Exercise Science (Muscle Anatomy and Physiology) PPL10 Date: May 11 th, 2015
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1 Exercise Science (Muscle Anatomy and Physiology) PPL10 Date: May 11 th, 2015
2 Examples of Strength and Physique Athletes
3 The Principle of Muscles The most important principle for muscles is the use it or lose it principle. Every person born has the same amount or number of muscles. The difference lies in how big you make those muscles in regards to training. Thus, women and men have the same number of muscles though men have an advantage in building muscle and strength.
4 Question: Do we turn on and off our muscles when we are walking or sitting vs running or lifting weights?
5 Major Muscles of the Body
6 Major Muscles of the Upper Body
7 Major Muscles of the Lower Body
8 Lower body orientation Front thigh: Quadriceps Back of the Thigh: Hamstrings Bum: Gluteus Maximus and Medius Front Lower Leg: Tibialias Anterior Calves: Gastrocnemius and Soleus Adductors: Inside the thigh (Medial) Abductors: Outside the thigh (Lateral)
9 The Muscular System Skeletal muscle (the muscle that surrounds your skeletal system and attaches to it) is the single largest organ in your body. 40% of your mass comes from muscle alone. They also play a role in protecting your vital organs, particularly your abdominal muscles (because you can brace them)
10 What is a Muscle? A band or bundle of fibrous tissue in a human or animal body that has the ability to contract, producing movement in or maintaining the position of parts of the body. When you think of muscles, you think of them as one whole tissue. However, muscles are made up of many muscle fibers,
11 Enter the Fiber
12 What is aerobic and anaerobic? Aerobic: Refers to an activity that requires oxygen to be present (i.e. long distance running) Anaerobic: Does not require oxygen or at the very least, very minimum levels (i.e. 100m sprint) Certain fiber types will be better suited for aerobic or anaerobic activities
13 Muscle Fiber Composition All different types of skeletal muscle fibers perform the same function (i.e. produce a contraction in order to exert force) The differences between the three main fiber types are in their size, fatigue capacity, and amount of force produced.
14 The three fiber types Type 1 a Type 2a Type 2b Slow twitch Oxidative Fast Twitch Oxidative Fast Twitch Glycolytic Efficient Oxygen Use (Purely Aerobic) Combination of Aerobic and Anaerobic Metabolism Primarily Anaerobic Marathon 800m dash 100m sprint Low but frequent force production Moderate force production High force production
15 2 nd question: Does genetics influence how individuals develop muscle or respond to strength training?
16
17 The Role of ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate) ATP is the molecule responsible for all energy being produced in the body (organs need ATP to do their own functions) The calories you consume will form the building blocks of ATP production. If you have no ATP, or you depleted them during extremely stressful training, you will not be able to use your muscles any further!
18 Sliding Filament Theory
19 What is it? The sliding filament theory is the theory that explains how muscle contraction works. Two filaments comprised of actin and myosin slide towards each other, thus producing force. When you contract your bicep (flex your elbow up) your muscle shortens and this is exactly what is happening on the molecular level. When they separate from one another, the muscle relaxes.
20 Intro Video to Muscle Contractions
21 Cross Bridge Cycle
22 Cross Bridge Cycle
23 Troponin and Tropomyosin Two proteins on the actin filament that act as gatekeepers or locks for calcium to open it. When calcium (Ca+) binds to troponin, it lifts the tropomyosin off to allow the myosin heads to bind to the actin heads, allowing for the cross bridge to occur. ATP is formed from myosin, the myosin head detaches from actin and then ATP is split again into ADP + P.
24 Troponin and Tropomyosin
25 Three types of muscle contractions Concentric muscle contraction: Shortening Eccentric muscle contraction: Lengthening Isometric muscle contraction: Staying Still
26 Muscle Contractions
27 So how do you get bigger muscles?
28 Note: This transformation does not represent everyone s potential
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