A&P 1 Muscle Lab Guide #4 - ID the Muscles Moving the Hip and Leg Lab Exercises

Transcription

1 1 A&P 1 Muscle Lab Guide #4 - ID the Muscles Moving the Hip and Leg Lab Exercises #1 Have someone in your group read the following out loud, while the others read along: Opening Paragraph (we'll be referring to this later) Every instructor wants you to do a different set of muscles. And, instructors differ in which origins, insertions & actions they want the student to know. In this guide, we will be studying the body's muscles by body regions (muscles of the head, muscles of the leg, etc.). For each region, we will indicate which images you should use, and which models. If the exact image or model is not available to you, find the closest match. Read me! Throughout this guide, in order to save room, we will abbreviate "Actions, Origins and Insertions as O,I&As To begin: In your book, find the labeled image similar to this one, using it to find most superficial muscles: Appendix 1 has a copy of this unlabeled image, which you can label later to test yourself! Continued on next page

2 2 #2 Then, make sure you find all the muscles you can on these models in the room: Dissected muscle model (find almost all of the muscles!) "Muscle Man" model (find all superficial muscles!) Torso Model is especially good for thoracic and abdominal The arm and leg models come apart, so you can see deep muscles

3 3 Step 1. Muscles of the Leg, moving the hip, knee, ankle and toes #1 Every instructor wants you to do a different set of muscles. We need to list the ones our instructor wants us to ID! Q1. On a separate piece of paper, make a list of the muscles of the regions listed below that your instructor wants you to know. You can use the images in your lecture or lab book to help with the names. If a muscle moves more than one category, list it in both. (example: you'll be listing the biceps brachii in two categories!) Read me! If your instructor gave you some sort of table or list, you may skip this step. Write "none" if you do not have to know any in a category: Region #1. Muscles crossing the anterior hip Region #2. Muscles crossing the posterior hip Region #3. Muscles crossing the lateral or medial hip or knee Region #4. Muscles crossing the anterior knee and foreleg Region #5. Muscles crossing the posterior knee and foreleg Region #6. Muscles crossing the ankle and foot Region #7 Other muscles that don't quite fit into those categories Region #8. Other structures not listed yet (aponeuroses, etc.)

4 4 Q2. Find the muscles on the models in the lab room. Use the images on the following page to make a "labeled key" as you move along. Also find and label any other structures you need to know (aponeuroses, etc.). If you are having trouble labeling something on the images, there will be a place for you to list those at the end. Leg Model Dissected muscle model (find almost all of the muscles!) Labeling images found on next page

5 More images found on next page 5

6 6 Medial Lateral

7 7 Q3. List any muscles/structures you couldn't label: Q4. Look at the gluteus maximus on your model. Can you see the origins & insertions you need to know? Write them in the blank below. For now... JUST NAME THE BONES!! Q5. What is the action of the gluteus maximus muscle that you need to know? Perform them to your lab mates. Q6. Look at the rectus femoris muscles on your model. Can you see the origins & insertions you need to know? Write them in the blank below. Q7. What are the actions of the rectus femoris muscle that you need to know? Perform them to your lab mates. Q8. Look at the other quadriceps muscles on your model. Can you see the origins & insertions you need to know? Write them in the blank below.

8 8 Q9. Name the large tendon and ligament that attaches ALL the quadriceps to the tibia: Q10. What is the main difference between the rectus femoris and the other quadriceps muscles, in terms of the origins & insertions? What is the main difference in the actions? Q11. Look at all the hamstring muscles on your model. you see the origins & insertions? Write them in the blank below. Q12. What are the actions of the hamstring muscles that you need to know? Perform them to your lab mates. Q13. There are a lot of small muscles on the medial side of the thigh. They show some trends in their origin & insertion. Can you see the origins & insertions? Write them in the blank below. For now...just NAME THE BONES!

9 9 Q14. There are a lot of small muscles on the medial side of the thigh. They show some trends in their actions. What do they all do? Q15. There is a large muscle on the medial side of the thigh called the Gracilis. Does it share these trends? Q16. Look at the sartorius on your model. Can you see the origins & insertions you need to know? Write them in the blank below. For now... JUST NAME THE BONES!! Q17. What is the action of the sartorius muscle that you need to know? Perform them to your lab mates. Q18. Look at the gastrocnemius on your model. Can you see the origins & insertions? Write them in the blank below. For now...just NAME THE BONES! Q19. Name the large tendon that attaches the gastrocnemius to the calcaneus:

10 Q20. What other origins, insertions and actions do you have to know for these muscles? Can you see the origins & insertions? For now...just NAME THE BONES! Also identify which actions you need to know. Make a table on a separate piece of paper. Perform the actions for your lab mates. 10 Q21. Identify the antagonistic pairs and synergists of the hip, knee and ankle. Name the muscles that you have to know which perform these actions. Duplicate muscle names if you need to. Perform both these functions: Flex the hip, extend the knee (hint: two muscles do that!): Flex the hip, no movement at the knee (hint: just one muscle does that!): Flexes both the hip AND the knee (hint: just one muscle does that!) Perform both these functions: Extend the hip, flex the knee (hint: three muscles do that!): Rotate and/or circumduct the hip: Special flection of the ankle:

11 Step 2. Identify specific origins & insertions your instructor wants you to know! 11 #1 Have someone read this aloud: Up to now, we've been studying origins & insertions by naming the bones that muscles attach to. However, some instructors may want us to be more specific. For example, you may have to know that the quadriceps muscles all insert on the tibial tuberosity of the tibia. Or that the Deltoid originates on the spine of the scapula. It is the student's responsibility to study these on their own. Hopefully, this guide has given you the skills to do that! On a separate piece of paper, make a table summarizing the specific origins & insertions that you need to know. Look at these structures on an articulated skeleton while you do this.

12 12 Q 22. Label On the images below: fasciculi(us) (twice!) perimysium (just once) muscle fiber (twice!) endomysium (just once)

13 13 Step 3. Muscle Tissue Slides. Read me! Ask your instructor if you need to do this step. In the room, there is a microscope station with skeletal muscle tissue. Identify the structures on the slide your instructor wants you to know. List of structures I need to know: Draw what I see on the slide, labeling the structures listed above:

14 14 Step 4. Muscle Cell Model. Read me! Ask your instructor if you need to do this step List of structures I need to know off cell model: Label the diagram while studying the model: