Furrow Lattice-like Fibrillar Parallel Ridge Non-specific

65 Practice!

66 Conclusions Dermoscopy is well entrenched Practice is required to improve 3-point checklist is easy to implement

67 Resources Color Atlas of Dermatoscopy, 2nd edition. Stoltz, et al. Blackwell Publishing, Dermoscopy: The Essentials. Johr, et al. Elsevier Limited, Advanced Course Next Year?

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