Index. Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 P.A. Lio et al., Handbook of Integrative Dermatology, DOI /

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1 Index A Acne comedonal, 54, 55 dietary modifications, 61 63, 69 dryness and irritation, 54 features, 53 green tea, hormonal, 69 inflammatory, 54, 55 nicotinamide, probiotics, 66 tea tree oil, treatment, 53 54, 56 vitamin C, zinc, Actinic keratoses (AKs), 39, 41 Acupressure. See Acupuncture Acupuncture atopic dermatitis, , 210 endorphin production, 208 large intestine 11 point, Quchi and Xuehai points, 209 uremic pruritus, 209 AD. See Atopic dermatitis (AD) AGA. See Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) Aging carotenoids, 13 photoprotection, 9 skincare regimen, 18 vitamin C, 12 AKs. See Actinic keratoses (AKs) Aloe vera Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score, 103 psoriasis, 103, 108 Psoriasis Area and Severity (PASI) score, 103 sunburns, 103 Alopecia areata (AA) aromatherapy, 89 garlic, hypnotherapy, 90 onion extract, treatment, 85 Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 84 hypnotherapy, 90 procyanidins, raspberry ketone, treatment, 85 Angioedema dietary modification, 138 low vitamin D levels, 142 stress-reduction, 139 swelling of dermis, 137 vitamin D, 142 Antihistamines conventional treatments, 138 and corticosteroids, 120 systemic agents, 206 Anti-pruritic therapy, 111 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 P.A. Lio et al., Handbook of Integrative Dermatology, DOI /

2 218 Index Argeratina pichinchensis on nails, 186 skin injuries, 186 Aromatherapy essential oils, 211, 212 hemodialysis patients, pruritus, 211, 212 Petitgrain essential oil, 182 treatment of hair loss, 89 Ascorbic acid. See Vitamin C Atopic dermatitis (AD) acupuncture/acupressure, allergen identification, calcineurin inhibitors, 112 cardiospermum plant extract, coconut oil (Cocos nucifera), conventional approach, 111 diet modification, food allergies or asthma, 111 hypnosis and biofeedback, oral vitamin D supplementation, probiotics, sunflower seed oil, , 132 topical corticosteroids, 112, 116 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), , 133 treatment, vitamin B12 application, wet wrap therapy, 132 Azelaic acid, B Bacterial infections EGCG, 188 gram-positive and-negative, honey, 190 Streptococcus mutans, 188 tea tree oil, Balneotherapy Dead Sea salt, 105 sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), 106 treatment of psoriasis, 105 Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 33, 36, 40, 46, 47 BCC. See Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) Biofeedback AD, 208 and hypnosis, lichenification, 208 surface damage, 208 C CAM. See Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) CA-MRSA. See Community associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) Cancer actinic keratosis, 36, 37 BCC, 36 BEC, CoQ10, 44 escharotics, gossypin, 47 ingenol mebutate, ipilimumab and PD1 inhibitors, 35 melanoma, 36, 37, 48 non-melanoma skin cancers, 35 SCC, 36, 37 treatment, 38 vitamin D, 42 43, 48 Cantharidin, 171, 174 Cardiospermum plant extract Cardiospermum halicacabum, 119 corticosteroids, 119 cream vs. control, 119 Carotenemia, 13 Carotenoids beta-carotene, 13

