List of Muscles and Function. Region View Muscle Function Facial Anterior/Oblique Occipitofrontalis front belly Raises eyebrows
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1 List of Muscles and Function Region View Muscle Function Facial Anterior/Oblique Occipitofrontalis front belly Raises eyebrows Orbicularis oculi Closes eye Orbicularis oris Purses lips Zygomaticus minor/major Elevates & retracts lip and mouth Buccinator Compresses cheeks Depressor anguli oris Depress corner of mouth Facial Lateral Masseter Elevate mandible/close jaw Principle masticator Temporalis Elevates jaw, masticator Neck Anterior Platysma Depress mandible, tense neck Sternocleidomastoid Flex neck together Rotate head to opposite side alone Anterior Omohyoid Depress hyoid & larynx deep section Sternohyoid Depress hyoid & larynx Abdomen Anterior Rectus abdominis Vertebral flexion/compression External oblique Vertebral flexion/rotation/comp deep section Internal oblique Vertebral flexion/rotation/comp deep section Transversus abdominis Compress abdomen deep section Diaphragm Quiet respiration Shoulder Posterior Trapezius Elev/depress/adduct/up.rotation Girdle Serratus anterior Abduction, upward rotation Rhomboid major/minor Adduction, downward rotation Anterior deep section Pectoralis minor Abduction, downward rotation Shoulder Posterior Latissimus dorsi Adduct, inward rotation, extension Joint Teres major Adduct, inward rotation, extension *Supraspinatus Abduction and stabilization *Infraspinatus Adduction, outward rotation *Teres minor Adduction, outward rotation Anterior ribs removed *Subscapularis Adduction, inward rotation *Above four comprise the Rotator Cuff Anterior Pectoralis major, inward rotation, Coracobrachialis Adduction, flexion Biceps brachii Triceps brachii long head Post/Lat/Ant Deltoid all fibers Abduct, ant. fibers in.rot/flex post. fibers outrot/flex Elbow Joint Anterior Biceps brachii, supination of hand Brachialis Brachioradialis. Pro/supination to midpos. Posterior Triceps brachii 58
2 Region View Muscle Function Wrist & Hand Anterior Long Flexors Flexor carpi radialis of wrist and hand Palmaris longus of wrist and hand Flexor carpi ulnaris of wrist and hand Posterior Long Extensors Extensor carpi radialis long. of wrist and hand Extensor digitorum of wrist and hand Extensor carpi ulnaris of wrist and hand Hip Joint Anterior Iliopsoas deep section Iliacus, outward rotation Psoas major, outward rotation Quadriceps femoris Rectus femoris only Sartorius, outward rotation Medial Gracilis Adduction Pectineus, adduction Adductor longus Adduction, flexion Posterior Gluteus maximus, lateral rotation Hamstrings Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps femoris long head Lateral Tensor fasciae latae Iliotibial tract, stabilizes knee Gluteus medius Abduction Knee Joint Anterior Quadriceps femoris Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis deep section Vastus intermedius Posterior Hamstrings Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps femoris both heads Sartorius Gracilis Gastrocmenius Ankle Joint Anterior Tibialis anterior Dorsiflexion Lateral Fibularis longus Eversion Posterior Gastrocnemius Plantarflexion Soleus Plantarflexion Be able to identify all of the above muscles on charts and models 59
3 Be able to identify actions for all of the above muscles Be able to also list the attachments (origin and insertion) for Bolded Muscles Attachments are listed below Principle Skeletal Muscles Thoracic Muscles Rectus Abdominus External Obliques Internal Obliques Pubis & Symphysis Pubis Ribs & Sternum Compresses abdomen, flexes vertebral column Lateral Ribs Ilium & linea alba Compress abdomen, rotates & laterally flexes vertebral column Ilium & inguinal ligament Lower ribs Compresses abdomen, rotates & laterally flexes vertebral column Transverse Abdominus Ilium & lower ribs Sternum, Linea alba, pubis Compresses Abdomen for: forced experation, micturition, defecation, emesis, & parturition Diaphragm Shoulder Girdle