Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage of the Left Upper Lobe vs Duplication of the Superior Vena Cava: Distinction
|
|
- Gervais Strickland
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 375 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage of the Left Upper Lobe vs Duplication of the Superior Vena Cava: Distinction Based on CT Findings Evan H. Dillon1 OBJECTIVE. Partial lobe Catharine Camputaro2 and duplication of the superior vena cava have similar appearances on CT scans. The purpose of this study was to review their appearances and provide guidelines for difterentiating between them. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A review of the CT reports for the preceding 4 years disclosed seven patients whose original diagnosis was duplication of the superior vena cava and one patient whose diagnosis was partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the left upper lobe. The 14 CT examinations of these eight patients were reviewed in order to observe the CT findings in each anomaly. RESULTS. In only five of the seven patients whose original diagnosis was duplication of the superior vena cava were CT findings compatible with that diagnosis. In the other two, CT findings were compatible with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the left upper lobe, as they were in the one patient with that as his original diagnosis. Two CT findings allow consistent differentiation. In duplication of the superior vena cava, two vessels can be seen anterior to the left main bronchus, whereas no vessels are present in this location in partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the left upper lobe. Additionally, careful inspection reveals that the intraparenchymal veins in the left upper lobe drain to the normally positioned left superior pulmonary vein in duplication of the superior vena cava, whereas they drain to the anomalous vessel in upper lobe. CONCLUSION. Careful analysis of the CT scans with particular attention to these two features allows difterentiation between partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the left upper lobe and duplication of the superior vena cava. AJR 1993;160: Congenital abnormalities of the major mediastinal venous structures occur in less than 2% of persons who have no other abnormalities [1-5]. Although many congenital anomalies have been described, three occur with sufficient frequency that they will be encountered in routine clinical practice: azygos or hemiazygos continuation of an interrupted inferior vena cava, persistence of a left superior vena cava with on without a coexisting right superior vena cava, and partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Although they may occur in adults who have... no other abnormalities, these three abnormalities also may be associated with a Received July 6, 1992; accepted after revision... August25, wide variety of vascular anomalies and cardiac defects [5-10]. If no other abnor- 1Centrum Radiodiagnostiek, Academisch Ziek- malities are present, only partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is, in enhuis Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 cx itself, a pathologic finding. In this anomaly, blood from the anomalously drained Utrecht, the Netherlands. portion of the lung is recirculated to the right side of the heart, creating a left-to- 2Department of Radiology, Yale University night shunt. Significant overlap exists in the CT findings in duplication of the supe- School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., 2-NF, New.. Haven, CT nor vena cava and partial X/93/ lobe, which is reported to be one of the more common types of partial anomalous American Roentgen Ray Society pulmonary venous drainage [2, 6]. This article describes the CT findings in partial
2 376 DILLON AND CAMPUTARO AJA:160, February 1993 lobe and duplication of the superior vena cava and provides guidelines for differentiating these anomalies. Materials and Methods The CT reports for the preceding 4 years were reviewed. The original diagnosis based on CT findings was duplication of the supenon vena cava in seven patients and partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in one patient. A total of 14 chest CT examinations were performed in these eight patients. Eleven were performed with a General Electric 9800 scanner and three with a Philips LX scannen. Bolus injection of IV contrast material was used for all scans. The injection was via the left arm in nine of the 14 examinations. All the CT scans of these eight patients were reviewed. Particular attention was paid to these features: presence of a left innominate vein crossing the mediastinum, presence of an azygos and/or hemiazygos arch, course of the intrapanenchymal veins in the left upper lobe, appearance of the left hilum, size of the coronary sinus, and CT evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy or dilatation. All the CT scans had been obtained for reasons other than the evaluation of any suspected venous abnormality. One patient had CT for evaluation of a cervical aortic arch, and that examination did not include the area below the left hilum. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the major mediastinal vascular structures of two patients was performed by using the taped CT data in order to provide an easily recognizable projection of the vascular anomalies. An independent 3D system (ISG Technologies, Toronto, Ontario) and a combination of automatic and manual segmentation were used. Results Review of the CT scans in the seven patients whose original diagnosis was duplication of the superior vena cava showed that only five had CT findings compatible with that diagnosis [1, 3, 4] (Fig. 1). In these cases, the right subclavian and jugular veins drained normally to a night superior vena cava, and the left subclavian and jugular veins drained to a left superior vena cava. The left superior vena cava could be seen coursing vertically in the mediastinum lateral to the aortic arch. Three of the five patients with duplication of the superior vena cava had no left innominate vein crossing the mediastinum; two had small left innominate veins (0.4 and 0.6 cm in diameter) (Fig. 2). All five patients had an azygos arch, and one also had a hemiazygos arch. Two vessels were visualized anterior to the left main bronchus at the level of the left hilum. When the lung window settings were used, it was clear that the left upper lobe pulmonary venous tributaries drained to the normally positioned left Superior pulmonary vein, which was located lateral and slightly posterior to the left superior vena cava at this level. Infeniorly, the left superior pulmonary vein entered the left atrium, and the left superior vena cava generally became obscured as it descended posterolateral to the left atrium. In one patient, dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scanning allowed opacification and visualization of the left superior vena cava at this level. Finally, at the lowest level, the coronary sinus was enlarged in all four of the patients in whom this level was Fig. 1.-Dupllcation of superior vena cava. A, Dynamic CT scans obtained to opacity superior vena cava on left side (solid arrows) show persistent superior vena cava lateral to aortlc arch on left side. Anterior to left main bronchus, opacified aberrant vessel can be seen anterior to left superior pulmonary vein (open arrow). Coronary sinus is abnormally large and Is opacified by contrast material (arrowhead). B, 3D reconstruction of CT scans shows course of two superior venae cavae.