3 Index 219 lycopene, 13 sun protection, Chrysanthellum indicum, Cobalamin. See Vitamin B12 Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) cancers, 43 melanoma, 44 Cognitive behavioral therapy psychosocial aspects, 108 skin and immune system, 107 Community associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), 185 Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), conventional product s safety, 215 dozen research centers, NCCIH, 215 Complementary medicine, 3, 119 Conventional medicine, 2, 3, 120, 132, 133, 215 Coriander (Coriander sativum) oil antibacterial activity, 181 interdigital tinea pedis, 181 Curcumin. See Turmeric (curcumin) D Dandruff honey, 199 sulfur, tea tree oil, Depigmentation ginkgo biloba, l-phenylalanine, polypodium leucotomos, vitamins, Dermatoheliosis, 7 Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score, 103 Dietary modifications acne, angioedema, 138 atopic dermatitis (AD), BCC, 33 urticaria, 138, Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 97 E Eczema. See also Atopic dermatitis (AD) dyshidrotic, 113 exudative and oozing lesions, 112 facial eczema, 112, 113 itraconazole, 112 seborrheic dermatitis, 112 Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 97 Epicatechin gallate (ECG), 9 Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), 9, 27 28, 188 Erythema, 133 Escharotics BCC, FDA and National Cancer Institute, 45 MMS, 45 F Fish oil omega-3 fatty acids, 97 PASI scores, 99 psoriasis, Flavonols, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 45 Food intolerance, 129 Fungal infections ageratina pichinchensis, coriander oil, garlic, oil of bitter orange, solan chrysotrichum, superficial mycoses, 177 tea tree oil, 179, 181 tinea corporis (ringworm), 178 tinea pedis + onychomycosis, 178 topical antifungals, 177 treatment, 179

4 220 Index G Garlic (Allium sativum) antiviral effects, 169 fungal infections, hair loss, tinea pedis, warts, Gingko biloba anxiolytic effects, 156 repigmentation, 157 vitiligo, , 160 Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI), 157 Gossypin, 47 Green tea acne, EGCG and ECG, 8 GTPs, 9 UVA & UVB induced erythema, 9 10 Green tea polyphenols (GTPs), 9 H Hair loss alopecia areata, 87 androgenetic alopecia (AGA), aromatherapy, 89 garlic (Allium sativum), hypnotherapy, onion extract, procyanidins, raspberry ketone (RK), Hanifin, J.M., 2 Heinrich, U., 11 Hives. See Urticaria Honey antimicrobial properties, 190 Ayurveda, 199 burns, 190 CA-MRSA, 190 inhibines, 190 itching and hair loss, reduction, 201 manuka honey, 190 Medihoney, 190 Staphylococcus aureus skin infections, 191 therapeutic and prophylactic effects, 199 tinea versicolor, 192 Traditional Chinese medicine, 199 Hoxsey, H., 45 Human papillomavirus (HPV). See Warts Hyperpigmentation hydroquinone, 148 lentigines, 148 licorice, melasma, niacinamide, 17 18, soy, sunscreen vs. control moisturizer, 154 treatment, 150 vitamin C, 149, Hypnosis alopecia areata, 90 atopic dermatitis, definition, 90 itch-scratch cycle, 130 stress, 130 stress-relieving techniques, 131 Verbally Active Distraction, 141 Hypnotherapy. See also Hypnosis AD, 130, 207 hair regrowth, 90 I Indigo naturalis Chinese medicine, 99 Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI), plaque psoriasis, 99 Ingenol mebutate AKs, 39, 40 ingenol, 39 40

5 Index 221 Itch atopic dermatitis, 126, 131, 207 chronic, 207 dandruff, 201 in hair loss, 199 prurigo nodularis, 213 solely symptomatic treatment, 205 Itch-scratch cycle, 133, 207, 208 Itraconazole, 112, 133 L Lemon myrtle solution (Backousia citriodora) atopic dermatitis, 174 molluscum, Lentigines hyperpigmentation, 148 polypodium leucotomos, 160 sun spots, 147 Licorice anti-oxidant and antiinflammatory properties, 155 epidermal melasma, 156 glabridin, 155 liquiritin, root, tyrosinase, 155 Lycopene, 13, 30 M Mahonia aquifolium (Oregon grape) psoriasis, 104 Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), 105 Malassezia anti-yeast agents, 195 itraconazole, 133 seborrheic dermatitis, 196 MBSR. See Mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) MCV. See Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) Melaleuca alternifolia. See Tea tree oil (TTO) Melanoma CoQ10, gossypin, 47 malignant, 35 sun protection, 48 vitamin D, 42 Melasma the mask of pregnancy, niacinamide, 153 pigmentation, polypodium leucotomos, 160 vitamin C, 151 Mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) cognitive behavioral therapy, 108 meditation and yoga, 107 nail psoriasis, 108 psoriasis, 107 Modern medicine, 1 Mohs, F., 45 Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), 45 Moisturizer coconut oil, 118, 133 niacinamide, 122 soy, 152 sunflower seed oil, 132, 213 Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) atopic dermatitis, 166 cantharidin, 174 lemon myrtle solution, poxvirus, treatment, 166, 174 TTO, umbilicated papules, 167 N Nail infections ageratina pichinchensis, tea tree oil, 180 Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI),