Muscles Dome shaped sheet, vertebrae, ribs & sternum Central tendon Floor of thoracic cavity Resperation: contracts & flattens=inspiration Relaxes & rises=exhalation Trapezius Flat sheet of muscle on upper back. Four muscles Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, C 7 -T 12 spinous processes Outer clavicle, spine & acromion of scapula Elevation, Depression, Adduction & Up. Rot. of Scap. Pectoralis Minor Small anterior, upper chest deep to pec major Ribs 3-5 near costal cartilage Coracoid process of scapula Depression, Abduction & Downward Rotation Serratus Anterior Sawtoothed insertion Lateral ribs 1-8/9 Entire anterior, medial border of scapula Abduct & upward rotation of scapula 60
4 Shoulder Joint Muscles Deltoid Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis Action : Acromion & spine of scapula, clavicle Detloid tuberosity of humerus Abducts, flexes, extends (horiz.) rotates (in. & out.) Supraspinous fossa of scapula Top of greater tubercle of humerus Abduction of shoulder joint <90, prevents dislocation Infraspinus fossa of scapula Greater tubercle of humerus Outward rotation, extension (horiz), adduction Inferior lateral border of scapula Greater tubercle of humerus (w/ infraspinatus) Outward rotation, extension (horiz), adduction Subscapular fossa of scapula Lesser tubercle of humerus Inward rotation ********** Above four muscles Rotator Cuff ********** Latissimus Dorsi T 7 -L 5 spinous processes, Post. iliac crest & sacrum, Medial border of intertubercular groove of humerus Adduction, extension, inward rotation Pectoralis Major Clavicle, Sternum, Costal cartilages of ribs 2-6 Lateral border of intertubercular groove of humerus Adduction, Horizontal Teres Major Elbow Joint Muscles Lateral border to inferior angle of scapula Medial border of intertubercular groove of humerus Adduction, Inward rotation, Biceps Brachii Actions at 3 joints Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Short Head: Coracoid process of scapula Radial tuberosity ** Display changes in length** Flexes elbow, supinates hand, Flexes shoulder joint (Long Head) 61
5 Brachialis "Upper Arm Muscle" Inferior, anterior humerus Below coronoid process on the tuberosity of ulna of elbow (workhorse of flexors) Brachioradialis Inserton: Lateral inferior humerus Styloid process of radius Elbow flexion (strongest at midposition) Pronation & Supination to midposition Triceps Brachii Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle of humerus Lateral & Medial Head: Post humerus Olecranon of unla Elbow extension of shoulder joint (long head) Muscles of Forearm of Wrist Long Flexors Inserion: Long Extensors Hip Joint Muscles Iliopsoas Gluteus Maximus Adductors Anterior medial epicondyle of humerus Palmar surface of wrist & hand of wrist & fingers Posterior, lateral epicondyle of humerus Dorsal surface of wrist & hand of wrist & fingers Iliac fossa, sides of bodies T 12 -L 5 vertebrae Lesser trochanter of femur & outward rotation of hip joint of lumbar vertebrae Posterior ilum, sacrum & cocyx Lateral femur & outward rotation of hip joint Pubis Medial & posterior femur Adduction & outward rotation Hamstrings - Biceps Femoris, Semimembranosus &Semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity Biceps Femoris: Head of fibula & lateral tibia Semimembranosus &Semitendinosus: Medial tibia of hip & flexion of knee 62
6 Sartorius (Longest) Tailor's ASIS Medial tibial tuberosity Flexes hip & knee Gracilis Symphysis pubis & pubis Inserton: Medial tibia Adduction of hip Knee Joint Muscles Quadriceps Hamstrings Ankle Joint Muscles Gastrocnemius Inserton: Soleus Insertion; Rectus Femoris: AIIS Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius: Femur Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament of knee (RF Hip Flex.) of knee Posterior femoral epicondyles Calcaneus via Achille's Tendon Plantarflexion, knee flexion Posterior tibia & fibula Calcaneus via Achille's Tendon Plantarflexion 63
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