3 AJA:160, February 1993 PARTIAL ANOMALOUS PULMONARY VENOUS DRAINAGE 377 Fig. 2.-Duplication of superior vena cava. CT scan shows small opacified left Innominate vein (arrows) anterior to major arterial structures. scanned. In these four patients, the diameters of the coronary sinus measured 1.1, 1.3, 2.1, and 1.8 cm. No obvious signs of right ventricular abnormality were visible on any of the scans. The CT scans showed a total of three other major congenital vascular abnormalities in two of these five patients. One patient had an interrupted inferior vena cava with azygos continuation as well as a prepancreatic portal vein, and one had a cervical aortic arch with pseudocoanctation. Two of the seven patients whose original diagnosis was duplication of the superior vena cava actually had CT findings compatible with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the left upper lobe [11] (Fig. 3). In addition, the one patient whose original diagnosis was partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the left upper lobe had findings compatible with that diagnosis. In these three cases, a vertically oriented venous structure was visible in the left side of the mediastinum lateral to the aortic arch. This vessel was, at the level of the arch, identical in size and appearance to that seen in the cases of superior vena cava duplication. However, just below this level, careful inspection showed that the pulmonary veins of the left upper lobe drained to this anomalous vessel. Visualization of this confluence was easier when lung window settings were used (Fig. 4). The anomalous vessel was connected at its cephalic end to a left innominate vein of normal to large size, which drained to the right superior vena cava. More infeniorly, at the level of the left hilum and in obvious contrast to the findings in cases of superior vena cava duplication, neither the normal left superior pulmonary vein nor the aberrant vessel could be seen anterior to the left main bronchus. In two patients, no structure was visible anterior to the bronchus; in the other patient, the left atnial appendage could be seen in this region. In contrast to the findings in duplication of the superior vena cava, the coronary sinus was normal in size: 4, 9, and 8 mm in diameter in these three patients. A normal azygos arch was present in all three patients, and no hemiazygos arch was seen in any of them. Fig. 3.-Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of left upper lobe. A, CT scans show that large left innominate vein (containing a central venous catheter) receives anomalous vessel (solid arrows). Note absence of vessels anterior to left main bronchus and normal size of coronary sinus (open arrow). B, 3D reconstruction of CT scans shows course of aberrant pulmonary vein in left upper lobe draining into left Innominate vein.
4 378 DILLON AND CAMPUTARO AJR:160, February 1993 These three had no other major vascular abnormalities and no CT evidence of right ventricular abnormality. Discussion A B Duplication of the superior vena cava and partial anomabus pulmonary venous drainage of the left upper lobe are two of the most common major congenital venous abnormalities of the mediastinum. A left superior vena cava occurs in approximately % of persons who have no other abnormalities [1, 3, 4, 8]. This left superior vena cava is part of a duplicated superior vena cava in 82-90% of cases [5, 7]. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of one or more lobes occurs in % of individuals who have no other abnormalities [2, 12, 13]. Although partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is reported in autopsy series to be slightly more common than duplication of the superior vena cava, the paucity of CT reports describing partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage suggests that it may frequently be overlooked or misdiagnosed [11, 13]. This observation is supported by the fact that two of the three cases of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the left upper lobe reported here were initially misdiagnosed as examples of duplication of the superior vena cava. The diagnostic confusion between these two anomalies presumably results from their similar appearances on CT. Both anomalies are characterized by the presence of a vertically oriented anomalous vein lateral to the aortic arch. In duplication of the superior vena cava, this aberrant vein usually conducts blood caudally from the left subclavian and jugular veins to the night atrium via the coronary sinus. In partial lobe, the aberrant vein usually conducts blood cranially from the left upper lobe to the left innominate vein, which then drains into the normally positioned superior vena cava on the right side of the aortic arch. Embryologically, the aberrant vein in both anomalies probably represents a persistent left anterior cardinal vein. Nevertheless, in duplication of the superior vena cava, the vein should be termed a persistent left superior vena cava, whereas in partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the left upper lobe, it should be called a vertical anomalous pulmonary vein, because unlike a persistent left superior vena cava, it does not drain caudally into the coronary sinus [10, 14-16]. Among the major CT findings in these two conditions, two deserve special emphasis: analysis of the course of the parahilar intraparenchymal veins in the left upper lobe and evaluation of the number of vessels anterior to the left main bronchus. The course of the parahilar intraparenchymal pulmonary veins in the left upper lobe can best be appreciated by evaluating images obtained with lung window settings. In upper lobe, these pulmonary veins enter the aberrant vessel at the level of the aorticopulmonary window. In duplication of the superior vena cava, the pulmonary veins in the left upper lobe enter the normally positioned left superior pulmonary vein anterior to the left main bronchus. The number of yessels anterior to the left main bronchus is easily appreciated by using soft-tissue window settings. In persons who have no other abnormalities, only one vessel, the left superior pulmonary vein, is present in this location. In duplication of the superior vena cava, two vessels are present anterior to the left main bronchus, specifically, the left superior pulmonary vein and the more medially located left superior vena cava. In contrast, no vessel is present in this location in patients with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the left upper lobe, although the left atnial appendage may project into this area as itdid in one of our three cases. Other CT findings may also aid in distinguishing between these two anomalies. A normal to large left innominate vein is seen in the expected position in partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the left upper lobe [2, 6, 12, 16]. This vessel is usually absent or small in duplication of the superior vena cava, but a left innominate vein of normal size can occur in up to 20% of cases [5]. Therefore, although the absence of a left innominate vein is a reliable indicator of duplication of the superior vena cava, visualization of this vein does not aid in differentiation. The coronary sinus appears normal in partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the left upper lobe but is usually enlarged in duplication of the superior vena cava, as it receives the Fig. 4.-Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of left upper lobe. A, CT scan displayed with soft-tissue window settings shows aberrant vessel (arrow) anterior to left pulmonary artery. B, CT scan displayed with lung window settings shows small Intraparenchymal veins in left upper lobe (arrow) draining to aberrant vessel.
