b) List the steps that may occur in hemostasis with a brief explanation of what happens in those steps.

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1 UNIT 6: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 1) List the three general functions of BLOOD. REVIEW QUESTIONS Blood 2) a) What are the three formed elements /cellular elements in blood (use anatomy vocabulary)? b) List 6 things found in plasma, the liquid portion of blood? c) Where is hemoglobin found specifically? 3) a) What is the name of RBC (erythrocyte) formation? b) Where do blood cells form? c) Erythropoietin is available as a drug (sold by Amgen!). Why would athletes abuse it? 4) Approximately how long does a RBC live? Where are they recycled? 5) a) What is hemostasis? b) List the steps that may occur in hemostasis with a brief explanation of what happens in those steps. c) Discuss the roles of fibrinogen and fibrin in blood clot formation. 6) Distinguish between a THROMBUS and an EMBOLUS.

2 7) a) A person who has Type B blood has what type of antigens on their red blood cells? b) What antibodies are in their plasma? c) What type(s) of blood could a Type B person receive in a transfusion? 8) What happens when there is a mismatched blood transfusion? 9) a) If a person is Rh+, do they make anti-rh antibodies? b) If a person is Rh-, do they make anti-rh antibodies? c) When is there an issue with Rh factor in pregnancy and why? 10) a) Which blood type is the universal recipient (include Rh factor as well)? Why? b) Which blood type is the universal donor (include Rh factor as well)? Why? c) Why can a person receive platelets donated by anyone, but must receive a particular type of whole blood? 11) Briefly escribe the following blood conditions: a) hemophilia: b) anemia: c) leukemia: 12) What is polycythemia and when does it occur naturally? Major Arteries and Veins Review Questions 1) Name the largest artery in the human body: largest vein? 2) What is the major vein that returns blood from the walls of the heart (myocardium) to the right atrium? (2 names; use your notes) 3) a) List the three layers of blood vessel walls and describe how what that layer is made of leads to its function.

3 b) What are 2 key structural differences between arteries and veins in regard to these layers? 4) What is the key function of capillaries? 5) Match the arteries in column A with the regions supplied in column B. Place the letter of your choice in the space. (some are not on your required list; use your brain or the college textbook!) Column A Column B A) anterior tibial artery 1) jaw, teeth, and brain B) brachial artery 2) muscles of the chest wall C) bronchial artery 3) kidney D) carotid artery 4) pelvis E) mesenteric artery 5) foot and toes F) hepatic artery 6) thigh G) iliac artery 7) triceps muscle H) axillary artery 8) knee joint I) femoral artery 9) lung tissue J) popliteal artery 10) spleen K) renal artery 11) lower arm muscles L) splenic artery 12) intestines and colon M) ulnar artery 13) liver STUDY QUESTIONS Heart 1) What is the function of the foramen ovale and ductus anteriosis in a fetus? 2) What ensures: a) that the blood on the right and left side of the heart don t mix? b) that the blood only flows in one direction between the atria and ventricles and from ventricles to arteries? 3a) Explain the structural relationship between the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. 3b) How does this anatomical structure lead to its function in the heart? 4) Why does the left ventricle have thicker, more muscular walls (myocardium) than the right ventricle?

4 5) What is the pericardium? 6) Complete the following chart summarizing the components involved in cardiac conduction. Component Where is it in the heart? Role in cardiac conduction? SA node AV node Purkinje fibers 7) Differentiate between systole and diastole. 8) Fill in the following chart: Conduction Phase AV Valves (open or closed?) Atrial Systole Semilunar valves (open or closed?) Blood being pumped (Y or N?); Direction? Ventricular Systole Diastole 9) What is happening in each of these blood circuit patterns? a) pulmonary: b) systemic: c) coronary: 10a) In which blood vessels is blood pressure greatest? 10b) In which blood vessels is blood pressure lowest? 10c) Smooth muscle in which vessels constrict or dilate to affect blood pressure? 10d) Explain what the 2 numbers in a blood pressure reading (such as 120/70) tells you? 11) How is blood pressure regulated by negative feedback?

5 12) Describe the following heart conditions: a) PFO: b) Atherosclerosis: c) Arteriosclerosis: d) Bradycardia: e) Tachycardia: f) Aneurysm: g) Heart murmur: How would a doctor diagnose a heart murmur? 13a) When a blood clot forms in a vessel supplying the heart and oxygen supplies are cut off, the heart tissue dies. The result is a. 13b) When a blood clot forms in a vessel supplying the brain and brain tissue dies as a result of a lack of oxygen, the result is a. 14)Complete the following chart comparing two heart-related medical conditions: Condition What is it? / Symptoms? Caused by? ANGINA PECTORIS MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION 15) State the two anatomical causes of varicose veins from your notes. **KNOW: The pathway of blood as it flows through a complete systematic and pulmonary cycle. (Include all chambers, valves, and blood vessels associated with the heart & lungs.)