Cardiovascular System

Transcription

1 Cardiovascular System

2 angio BELLWORK Day One: Define using technology hemo/hema cardio

3 Medical Therapeutics Standards 11) Outline the gross normal structure and function of all body systems and summarize appropriate medical texts in order to relate sign and symptoms of common diseases and disorders associated with each. (the circulatory system) 12) Relate a therapeutic procedure or treatment to a specific body system. Create a digital or written artifact explaining anatomy involved with the treatment, reason for treatment, health care professionals assisting or performing treatment and patient education, including precautions that should occur prior to the treatment or procedure.

4 A&P Standards 34) Outline the structure and functions of the anatomy of the cardiovascular system, paying special attention to the musculature of the walls, the chambers, and the valves of the heart and blood vessels. Locate and demonstrate the circulation of blood through the heart; describe the phases and importance of the cardiac cycle and how heart rate and cardiac output relate to one another. Listen to heart sounds, either digitally or with a stethoscope, to identify the normal and abnormal sounds made during the cardiac cycle. Explain the causes for abnormal sounds encountered.

5 Objectives Name the parts of the cardiovascular system and discuss the function of each part. Label/Color the heart diagram. Research and identify the major arteries and veins of the circulatory system.

6 The Heart The Heart Pumps blood through the blood vessels to all body cells. Is covered by a protective sac called the pericardium. Is divided into right and left sides by the septum. Each side consists of an atria and a ventricle.

7 Layers of the Heart Layers of the Heart Inside the pericardium, the heart has three layers of tissue. Epicardium (outermost layer) endocardium Myocardium (middle layer of muscular tissue) Endocardium (inner layer) myocardium epicardium

8 Heart Chambers Heart Chambers Right and left atria are the upper chambers of the heart. Right and left ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart. Fibers in the ventricles (Purkinje fibers) cause the ventricles to contract. Blood flows through the heart in only one direction regulated by valves.

9 Arteries and Veins Arteries Carry blood away from the heart. V e i n s Carry blood toward the heart.

10 APEX What is the function of these valves?

11 Coronary Coronary Circulation Circulation Circulation of blood within the heart muscle by the coronary arteries. Coronary arteries branch off of the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. Coronary arteries encircle the heart to supply the heart muscle with about 100 gallons of blood daily. The heart requires more oxygen than any other organ in the body except the brain.

12 Pulmonary Pulmonary Circulation Circulation Circulation of blood between the heart and lungs. Pulmonary arteries are the only arteries to carry blood low in oxygen. Pulmonary veins are the only veins to carry oxygen rich blood.

13 Systemic Circulation Systemic Circulation Flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the entire body. artery arteriole capillary venule vein Blood travels through the body in a surge as a result of the heart contractions. Blood vessels become smaller in diameter as the blood leaves the heart. Remember arteries leave the heart and veins return to the heart. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels and they serve as a transfer station between the arteries and veins.

14 Activity: Watch the video from Khan Academy. Use the video and your book to label the heart!!! (page 327) Make sure to use red and blue colors to distinguish the oxygen rich blood and the oxygen poor blood. Then use the following slide to draw and label the path of blood flow in the human body!!

15 The path of blood flow. Draw the colorcoded diagram.

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17 Carotid Brachial Radial Ascending aorta Descending aorta Femoral Popliteal Dorsalis pedis

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19 Veins to Know Jugular Subclavian Cephalic Brachial Basilic Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Great saphenous Femoral Popliteal

20 Group Activity: Draw a human figure. One group will research the arteries and one group will research and draw the major veins. Identify and draw the ones that are need to know from the PPT. Label common sites for intravenous lines (Ivs), arterial lines, sheaths for catheterizations.