5 AJR:160, February 1993 PARTIAL ANOMALOUS PULMONARY VENOUS DRAINAGE 379 blood flow from the left subclavian and jugular veins [1, 4, 5]. However, if a left innominate vein is present in patients with duplication of the superior vena cava, a smaller volume of blood courses through the coronary sinus, and the sinus may be more normal in appearance. Additionally, in duplication of the superior vena cava, the coronary sinus can be opacified by injection of contrast material into the left arm. Visualization of this opacification can be accomplished by dynamic scanning of the chest, as was performed in one of our cases, or the opacification may be seen incidentally on the more cephalic scans in abdominal CT, as occurred in two of our other cases. Recognition of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the left upper lobe and differentiation from duplication of the superior vena cava is clinically important in sevenal situations. First, especially when associated with a septal defect, the left-to-right shunt of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage may be responsible for clinical symptoms [2, 9, 1 5]. In other situations, previously asymptomatic partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the left upper lobe could become symptomatic if the right lung becomes functionally impaired as a result of lung disease or surgery [2]. A right pneumonectomy performed for other reasons could have disastrous results in a patient with partial lobe. In that situation, the shunt volume would dramatically increase to approximately 50% of total pulmonary blood flow, and only the left lower lobe would be contributing to the systemic oxygen supply. In such situations, surgical cornection of the anomalous drainage, as has been described in previous reports, would be necessary [9, 1 5, 16]. Recognition of either of these anomalies can also explain otherwise bizarre chest film appearances. Either may simulate a mediastinal mass or account for an unusual course of a central venous catheter. Because the anomalous vein in upper lobe terminates in small pulmonary veins, advancing a catheter into this vein could cause perforation or thrombosis of its smaller tributaries. Additionally, because the left upper lobe does not drain into the left atrium in partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the left upper lobe, the congestion and edema of left-sided heart failure in such patients would spare the left upper lobe. Likewise, right-sided heart failure could cause otherwise unexplainable pulmonary edema isolated to the left upper lobe. In conclusion, duplication of the superior vena cava and upper lobe have somewhat similar appearances on CT scans, but their clinical significance is very different. Careful analysis of CT scans will allow differentiation between these two anomalies. REFERENCES 1. Cormien MG, Yedlicka JW, Gray AJ, Moncada A. Congenital anomalies of the superior vena cava: a CT study. Semin Roentgenol 1989:24: Healey JE. An anatomic survey of anomalous pulmonary veins: their clinical significance. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1952:23: Kellman GM, Alpern MB, SandIer MA, Craig BM. Computed tomography of vena caval anomalies with embryologic correlation. RadioGraphics 1988;8: Webb WA, Gamsu G, Speckman JM, Kaiser JA, Federle MP, Lipton MJ. Computed tomographic demonstration of mediastinal venous anomalies. AJR 1982;139: Winter FS. Persistent left superior vena cava: survey of world literature and report of thirty additional cases. Angiologyl954;5: Brody H. Drainage of the pulmonary veins into the right side of the heart. Arch Pathol Lab Med i942;33: Campbell M, Deuchar DC. The left-sided superior vena cava. Br Heart J 1954;16: Cha EM, Khoury GH. Persistent left superior vena cava: radioiogic and clinical significance. Radiology 1 972; 103: Kalke BR, Carlson AG, Ferlic AM, Sellers AD, Lillehei CW. Partial anomabus pulmonary venous connections. Am J Cardiol i967;20: Snellen HA, Dekker A. Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in relation to left superior vena cava and coronary sinus. Am Heart J i963;66: Pennes DR. Ellis JH. Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the left upper lobe shown by CT scans. Radiology 1 986; 159: Adler SL, Silverman JF. Anomalous venous drainage of the left upper lobe. Radiology i973;108: Schatz SI, Ryvicker MJ, Deutsch AM, Cohen HA. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the right lower lobe shown by CT scans. Radiology 1986;159: Edwards JE, Helmholz HF. A classification of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection based on developmental considerations. Mayo Ciln Proc 1956;31: Moes CAF, Goldman BS, Mustard WT. Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage from the left lung into a left vertical vein. Can Assoc Radiol J 1967;18: Oropeza G, Hemandez FA, Calland GM, Jude JR. Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the left upper lobe. Ann Thorac Surg 1970;9:
Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection in Adults: Evaluation with MDCT
Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection in Adults: Evaluation with MDCT e-poster: 349 Congress: 2WCTI 2009 Type: Educational poster Topic: Pulmonary circulation Authors: MeSH: Bhatti W, Maldjian
More informationLarge veins of the thorax Brachiocephalic veins
Large veins of the thorax Brachiocephalic veins Right brachiocephalic vein: formed at the root of the neck by the union of the right subclavian & the right internal jugular veins. Left brachiocephalic
More informationPulmonary vascular anatomy & anatomical variants
Review Article Pulmonary vascular anatomy & anatomical variants Asha Kandathil, Murthy Chamarthy Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Contributions:
More informationin PAEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY
IMAGES in PAEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY Morrison ML, 1 Sands AJ, 1 Paterson A. 2 Primitive hepatic venous plexus in a child with scimitar syndrome and pulmonary 1 Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Belfast
More informationANGIOGRAPHIC DEMONSTRATION OF THE ABSENCE OF AN ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT IN THE PRESENCE OF PARTIAL ANOMALOUS PULMONARY VENOUS CONNECTION*
VOL. 121, No. 3 ANGIOGRAPHIC DEMONSTRATION OF THE ABSENCE OF AN ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT IN THE PRESENCE OF PARTIAL ANOMALOUS PULMONARY VENOUS CONNECTION* By THOMAS A. SOS, M.D.,t DANIEL TAY, M.D.,t AARON
More informationSurgical Management Of TAPVR. Daniel A. Velez, M.D. Congenital Cardiac Surgeon Phoenix Children s Hospital
Surgical Management Of TAPVR Daniel A. Velez, M.D. Congenital Cardiac Surgeon Phoenix Children s Hospital No Disclosures Goals Review the embryology and anatomy Review Surgical Strategies for repair Discuss
More informationDouble Superior Vena Cava; A Benign Cause of Widened Mediastenum and Implication on Venous Central Access
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Endovascular Medicine Volume 2 Number 1 Double Superior Vena Cava; A Benign Cause of Widened Mediastenum and Implication on Venous H Enuh, A Patel, A Chaudry, K Diaz,
More informationJ Somerville and V Grech. The chest x-ray in congenital heart disease 2. Images Paediatr Cardiol Jan-Mar; 12(1): 1 8.
