Comparison of the quantitative and chemical characteristics of the three varieties of Peanut (Arachis hypogeae L)

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1 Vol.5 (5), pp , My 2017 ISSN Interntionl Stndrd Journl Number (ISJN) e-isjn: A Article Number: DRJA Copyright 2017 Author(s) retin the copyright of this rticle Direct Reserch Journl of Agriculture nd Food Science Reserch Pper Comprison of the quntittive nd chemicl chrcteristics of the three vrieties of Penut (Archis hypogee L) Djilni Ghemm Amr 1,2*, Ferdjni Mbrouk 1, Bokndi Mon 1, Khled Kherrz 1,2, Mohmmed Adel Mesbhi 2, Ahmed Elkhlif chems 1,2 nd Mohmmd Mourd Senoussi 3 1 Deprtment of Biology, Fculty of Nture nd Life Sciences. 2 Lbortory of VTRS, University Echhid Hmm lkhdr, El Oued 39000, Algérie. 3 Deprtment of Biology, Lbortory of Biomolecules nd Plnt Ameliortion, Lrbi Ben Mhidi University, Oum El Boughi, Algeri. *Corresponding uthor E-mil: djilni-ghemmmr@univ-eloued.dz, siddji@gmil.com. Received 1 My 2017; Accepted 29 My, 2017 The experiments of this study were conducted t the region of debil El-Oued during the griculturl seson2016. The objective of this study ws to determine the effect of the number of seeds in fruit on the growth vegettive nd productivity, chemicl composition food of three vrieties of penuts (Archis hypoge L).The experiment ws rrnged s split plot in Rndomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replictes. The results showed tht there ws no significnt effect of the difference in the number of seeds in fruits to the rtio of dry mtter in fruit nd the verge number of fruits in the plnt of the three vrieties. The results showed tht the superiority of vriety (02) ws no significnt in the number of seeds in fruits nd the superiority of vriety (01) ws significnt in productivity nd vriety (03) ws significnt in the rtio (weight seed / weight fruit). The results lso showed tht vriety 03 is superior in food composition content, where protein content ws estimted t (11%), sugrs (1.5%) nd Ft (57%). The results showed moderte cidity ( ) nd low slinity (1-1.5) in the wter extrct of the seeds of ll vrieties. Key words: Penuts, productivity, food composition, growth, vrieties. INTRODUCTION Comprtive study of the quntittive nd chemicl chrcteristics of three clsses of Penut Archis hypogee L. The use of the scientific method in the griculturl sector is essentil for the chievement of development nd for the provision of sufficient productivity of crops with good chemicl qulity, specilly the penut crop (Archis hypogee L). Generlly, Penut is used in the nutrition for its richness with oil tht reches up to 50% on verge. Sometimes to 60% in some of its items nd for its proteins which exceeds 35% crbohydrtes, minerls nd fibers. Also, it is one of the most importnt fmily, It is grown for the purpose of oil nd protein. Another importnce of penut hs been ttributed to improving soil properties by forming the bcteril nodes of the rhizobium witch fixes tmospheric nitrogen in the soil. It is n importnt crop in griculturl cycle pplictions. Penut growing res re found in the tropicl nd subtropicl climte zones of the world (Where het systems re suitble for both vegettive nd fruit growth) (Intsr et l., 2015), Where its seeds re used