6 222 Index Narrow Band UVB (NB-UVB) phototherapy, 161, 162 National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), 215 NB-UVB. See Narrow Band UVB (NB-UVB) phototherapy NCCIH. See National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) Newton-Bishop, J.A., 42 Niacinamide acne, anti-oxidant, 153 hyperpigmentation, 17, 153 melanogenesis, 153 melasma, 17, 153 rosacea, sagging skin, 18 sun protection, vitamin B3, 25, 26, 153 Nicotinamide. See Niacinamide Nurnberg, B., 42 O Oil of bitter orange (OBO) neroli oil, 182 tinea corporis, 182 Onion extract (Allium cepa), 88 P l-phenylalanine melanin synthesis, 157 ultraviolet light (UVA) treatment, 158 vitiligo treatment, 157 Photoaging. See Dermatoheliosis Photoprotection. See Sun protection Pigmentation hydroquinone, 148 hyperpigmentation, 147 melanin concentration, 147 melasma, vitiligo, PLE. See Polypodium leucotomos (PLE) PMLE. See Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE), 32 Polyphenols benefits, 27, 33 EGCG, green tea, 8 10, 19 Polypodium leucotomos (PL) lentigines, 161 melasma, 161 NB-UVB phototherapy, 161, 162 PUVA, 160 vitiligo, Polypodium leucotomos (PLE) BCC, 33 murine models, 30 phenolic antioxidants, 30 PMLE, 32 PUVA, 31 UVA and UVB, 32 Probiotics acne, 66 bacterial imbalance, 127 lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, 128 prevention and treatment, 127 Procyanidins, Propolis immunomodulator, 167 warts, 173 Pruritus acupuncture/acupressure, acute/chronic, 205 in AD, 111, 121, 125, 126 aromatherapy, biofeedback, 208 cognitive behavioral therapy, 207 curcumin, 101 definition, 205

7 Index 223 fish oil, 99 hemodialysis patients, 213 hypnosis, inflammatory skin diseases, 205 prurigo nodularis, 213 sensitive skin, 213 solely symptomatic treatment, 205 sunflower seed oil, topical and systemic agents, 206 Psoralen plus UVA therapy (PUVA), 159 Psoriasis aloe vera, 103 baking soda, 106 balneotherapy, CAM, 95 curcumin, cutaneous lesions, 96 erythematous scaly plaques, 97 fish oil, indigo naturalis, mahonia aquifolium, mindfulness based stress reduction, pathogenesis, 95 risk factor, treatments, 95, 96 Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Q Quassia amara, R Raspberry ketone (RK), Reactive oxygen species (ROS), 24 ROS. See Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Rosacea azelaic acid, chrysanthellum indicum, classification, 73 erythema/flushing, 74, 75 erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, 80 erythematous papules and pustules, 74 nicotinamide, papulopustular lesions, 81 quassia amara, treatment, 75 S Safety, 2, 4 Salicylic Acid ammonium lactate emollient foam, 201 antimicrobial, 201 keratolytic, 201 scalp psoriasis, 201 SAP. See Sodium ascorbyl phosphate (SAP) Scratch anxiety, 130 dysfunctional barrier, 211 psychosocial morbidity, 208 secondary inflammation, 210 Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) aberrant immune response, 195 antifungal shampoos, 202 dandruff, 201 dry skin, 196, 197 eczema, 112 erythematous patches, 196 honey, 199 malassezia, 195, 196 oil application, 196, 197 olive oil, 196, 201 salicylic acid, scalp psoriasis, 195 sulfur, tea tree oil, topical corticosteroids, 195 Skin barrier coconut oil (Cocos nucifera), sunflower seed oil,