IMAGES in PAEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY Images Paediatr Cardiol. 2010 PMCID: PMC3228330 The chest x-ray in congenital heart disease 2 J Somerville and V Grech Paediatric Department, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta Corresponding
More informationCT Evaluation of Anomalies of the Inferior Vena Cava and Left Renal Vein
CT Evaluation of Anomalies of the Inferior Vena Cava and Left Renal Vein STUART A. ROYAL1 AND PETER W. CALLEN1 Two patients with duplication of the inferior vena cava and two patients with a retroaortlc
More informationChest and cardiovascular
Module 1 Chest and cardiovascular A. Doss and M. J. Bull 1. Regarding the imaging modalities of the chest: High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) uses a slice thickness of 4 6 mm to identify mass lesions
More informationEarly View Article: Online published version of an accepted article before publication in the final form.
Early View Article: Online published version of an accepted article before publication in the final form. Journal Name: Edorium Journal of Anatomy and Embryology Type of Article: Case Report Title: Pulmonary
More informationLung sequestration and Scimitar syndrome
Lung sequestration and Scimitar syndrome Imaging approaches M. Mearadji International Foundation for Pediatric Imaging Aid Rotterdam, The Netherlands Pulmonary sequestration Pulmonary sequestration (PS)
More informationCT Demonstration of the Extracardiac Anastomoses of the Coronary Veins in Superior Vena Cava or Left Brachiocephalic Vein Obstruction
Case Report http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2013.14.1.132 pissn 1229-6929 eissn 2005-8330 Korean J Radiol 2013;14(1):132-137 CT Demonstration of the Extracardiac Anastomoses of the Coronary Veins in Superior
More informationVenous Anomalies of the Thorax
Venous Anomalies of the Thorax Poster No.: C-0266 Congress: ECR 2012 Type: Educational Exhibit Authors: L. M. GARCIA POSADA, A. Zuluaga, J. Mejía, N. Aldana ; 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 Envigado/CO, Medellin, Antioquia/CO,
More informationMeSH: cyanosis, left superior vena cava abnormalities, vascular plug, percutanoeus closure
IMAGES in PAEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY Tomar M. Percutaneous device closure of Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Connecting to the Left Atrium with intact coronary sinus: A Rare Entity. Images Paediatr Cardiol
More informationThe sinus venosus represent the venous end of the heart It receives 3 veins: 1- Common cardinal vein body wall 2- Umbilical vein from placenta 3-
1 2 The sinus venosus represent the venous end of the heart It receives 3 veins: 1- Common cardinal vein body wall 2- Umbilical vein from placenta 3- Vitelline vein from yolk sac 3 However!!!!! The left
More informationCT presentations of anatomic variants in superior vena cava system
CT presentations of anatomic variants in superior vena cava system Poster No.: C-1896 Congress: ECR 2016 Type: Educational Exhibit Authors: N. Janeski, I. Blazic, A. Cvijovic ; Zemun/RS, Belgrade/RS Keywords:
More information10/14/2018 Dr. Shatarat
2018 Objectives To discuss mediastina and its boundaries To discuss and explain the contents of the superior mediastinum To describe the great veins of the superior mediastinum To describe the Arch of
More informationInfradiaphragmatic Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Infradiaphragmatic Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return Report of a New and Correctable Variant J. Kent Trinkle, M.D., Gordon K. Danielson, M.D., Jacqueline A. Noonan, M.D., and Charles Stephens, M.D.