21 Bellwork Day 2 Define using technology brady as in bradycardia tachy as in tachycardia athero as in atherosclerosis arterio as in arteriosclerosis thrombus embolus phelbitis

22 Standards 34) Outline the structure and functions of the anatomy of the cardiovascular system, paying special attention to the musculature of the walls, the chambers, and the valves of the heart and blood vessels. Locate and demonstrate the circulation of blood through the heart; describe the phases and importance of the cardiac cycle and how heart rate and cardiac output relate to one another. Listen to heart sounds, either digitally or with a stethoscope, to identify the normal and abnormal sounds made during the cardiac cycle. Explain the causes for abnormal sounds encountered.

23 Objectives

24 Conduction System Part 2 Conduction System The heart s pacemaker causes regular contracting of the myocardium resulting in a regular heartbeat or pulse, which is beats per minute.

25 Conduction System Sinoatrial node (Pacemaker) Atrioventricular node Bundle of His Right and Left Bundle Branches Purkinje Fibers Use your technology, label these on your heart diagram with pen or marker.

26 Heart rate or pulse should be between 60 to100 beats per minute. Auscultation means listening. Physicians use a stethoscope to listen to the heart. The sound lub dub is actually the valves in the heart closing. First, the atrioventricular valves close, and then the pulmonary and aortic valves.

27 Conduction Conduction SystemPart 3 Factors affecting the heart rate: Health status Physical activity Emotions Medicine Drug use Alcohol During one cardiac cycle the heart contracts and relaxes. Cardiac Cycle = 1 contraction + 1 relaxation

28 Risk Factors to Developing Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Pathology poor diet smoking lack of exercise Abnormal rhythms are called arrhythmias. Bradycardia (less than 60) Tachycardia (greater than 100) Atrial Fibrillation (both atria beat chaotically and irregularly) Ventricular Fibrillation (ventricles stop pumping blood/most serious) Heart Rhythm Flutter (beating harder or faster, palpitations; may or may not be disease related) Murmur (defect in valve, fails to close properly, gurgling or hissing sound)

29 Common Pulse Locations in the following arteries: BRACHIAL pulse used to measure blood pressure in the arm CAROTID major artery to head and neck, pulse in the neck RADIAL pulse in the wrist, usually used to take a pulse rate FEMORAL major artery for procedures, located at the top of leg, medial to hip joint POPLITEAL behind the knee, used to determine blood flow to legs when arteriosclerosis is suspected PEDAL- top of the foot checked with foot injuries Activity: Calculate your pulse with a partner!!! You can count for a full minute, or 15 seconds and multiply by four.

30 Blood Pressure Blood Pressure Measures the force of the blood surging against the walls of the arteries. Systole Contraction phase of the heart Diastole Relaxation phase of the heart

31 Blood Pressure Hypertension (too high) Hypotension (too low) Blood pressure abnormalities can damage the heart and other body systems. The average blood pressure should be around 120/80. Surge of blood when heart pumps creates pressure against the walls of the arteries SYSTOLIC PRESSURE measured during the contraction phase DIASTOLIC PRESSURE measured when the ventricles are relaxed Average systolic = 120 Average diastolic = 80 Activity: Obtain blood pressure from your partner!!!

32 General Heart & Lung Diseases Myocardial infarction Disruption of blood flow to the heart muscle; also called heart attack. Cardiac Arrest Also known as asystole, is the sudden stopping of the heart. Congestive Heart Failure Occurs when the heart is unable to pump the necessary amount of blood.

33 Specific Inflammatory Heart Conditions Specific Inflammatory Conditions of the Heart endocarditis bacterial endocarditis myocarditis pericarditis Other Conditions cardiomyopathy intracardiac tumor

34 Activity: Directed Reading Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm In addition to answering the 10 questions also complete the following: Define abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Draw Figure 2 and then describe the anatomy of the aortic arch in 5-7 sentences. How does age affect the aorta? List a few possible risk factors related to AAA. Describe the signs and symptoms related to a AAA. List some possible tests given to screen for AAA. Name at least three healthcare professionals a patient might see who is being screened or treated for AAA. Describes the types of AAA repair, including treatment for a ruptured AAA. Describe possible risks or complications after AAA repair. Name all of the imaging modalities that would be involved with a AAA patient.