**Take your homework out to be stamped**

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1 Warm Up: 3/5-3/6 **Take your homework out to be stamped** 1. What is the difference between osteocytes and osteoblasts? 2. What body systems work with the muscular system? Give specific examples. 3. Your muscles work in pairs. What do you think this means?

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3 Warm up Grade HW Agenda 34.3 Stations- Muscles for Locomotion Ch 34 Quizlet Live Homework: 34.3 Section Assessment (pg 909 #1-5)

4 Muscles for Locomotion

5 Station 1

6 Types of Muscle Tissue Involuntary muscle movement Smooth- lines internal organs and blood vessels Ex: movement of food through intestines Cardiac- found only in the heart Can generate electrical impulses Voluntary muscle movement Skeletal- attached to bones for movement

7 Station 2

8 1. Fastest- skeletal muscle contracts in less than five milliseconds. Longest- Smooth muscle takes about 200 milliseconds 2. The long duration in cardiac muscle insures that all muscle cells contract. In this way, the chambers of the heart reach maximum contraction as a result of each electrical impulse. 3. Smooth muscle contracts and relaxes more slowly than skeletal muscle. Because the fibers of smooth muscle are more interconnected than those of skeletal muscle, contraction is more diverse and widespread in smooth muscle. 4. Because electrical junctions are found between each cell juncture, stimulation can be spread quickly to other muscle cells in the heart. This would help maximize the number of cells that contract.

9 Station 3 Bone Skeletal muscle Tendon Myofibril Bundles of muscle fibers Filaments Sarcomere

10 Myofibril- muscle fibers composed of myosin and actin Myosin- structural protein that makes up the thick filaments of myofibrils Actin- structural protein that makes up the thin filaments of myofibrils Sarcomere- each section of a myofibril in muscle Sliding filament theory- actin slide past each other while the myosin does not move during muscle contraction

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12 Station 4 Frontalis Orbicularis oculi Sternocleidomastoid Pectoralis major Biceps Rectus abdominis Deltoid Triceps Brachioradialis External oblique Quadriceps femoris Adductor longus Sartorius Gastrocnemius Extensor digitorum longus Tibialis anterior

13 1. They all connect to bones= skeletal muscles. 2. The arm is drawn upward at the shoulder. 3. Your brain must order your quadriceps femoris to contract. 4. You must contract the tibialis anterior muscle. 5. The biceps would contract. 6. rectus abdominis 7. The gastrocnemius contracts.

14 Station 5 Cartilage Osteon systems Bone cell Spongy bone Marrow cavity Canals Compact bone Membrane Blood vessel

15 1. Osteon system- surrounds osteocytes to deliver oxygen, nutrients, and nerve impulses. 9. Osteoblasts secrete collagen where minerals are deposited. These minerals harden, creating osteocytes. 10. Stores calcium and phosphate. Bone marrow makes red/white blood cells.

16 Station 6 Dead epidermis Hair Living epidermis Oil gland Sweat pore Epidermis Hair follicle Muscle Dermis Duct of sweat gland Artery Vein Nerve Subcutaneous layer Fat tissue Sweat gland

17 1. Skin oils keep hair from drying out and keep the skin soft 2. Sweat glands= maintain normal body temperature. 4. The differences in the amount of the pigment melanin in cells found in the epidermis. Exposure to sunlight increases melanin production. 5. The hair follicle is in the dermis, and the hair shaft emerges through an opening in the epidermis. It protects the skin from the sun and provides an insulating layer of air on the surface of the skin when temperatures are cool. 6. They provide protection for the living cell layers beneath them. 8. Fat provides insulation and protects against heat loss. It also cushions the body against injury and stores energy.