More informationIndividual Pulmonary Vein Atresia in Adults: Report of Two Cases
Case Report DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2011.12.3.395 pissn 1229-6929 eissn 2005-8330 Korean J Radiol 2011;12(3):395-399 Individual Pulmonary Vein Atresia in Adults: Report of Two Cases Hyoung Nam Lee, MD, Young
More informationPulmonary Embolism. Thoracic radiologist Helena Lauri
Pulmonary Embolism Thoracic radiologist Helena Lauri 8.5.2017 Statistics 1-2 out of 1000 adults annually are diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) About half of patients
More informationCardiac Radiology In-Training Test Questions for Diagnostic Radiology Residents
Cardiac Radiology In-Training Test Questions for Diagnostic Radiology Residents March, 2013 Sponsored by: Commission on Education Committee on Residency Training in Diagnostic Radiology 2013 by American
More informationAbsence of infra-renal segment of inferior vena cava with anomalous right renal vein
Absence of infra-renal segment of inferior vena cava with anomalous right renal vein Authors: VS Ajay-Chandrasekar, V Kaliyaperumal & D Alfred Location: Aintree University Hospitals NHS trust, Liverpool,
More informationSTUDY OF AZYGOS SYSTEM AND ITS VARIATIONS B. Vijaya Nirmala 1, Teresa Rani S 2
STUDY OF AZYGOS SYSTEM AND ITS VARIATIONS B. Vijaya Nirmala 1, Teresa Rani S 2 HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: B. Vijaya Nirmala, Teresa Rani S. Study of Azygos System and its Variations. Journal of Evolution
More informationLecturer: Ms DS Pillay ROOM 2P24 25 February 2013
Lecturer: Ms DS Pillay ROOM 2P24 25 February 2013 Thoracic Wall Consists of thoracic cage Muscle Fascia Thoracic Cavity 3 Compartments of the Thorax (Great Vessels) (Heart) Superior thoracic aperture
More informationVESSELS: GROSS ANATOMY
ACTIVITY 10: VESSELS AND CIRCULATION OBJECTIVES: 1) How to get ready: Read Chapter 23, McKinley et al., Human Anatomy, 4e. All text references are for this textbook. 2) Observe and sketch histology slide
More informationYOU MUST BRING GLOVES FOR THIS ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY 10: VESSELS AND CIRCULATION OBJECTIVES: 1) How to get ready: Read Chapter 23, McKinley et al., Human Anatomy, 5e. All text references are for this textbook. 2) Observe and sketch histology slide
More information63-year old female with dyspnea
Indiana University Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellowship Fellows Case Archive Case #1 63-year old female with dyspnea Gabriel Bosslet, MD; Chadi Hage MD A 63-year-old female presented to pulmonary clinic
More informationChapter 5: Other mediastinal structures. The Large Arteries. The Aorta. Ascending aorta
Chapter 5: Other mediastinal structures The Large Arteries The Aorta The aorta is the main arterial trunk of the systemic circulation and in the healthy state its wall contain a large amount of yellow
More informationSitus inversus. Dr praveena pulmonology- final year post graduate
Situs inversus Dr praveena pulmonology- final year post graduate Definiton History Types Cause Clinical features Diagnosis Treatment Definition The term situs inversus is a short form of the latin phrase
More informationAortography in Fallot's Tetralogy and Variants
Brit. Heart J., 1969, 31, 146. Aortography in Fallot's Tetralogy and Variants SIMON REES AND JANE SOMERVILLE From The Institute of Cardiology and National Heart Hospital, London W.J In patients with Fallot's
More informationChapter 2 Cardiac Interpretation of Pediatric Chest X-Ray
Chapter 2 Cardiac Interpretation of Pediatric Chest X-Ray Ra-id Abdulla and Douglas M. Luxenberg Key Facts The cardiac silhouette occupies 50 55% of the chest width on an anterior posterior chest X-ray
More informationChest X-ray Interpretation
Chest X-ray Interpretation Introduction Routinely obtained Pulmonary specialist consultation Inherent physical exam limitations Chest x-ray limitations Physical exam and chest x-ray provide compliment
More informationSectional Anatomy Quiz - III
Sectional Anatomy - III Rashid Hashmi * Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia A R T I C L E I N F O Article type: Article history: Received: 30 Jun 2018
More informationRadiological Anatomy of Thorax. Dr. Jamila Elmedany & Prof. Saeed Abuel Makarem
Radiological Anatomy of Thorax Dr. Jamila Elmedany & Prof. Saeed Abuel Makarem Indications for Chest x - A chest x-ray may be used to diagnose and plan treatment for various conditions, including: Diseases/Fractures
More informationCongenital Absence of IVC with Azygous Continuation
Congenital Absence of IVC with Azygous Continuation M. J. Rauf ( Departments of Radiology, Liaquat National Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi. ) K. R. Makhdoomi ( Departments of Vascular Surgery, Liaquat
More informationDo you want to be an excellent Radiologist? - Focus on the thoracic aorta on lateral chest image!!!
The lateral chest radiograph: Challenging area around the thoracic aorta!!! Do you want to be an excellent Radiologist? - Focus on the thoracic aorta on lateral chest image!!! Dong Yoon Han 1, So Youn
More informationThe External Anatomy of the Lungs. Prof Oluwadiya KS
The External Anatomy of the Lungs Prof Oluwadiya KS www.oluwadiya.com Introduction The lungs are the vital organs of respiration Their main function is to oxygenate the blood by bringing inspired air into
More informationB-I-2 CARDIAC AND VASCULAR RADIOLOGY
(YEARS 1 3) CURRICULUM FOR RADIOLOGY 13 B-I-2 CARDIAC AND VASCULAR RADIOLOGY KNOWLEDGE To describe the normal anatomy of the heart and vessels including the lymphatic system as demonstrated by radiographs,
More informationPulmonary vein abnormalities into the human left atrium
Yuan et al. 29 CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Pulmonary vein abnormalities into the human left atrium Sharleen Yuan, Natalie Mushitz, Stuart D. Inglis ABSTRACT Introduction: Abnormalities in the
More information11.1 The Aortic Arch General Anatomy of the Ascending Aorta and the Aortic Arch Surgical Anatomy of the Aorta
456 11 Surgical Anatomy of the Aorta 11.1 The Aortic Arch 11.1.1 General Anatomy of the Ascending Aorta and the Aortic Arch Surgery of the is one of the most challenging areas of cardiac and vascular surgery,
More informationBreathing. Heart Rate
Breathing Heart Rate Inspiration Expiration (Pressos not Stretched) Heart Rate increases with inspiration (Pressos Stretched) Heart Rate decreases with expiration Upside Down (Pressos Stretched) HR Decreases
More informationDr. Weyrich G07: Superior and Posterior Mediastina. Reading: 1. Gray s Anatomy for Students, chapter 3
Dr. Weyrich G07: Superior and Posterior Mediastina Reading: 1. Gray s Anatomy for Students, chapter 3 Objectives: 1. Subdivisions of mediastinum 2. Structures in Superior mediastinum 3. Structures in Posterior
More informationPULMONARY VENOLOBAR SYNDROME. Dr.C.Anandhi DNB Resident, Southern Railway Headquarters Hospital.