8 224 Index Skin care carotenoids, dermatoheliosis/photoaging, 7 flavonoids, green tea, 8 10 licorice, niacinamide, photoprotection, 7 soy, treatment, 8 UV-B rays, 8 vitamin C, Sodium ascorbyl phosphate (SAP), 57 Solan chrysotrichum ketoconazole, saponin SC-2, 183 tinea pedis, 184 Solasodine glycosides (BEC) AK and non-melanoma skin cancer, 40 squamous cell cancer, 41 Soy Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor, 15 dyspigmentation, 153 health benefits, PAR-2 receptors, 15 STI, 15 sunscreen, 161 UVB-induced skin damage, 152 Soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI), 15, 152 Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 36 37, 39, 41, 46 STI. See Soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) Stress-reduction hypnosis, 145 psychological stress, 139 urticaria, 139 Sulfur corneocyte count and scaling, 200 cutaneous disorders, 200 emollient foam, 200 salicylic acid, 200 shampoos, 200 sodium sulfacetamide, 199 Sunflower seed oil corticosteroids, 211 cream, 116 fatty acids, 114, 210 infection and mortality, 116 linoleic acid vs. oleic acid, vs. olive oil, 116, 211 PPAR pathway, , 210 sunflower seed allergy, 115 Sun protection antioxidant effects, 25 carotenoids, niacinamide, pigment darkening, 24 PLE, polyphenols, ROS, 24 systemic photoprotection, UVR, 23 T Tea tree oil (TTO) acne, debridement and clinical assessment, 180 dermatophyte infection, 180 distal subungual onychomycosis, 180 erythema, 197 and iodine preparation, Melaleuca alternifolia, 179, 188, 197 molluscum, 172 MRSA eradication regimens, 189 mupiricin, 189 pruritus, 197 shampoo/placebo, 198 topical antimicrobial agent, 179, 189 treatment, 189 Thompson, M.M., 2

9 Index 225 Topical calcineurin inhibitors, 2, 112, 133, 149 Topical corticosteroids, 112, 115 anti-inflammatory, 132 antimicrobial effects, 132 anti-pruritic, 132 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) AD, 133 herbal medications (Zemaphyte), 124 herbal vs. placebo, 125 pharmacologic effects, 123 RCT approach, 123 SCORAD reduction, 125 single herbal therapy or cream, 123 TTO. See Tea tree oil (TTO) Turmeric (curcumin) PASI score, 102 phosphorylase kinase (PhK), 102 psoriasis, 101 tumor necrosis factor (TNF), 101 U Ultraviolet radiation (UVR), 23 Urticaria chronic idiopathic, classification, 137 conventional treatments, 138 dietary modification, 138, elimination and antiinflammatory diets, 143 gluten-free diets, hypnosis, or hives, 137 pathogenesis, 137 pseudoallergen-free diet, 143 RTC, 145 stress-reduction, 140 treatment, 140 urticarial papules, 140 vitamin D, 142 UVB phototherapy, 159 UVR. See Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) V Virgin coconut oil (VCO) vs. mineral oil, RCT trial, 118 staphylococcal colonization, 117 Vitamin B3, 17, Vitamin B12 moisturizers, nitric oxide, 121 RCT, 121 Vitamin C acne, 57 l-ascorbic acid, 12 carotenoids, 13 depigmenting properties, 151 melasma, 151 photodamage and cutaneous aging, 149 postmenopausal women, 13 SAP, 57 water-soluble antioxidant, 149 Vitamin D in AD, 120 anti-bacterial proteins, 120 cholecalciferol, 120, 141 conventional therapy, 142 EASI score and IGA score, 121 melanoma, supplementation, 42 urticaria/angioedema, 142 winter eczema, 120 Vitiligo. See Depigmentation cytotoxic mechanism, 149 gingko biloba, 156, 162 loss of melanocytes, monobenzyl ether or hydroquinone, 149 l-phenylalanine, pigmentation, polypodium leucotomos, psychological stress, 156 treatment, 150 vitamin B12 deficiency, 159 Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI), 157

10 226 Index W Warts garlic, 170 human papillomavirus, 165 oral propolis, 173 treatment, 165, 168 verrucous papules, 166 zinc, Weinstock, M.A., 42 Winter eczema, 120 Wood s lamp examination, 156 Z Zemaphyte. See Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Zinc acne, 68 oral zinc sulfate, 168, 169 warts,