Bellwork Define: hemostasis anticoagulation hemophilia (Then write the underline portion of the two state standards in your notes).

Transcription

1 Bellwork Define: hemostasis anticoagulation hemophilia (Then write the underline portion of the two state standards in your notes).

2 A&P Standards 31) Identify the liquid and cellular components of blood using appropriate medical terminology. Summarize the structural characteristics, normal levels, function, and life span of each. Evaluate the information to explain how and where each component is manufactured (i.e., as with hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis) and what happens if there are complications with the development. 33) Describe the roles of antigens and antibodies in the blood while explaining the ABO system and Rh classification system. In a lab setting with simulated blood, determine the ABO and Rh with an explanation of results written in a scientific method format. circulatory system 2

3 Objectives The students will be able to: Identify the four components of blood and label their location in a test tube drawing. Distinguish between the 8 types of blood, including their ABO and Rh factors, by creating a diagram and bulletin board. Explain the importance of this knowledge relating to patient care and practice giving blood transfusions to animated patients. circulatory system 3

4 Structures of the circulatory system Blood Heart Arteries Veins Capillaries circulatory system 4

5 Hemat- = blood -ology = the study of Blood (Hematology) The average adult has 8 10 pints. circulatory system 5

6 Blood One drop of blood contains: 5 million RBCs 250, ,000 platelets 7,500 WBCs Red blood cells live 120 days. Make new blood cells 2 million per second! circulatory system 6

7 Structures of the blood Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes circulatory system 7

8 Plasma Draw the vial below Plasma Whole blood or Cellular elements circulatory system 8

9 Plasma proteins Plasma Whole Blood or Cellular elements circulatory system 9

10 Erythrocytes (Red cells) Biconcave disk Hemoglobin Transportation Oxygen Carbon dioxide circulatory system 10

11 Leukocytes (White cells) Larger than erythrocytes Five types WBCs and Platelets (Buffy Coat) Leuk/o/cytes white cells circulatory system 11

12 Leukocytes (White cells) Agranulocytes (white blood cells without granules) Lymphocytes Monocytes circulatory system 12

13 Leukocytes White cells) Granulocytes (white blood cells with granules) Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils circulatory system 13

14 Thrombocytes (Platelets) Smallest of solid components of blood Synthesized in red marrow Not cells, composed of fragments of megakaryocytes Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process circulatory system 14

15 Blood types Inherited from parents Determined by presence or absence of an antigen protein on the surface of the red blood cell circulatory system 15

16 In 1901, the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood may be grouped into four main types. Based on the reaction that resulted when blood from different individuals were mixed. circulatory system 16

17 Antibodies vs. Antigens (opposities) Antibodies cling onto antigens to either sterilize or kill the target cell. Antibodies are weapons or keys to attack and destroy a cell. Antigens are locks or security gates in a cell. circulatory system 17

18 Blood types Someone with type A antigen has B antibodies Someone with type B antigen has A antibodies Someone with type AB antigen has no antibodies Someone with type O antigen has A and B antibodies Blood type O = universal donor Blood type AB = universal recipient circulatory system 18

19 Rh factor Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited trait that refers to a specific protein found on the surface of red blood cells (antigen). Although Rh factor doesn't affect the patient s health, it can affect pregnancy. This also must be considered when donating blood. Blood used in transfusions must match donors for Rh status as well as for ABO blood type. circulatory system 19

20 Rh factor In 1940, the Rh factor was discovered as a result of studying Rhesus monkeys. When blood from monkeys was injected into rabbits and guinea pigs, it clotted. circulatory system 20

21 Rh factor If the blood has the protein, the patient is Rh positive. If the blood lacks the protein, the patient is Rh negative. Work through guided notes for the crash course video. 21

22 Rh factor important circulatory system 22

23 Hopefully this helps to explain Rh factor and its importance. circulatory system 23

24 Activities in small group: Click on the following website. er/readmore.html Read the article. Make a chart of the blood types. Make this creative and easy to understand. Outline who can give blood to whom. Outline who can receive blood from whom. Then take assigned blood type to create a bulletin board. Play the game, and practice giving blood transfusions to patients. circulatory system 24

25 Exit ticket In your own words explain the importance of blood typing. What are the four major components of blood. Individual Activity: Research who might be a candidate for a blood transfusion. Why would a person need blood, plasma, platelets, albumin? circulatory system 25

26 Circulatory System Bellwork circulatory system 26

27 Standards circulatory system 27

28 Objectives circulatory system 28

29 Structures of the circulatory system Heart circulatory system 29

30 Heart The heart is a double pump. Think of the heart as having a right side and a left side. circulatory system 30

31 Heart Superior vena cava Aortic semilunar valve Right atrium Tricuspid valve Inferior vena cava Right ventricle Septum Aorta Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Left atrium Bicuspid (mitral) valve Pulmonary semilunar valve Left ventricle Apex circulatory system 31

32 Layers of the heart Right atrium Left atrium Pericardium Myocardium Right ventricle Endocardium Left ventricle circulatory system 32

33 Atrium, plural is atria = upper chambers of the heart Ventricles = lower chambers of the heart circulatory system 33

34 Pericardium- layer around the heart Myocardium- cardiac muscle tissue, makes up the major portion of the heart. Endocardium- inside lining of the heart

35 Apex of the heart (conical tip that lies on the diaphragm and points to the left). Area where the heartbeat is most easily felt and heard through the stethoscope. circulatory system 35

36 Septum circulatory system 36

37 Heart valves (4) permit the blood to flow in one direction only! No back-ups here, traffic keeps flowing in the same direction. circulatory system 37

38 Conduction system of heart beats circulatory system 38

39 Average person s heart rate beats per minute circulatory system 39

40 Cardiopulmonary circulation circulatory system 40

41 Systemic circulation blood travels from the heart to the tissues and cells circulatory system 41

42 Structures of the circulatory system ARTERIES (most muscular type of blood vessel) circulatory system 42

43 Vessels of the circulatory system ARTERIES Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries Elastic, muscular and thick-walled Transport blood under very high pressure Arteries > arterioles > capillaries (Arterioles contain the highest level of O2) circulatory system 43

44 Vessels of the circulatory system Arterial blood Oxygen rich Bright red, spurts circulatory system 44

45 Arteries to know Carotid Brachiocephalic Subclavian Axillary Brachial Radial Thoracic aorta Femoral Popliteal Dorsalis pedis circulatory system 45

46 Structures of the circulatory system VEINS circulatory system 46

47 Vessels of the circulatory system VEINS Carry deoxygenated blood away from capillaries to the heart Veins contain a muscular layer, but less elastic and muscular than arteries Thin walled veins collapse easily when not filled with blood Veins have values that permit flow of blood only in direction of the heart Veins > Venules > Capillaries circulatory system 47

48 Vessels of the circulatory system Venous blood Oxygen poor Dark crimson, oozes circulatory system 48

49 Veins to know Jugular Subclavian Brachiocephalic Axillary Radial Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Great saphenous Femoral Popliteal Dorsalis venous arch circulatory system 49

50 Structures of the circulatory system Capillaries The smallest blood vessels Connect arterioles to venules 1 cell thick Made of endothelial cells circulatory system 50

51 Structures of the circulatory system Trace the flow of blood through the body circulatory system 51

52 circulatory system 52

53 Flow of blood through the body Right side Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right Ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Left Side Pulmonary vein Left atrium Bicuspid valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta Body Lungs CO2 and O2 exchange circulatory system 53

54 Pulse sites Alternating expansion and contraction of an artery as blood flows through it. circulatory system 54

55 Common pulse sites circulatory system 55