PULMONARY VENOLOBAR SYNDROME Dr.C.Anandhi DNB Resident, Southern Railway Headquarters Hospital. Presenting complaint: 10 yrs old girl with recurrent episodes of lower respiratory tract infection from infancy.
More informationAssessing Cardiac Anatomy With Digital Subtraction Angiography
485 JACC Vol. 5, No. I Assessing Cardiac Anatomy With Digital Subtraction Angiography DOUGLAS S., MD, FACC Cleveland, Ohio The use of intravenous digital subtraction angiography in the assessment of patients
More informationCommunicating Vein between the Left Renal Vein and Left Ascending Lumber Vein: Incidence and Significance on Abdominal CT
YAO ET AL ORIGINAL ARTICLE Radiation Medicine: Vol. 21 No. 6, 252 257 p.p., 2003 Communicating Vein between the Left Renal Vein and Left Ascending Lumber Vein: Incidence and Significance on Abdominal CT
More informationChest X-ray (CXR) Interpretation Brent Burbridge, MD, FRCPC
Chest X-ray (CXR) Interpretation Brent Burbridge, MD, FRCPC An approach to reviewing a chest x-ray will create a foundation that will facilitate the detection of abnormalities. You should create your own
More informationA pictorial review of normal anatomical appearences of Pericardial recesses on multislice Computed Tomography.
A pictorial review of normal anatomical appearences of Pericardial recesses on multislice Computed Tomography. Poster No.: C-1787 Congress: ECR 2012 Type: Educational Exhibit Authors: N. Ahmed 1, G. Avery
More informationAbnormalities of the thoracic veins
Abnormalities of the thoracic veins Poster No.: C-0912 Congress: ECR 2013 Type: Educational Exhibit Authors: D. Bulja, S. Beslic; Sarajevo/BA Keywords: Thorax, Anatomy, Veins / Vena cava, CT-Angiography,
More informationLecture 2: Clinical anatomy of thoracic cage and cavity II
Lecture 2: Clinical anatomy of thoracic cage and cavity II Dr. Rehan Asad At the end of this session, the student should be able to: Identify and discuss clinical anatomy of mediastinum such as its deflection,
More informationDay 5 Respiratory & Cardiovascular: Respiratory System
Day 5 Respiratory & Cardiovascular: Respiratory System Be very careful not to damage the heart and lungs while separating the ribs! Analysis Questions-Respiratory & Cardiovascular Log into QUIA using your
More informationInterrupted Inferior Vena Cava and Left-Sided Subrenal Inferior Vena Cava
Case Report Interrupted Inferior Vena Cava and Left-Sided Subrenal Inferior Vena Cava Prenatal Diagnosis S. Boopathy Vijayaraghavan, MD, DMRD, Vaijayanthi Raja, MBBS, DGO, T. V. Chitra, MD, DGO A n interrupted
More informationHUMAN HEART. Learn the following structures on the heart models.
HUMAN HEART Learn the following structures on the heart models. The human heart has four chambers that consist of the right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle. The atria are smaller
More informationCardiopulmonary Syndromes: Conditions With Concomitant Cardiac and Pulmonary Abnormalities
Cardiopulmonary Syndromes: Conditions With Concomitant Cardiac and Pulmonary Abnormalities Carlos S. Restrepo M.D. Professor of Radiology The University of Texas HSC at San Antonio Cardiopulmonary Syndromes
More informationCopy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University. Systematic Anatomy. Angiology Part 4. Veins. Dr.Hongqi Zhang ( 张红旗 )
Systematic Anatomy Angiology Part 4 Veins Dr.Hongqi Zhang ( 张红旗 ) Email: zhanghq58@126.com 1 General introduction of the veins Vessel which return the blood back to atrium No pulsation,veneous blood, metabolic
More informationSigns in Chest Radiology
Signs in Chest Radiology Jonathan H. Chung, MD Disclosures No pertinent disclosures Jonathan H. Chung, MD Assistant Professor Institute t of fadvanced d Biomedical Imaging National Jewish Health Denver,
More informationPacing in patients with congenital heart disease: part 1
Pacing in patients with congenital heart disease: part 1 September 2013 Br J Cardiol 2013;20:117 20 doi: 10.5837/bjc/2013.028 Authors: Khaled Albouaini, Archana Rao, David Ramsdale View details Only a
More informationAtrial Septal Defects
Supplementary ACHD Echo Acquisition Protocol for Atrial Septal Defects The following protocol for echo in adult patients with atrial septal defects (ASDs) is a guide for performing a comprehensive assessment
More informationCongenital Heart Defects
Normal Heart Congenital Heart Defects 1. Patent Ductus Arteriosus The ductus arteriosus connects the main pulmonary artery to the aorta. In utero, it allows the blood leaving the right ventricle to bypass
More informationDevendra V. Kulkarni, Rahul G. Hegde, Ankit Balani, and Anagha R. Joshi. 2. Case Report. 1. Introduction
Case Reports in Radiology, Article ID 614647, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/614647 Case Report A Rare Case of Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect with a Right Sided Aortic Arch and
More informationPartial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to superior
Cavo-Atrial Anastomosis Technique for Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection to the Superior Vena Cava The Warden Procedure Robert A. Gustafson, MD Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection
More informationJournal of Radiology Case Reports
Pseudocoarctation with saccular aneurysms, left sided SVC and aberrant right subclavian artery - Balaji Rao 1,2, Rajesh Botchu 1*, Aman Khan 1, Mansoor Aslam 2 1. Department of Radiology, University Hospitals
More informationslide 23 The lobes in the right and left lungs are divided into segments,which called bronchopulmonary segments
Done By : Rahmeh Alsukkar Date : 26 /10/2017 slide 23 The lobes in the right and left lungs are divided into segments,which called bronchopulmonary segments Each segmental bronchus passes to a structurally
More informationPostgraduate Student, Department of Radiodiagnosis, MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Hoskote, Bangalore. 2
RIGHT-SIDED AORTIC ARCH WITH ABERRANT LEFT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY AND DUPLICATION OF SUPERIOR VENA CAVA Parikhita Hazarika 1, Tejaswani Penmetsa 2, Narendranath Kudva 3 1 Postgraduate Student, Department of
More informationCARDIOVASCULAR DANIL HAMMOUDI.MD
CARDIOVASCULAR DANIL HAMMOUDI.MD 18 Systemic Circulation Figure 19.19 Pulmonary Circulation Figure 19.18b 1. Thyroid gland 2. Trachea 3. Brachiocephalic 4. Common carotid 5. Internal jugular 6. Superior
More information24. An infant with recurrent pneumonia underwent a frontal chest radiograph (Fig 24-A) followed by
24. An infant with recurrent pneumonia underwent a frontal chest radiograph (Fig 24-A) followed by diagnosis? ndings, what is the most likely A. Pulmonary sequestration B. Congenital pulmonary airway malformation
More informationMitral incompetence after repair of ostium
Thorax (1965), 20, 40. Mitral incompetence after repair of ostium primum septal defects A. R. C. DOBELL, D. R. MURPHY, G. M. KARN, AND A. MARTINEZ-CARO From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the
More informationCircumcaval Ureter: Embryology
european urology supplements 5 (2006) 444 448 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.europeanurology.com Circumcaval Ureter: Embryology Arianna Lesma *, Aldo Bocciardi, Patrizio Rigatti
More informationSpontaneous portosystemic venous shunts in liver cirrhosis: Anatomy, pathophysiology, hemodynamic changes and imaging findings
Spontaneous portosystemic venous shunts in liver cirrhosis: Anatomy, pathophysiology, hemodynamic changes and imaging findings Poster No.: C-3193 Congress: ECR 2010 Type: Educational Exhibit Topic: Vascular
More informationAsymptomatic Primary Isolated Pulmonary Vein Stenosis in an Adult: A Case Report 1
Asymptomatic Primary Isolated Pulmonary Vein Stenosis in an Adult: A Case Report 1 Ji Hyun Kim, M.D., Ho Sung Lee, M.D., Jae Sung Choi, M.D., Ju Ock Na, M.D., Yong Hoon Kim, M.D., Sung Shick Jou, M.D.
More informationTHE VESSELS OF BLOOD CIRCULATION
THE VESSELS OF BLOOD CIRCULATION scientistcindy.com /the-vessels-of-blood-circulation.html NOTE: You should familiarize yourself with the anatomy of the heart and have a good understanding of the flow
More informationTwo Cases Report of Scimitar Syndrome: The Classical one with Subaortic Membrane and the Scimitar Variant
Bahrain Medical Bulletin, Vol.22, No.1, March 2000 Two Cases Report of Scimitar Syndrome: The Classical one with Subaortic Membrane and the Scimitar Variant F Hakim, MD* A Madani, MD* A Abu Haweleh, MD,MRCP*
More informationCoronary Artery Anomalies from Birth to Adulthood; the Role of CT Coronary Angiography in Sudden Cardiac Death Screening
Coronary Artery Anomalies from Birth to Adulthood; the Role of CT Coronary Angiography in Sudden Cardiac Death Screening E O Dwyer 1, C O Brien 1, B Loo 1, A Snow Hogan 1, O Buckley1 2, B 1. Department
More informationImminent Cardiac Collapse: The Catastrophe You Cannot Afford To Miss
Imminent Cardiac Collapse: The Catastrophe You Cannot Afford To Miss Presenting Authors Ameya J Baxi, MD (baxi@uthscsa.edu) Carlos Restrepo, MD Disclaimer: We do not have any conflict of interest or financial
More informationExtracardiac pulmonary-systemic connection via persistent. levoatriocardinal vein in adults. Farhood Saremi MD, Siew Yen Ho PhD
Extracardiac pulmonary-systemic connection via persistent levoatriocardinal vein in adults Farhood Saremi MD, Siew Yen Ho PhD From Department of Radiology, University of Southern California (F.S.) and
More informationAnomalies of the inferior vena cava
Anomalies of the inferior vena cava Joseph M. Giordano, M.D., and Hugh H. Trout III, M.D., Washington, D.C. The inferior vena cava is formed by a complex process of embryogenesis during the sixth to tenth
More informationPortal vein catheterization and selective angiography in diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connexion
British Heart journal, 974, 36, 155-59. Portal vein catheterization and selective angiography in diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connexion Michael Tynan, D. Behrendt, W. Urquhart, and G.
More informationObliterative hepatocavopathy ultrasound and cavography findings
doi:10.2478/v10019-008-0020-6 case report Obliterative hepatocavopathy ultrasound and cavography findings Ramazan Kutlu Department of Radiology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey ackgound.
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM L E C T U R E 5
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM L E C T U R E 5 REVIEW OF CARDIAC ANATOMY Heart 4 chambers Base and apex Valves Pericardial sac 3 layers: epi, myo, endo cardium Major blood vessels Aorta and its
More informationPRACTICAL GUIDE TO FETAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IC Huggon and LD Allan
PRACTICAL GUIDE TO FETAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IC Huggon and LD Allan Fetal Cardiology Unit, Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK IMPORTANCE OF PRENATAL
More informationPediatric Echocardiography Examination Content Outline
Pediatric Echocardiography Examination Content Outline (Outline Summary) # Domain Subdomain Percentage 1 Anatomy and Physiology Normal Anatomy and Physiology 10% 2 Abnormal Pathology and Pathophysiology
More informationBlood supply of the Heart & Conduction System. Dr. Nabil Khouri
Blood supply of the Heart & Conduction System Dr. Nabil Khouri Arterial supply of Heart Right coronary artery Left coronary artery 3 Introduction: Coronary arteries - VASAVASORUM arising from aortic sinuses
More informationIdentify the lines used in anatomical surface descriptions of the thorax. median line mid-axillary line mid-clavicular line
L 14 A B O R A T O R Y Thorax THORACIC WALL Identify the lines used in anatomical surface descriptions of the thorax. median line mid-axillary line mid-clavicular line Identify the surface landmarks of
More informationSuperior and Posterior Mediastinum. Assoc. Prof. Jenny Hayes
Superior and Posterior Mediastinum Assoc. Prof. Jenny Hayes WARNING This material has been provided to you pursuant to section 49 of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) for the purposes of research or study.
More informationCorrelation of Cardiac CTA to Conventional Cardiac Angiography in Diagnosing Coronary Artery Stenosis in a Community Based Center
Correlation of Cardiac CTA to Conventional Cardiac Angiography in Diagnosing Coronary Artery Stenosis in a Community Based Center Mathieu Sabbagh, R3 Michigan State University Radiology Garden City Hospital
More informationPulmonary veins CT: Imaging techniques, report and common ablation complications
Pulmonary veins CT: Imaging techniques, report and common ablation complications Poster No.: P-0031 Congress: ESTI 2015 Type: Educational Poster Authors: E. Chavarri Ibañez, A. Caldera, P. Rodríguez Fernández,
More informationThe Chest X-ray for Cardiologists
Mayo Clinic & British Cardiovascular Society at the Royal College of Physicians, London : 21-23-October 2013 Cases-Controversies-Updates 2013 The Chest X-ray for Cardiologists Michael Rubens Royal Brompton
More informationCT Chest. Verification of an opacity seen on the straight chest X ray
CT Chest Indications: To assess equivocal plain x-ray findings Staging of lung neoplasm Merastatic workup of extra thoraces malignancies Diagnosis of diffuse lung diseases with HRCT Assessment of bronchietasis
More informationAnatomic variants of the normal coronary artery circulation
Diagnosis and Operation for Anomalous Circumflex Coronary Artery Keishi Ueyama, MD, PhD, Mahesh Ramchandani, MD, Arthur C. Beall, Jr, MD, and James W. Jones, MD, PhD Department of Surgery, Baylor College
More informationDR Turner, JA Vincent, and ML Epstein. Isolated right pulmonary artery discontinuity. Images Paediatr Cardiol Jul-Sep; 2(3):
IMAGES in PAEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY Images PMCID: PMC3232486 Isolated right pulmonary artery discontinuity DR Turner, MD, * JA Vincent, ** and ML Epstein *** * Senior Fellow, Division of Cardiology, Children's
More informationLab CT scan. Murad Kharabsheh Yaman Alali
Lab CT scan Murad Kharabsheh Yaman Alali Some rules to read The CT Scan : 1. Remember that it s a transverse section across the body and we are looking at the inferior part of the section (not the superior),
More informationCase Report Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect as a Cause of Palpitations and Dyspnea in an Adult: A Diagnostic Imaging Challenge
Case Reports in Medicine Volume 2015, Article ID 128462, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/128462 Case Report Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect as a Cause of Palpitations and Dyspnea in an Adult:
More informationMEDIASTINAL LYMPH NODE METASTASIS IN PATIENTS WITH CLINICAL STAGE I PERIPHERAL NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER
MEDIASTINAL LYMPH NODE METASTASIS IN PATIENTS WITH CLINICAL STAGE I PERIPHERAL NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER Tsuneyo Takizawa, MD a Masanori Terashima, MD a Teruaki Koike, MD a Hideki Akamatsu, MD a Yuzo
More informationA rare case of situs ambiguous in an adult
www.edoriumjournals.com CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS A rare case of situs ambiguous in an adult Niki Lama, Petros Maniatis, Dionisios Haralambos Antonatos, Dimitrios Fagkrezos, Charikleia Triantopoulou,
More informationSection V Cardiac Radiology
Section V Cardiac Radiology Figure 1 89. Based on the diagram (Figure 1), which of the following vessels typically supplies the anterolateral cardiac segment? A. Left anterior descending B. Circumflex
More informationHeart and Soul Evaluation of the Fetal Heart
Heart and Soul Evaluation of the Fetal Heart Ivana M. Vettraino, M.D., M.B.A. Clinical Associate Professor, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine Objectives Review the embryology of the formation
More informationThe Cardiovascular System (Part II)
The Cardiovascular System (Part II) 黃敏銓 mchuang@ntu.edu.tw 解剖學暨細胞生物學研究所 1 Development of veins Three paired veins drain into the tubular heart of a 4-week embryo Vitelline veins: poorly oxygenated blood
More informationAppearance And Visibility Of The Thoracic Duct On Computed Tomography Of The Chest
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Radiology Volume 12 Number 2 Appearance And Visibility Of The Thoracic Duct On Computed Tomography Of The Chest J Gossner Citation J Gossner. Appearance And Visibility
More informationResearch Article Variations in Draining Patterns of Right Pulmonary Veins at the Hilum and an Anatomical Classification
International Scholarly Research Network ISRN Pulmonology Volume 0, Article ID 7869, pages doi:0.0/0/7869 Research Article Variations in Draining Patterns of Right Pulmonary Veins at the Hilum and an Anatomical
More informationTotal Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return Correlation of Hemodynamic Observations and Surgical Mortality in 58 Cases Robert D. Leachman, M.D., Denton A. Cooley, M.D., Grady L. Hallman, M.D., James W. Simpson,
More information