2 Amr et l. 245 either directly for humn consumption or exploittion (Cliskn et l., 2008). Three types of penuts re determined ccording to the number of seeds, which re relted to the vrieties ccording to the position of the eril prt. Ahmed nd Zeidn (Al-Kisy nd Al-Izzy, 2010) noticed tht the vrieties of penuts differ significntly in the productivity of both pods, seeds nd production properties. Ahmed nd Zeidn, (2001) found tht the existing vriety of penuts is superior to the similrity in the height of the plnt nd the weight of seed nd fruit productivity in the unit re. Severl studies were crried out to ssess the different vrieties, showing rtes nd line spwning of cultivted penuts in different regions to find the best seed rte nd the seeding dimension in order to select penut vrieties for cultivtion. Selection of high-yielding penut vrieties is importnt in breeding progrms to improve the economic vlue of this crop. The purpose of this reserch is to evlute the penut vrieties grown in the Algerin region nd to identify some its quntittive nd chemicl properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment ws crried out using the design of complete rndom segments (RCBD). We used three tretments ccording to the number of seeds in the fruit (one seed, two seeds, nd three seeds), ech tretment consisted of tril plot mesuring n re of 1.08 m 2. The experimentl plot contins 4 rows for plnting in sndy soils with orgnic fertilizers, cidity (ph=7.83) nd electricl mobility (CE= 0.946). Fruit ws hrvested fter four months of frming, selection of three bushes from ech experimentl unit rndomly to study (the percentge of seeds per fruit, verge number of fruits in plnt nd productivity). The chemicl properties under investigtion include: Determintion of ph Totl cidity of the smples ws mesured by Abd- El- Motleb nd Yousef, (1998) using ph meter device. Determintion of the electric conductivity (EC) Electricl conductivity ws mesured ccording to the method of (Mrx, 1999) using conductive meter device. Determintion of food content Extrction of primry metbolic products Primry metbolite products were extrcted ccording to Jones, (2001) method which is bsed on 20% TCA use s illustrted in the digrm below. Quntifiction of proteins The mount of proteins found in the fruits of different penut vrieties ws estimted by Shibko, (1966), using BSA s stndrd protein. Quntifiction of crbohydrtes The method hs been relied upon (Dubois 1956 nd Lowry, 1951) in estimting the totl sugr content which is minly bsed on concentrted sulfuric cid, glucose ws used s stndrd solution to clculte the mount of sugrs found in penut vrieties. Determintion of quntittive content of ft Depending on the (Dubois,1956) method in estimting the sinter using the Sulphosphovnilinique detector nd the use of soyben oil s stndrd solution through which the curve of the stndrd ws drwn nd then the content of the sludge in the penut vrieties ws estimted. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Production properties Number of fruits in plnt The results shown in the (Figure 1) indicte tht the number of fruits is not ffected by the chnge of vrieties. No significnt differences between the three vrieties of penuts. An increse in the fruits number verge per plnt for the vriety (02) reched fruit. This superiority is due to the combining of the morphologicl nd genetic chrcteristics of vriety (01) nd (03) which distinguish the clsses (02) clled semi-existing nd hlf-prey exploits clss. It is used the environmentl fctors to increse the formtion of fruits pr plnt, therefore lrgest number of seeds. The verge fruits number by plnt rnges between This is due to the similrity of the genetic chrcteristics of the species (Goldsworthy et l.,1972). The bility to respond to fertiliztion lso plys n importnt role in the formtion nd mturity of fruits (Shim et l., 2015). Averge dry mtter rtio in fruits The results of (Figure 2) indicte tht the fruit dry mtter rte of three vrieties studied ws to 45.45% with significnt differences between the three vrieties. This convergence of the dry mtter percentge due to the difference in the number of seeds of the fruit which increses the quntity of the dry mtter of the vriety (03)

3 Direct Res. J. Agric. Food Sci. 246 number of fruit per plnt Lsd=13.30 Vr01 Vr02 Vr03 vriety of Penuts Figure 1. Men number of fruit per plnt in the three vrieties of Penuts. Figure 2. Men Averge dry mtter rtio in fruits in the three vrieties of Penuts. nd the vegettive position of the plnt which mkes it retin more wter from the Vriety (01). The effect of the compost dded by the vriety cn lso hve n effect on the proportion of dry mtter in penut fruits (Imn et l., 2014). These results re consistent with the results of (Mohmed et l., 2013) who explined the difference in dry mtter rtio to groundnut vrieties grown in Ghn by photosynthesis rte. Averge productivity The production rtio vries in the three vrieties (Figure 3), significnt difference of vriety (01) on vriety (03) without vriety (02). This difference in production is due to the physiologicl chrcteristics of the plnt nd the photosynthesis ssocited with the size nd position of the eril prt. These fctors increse the bsorption of minerl elements dissolved in soil nd increse the production of orgnic mtter, which is reflected in the increse in fruit size nd weight in ddition to the mount of fruit nd dry mtter (Mohmed et l., 2013). The mount of nitrogen fixed in the roots plys n importnt role in the difference in productivity of 12 vrieties of penuts plnted in the Congo (Konln et l., 2013). Chemicl properties nd nutritionl vlue Results of ph nd electricl conductivity The results indicted in (Tble 1) shows tht the cidity is moderte to the extrcts of the three vrieties nd restricted between ( ). There is gret convergence of the three types of ph. This convergence is due to the dpttion of vrieties to the brod rnge of nturl nd terrestril fctors (2), which results in incresed formtion of rw mterils such s sugrs, proteins nd cids which in turn ffect the vlue of ph (Bngt et l., 2013), These mterils decrese during mturity rther thn build where they turn into simple mterils which reduces the cidity of the fruits nd increse the vlue of ph. As proved (Tombesi et l., 2005) the ph difference is due to climtic fctors,

4 Amr et l. 247 Averge productivity penuts t/h b b vr1 vr2 vr3 vriety of Penuts Figure 3. Averge productivity in the three vrieties of Penuts. Figure 4. Men Protein content in three vrieties of Penuts. precipittion, wtering nd fertiliztion. As for the electric mobility, we lso note tht the vlues of the three types of fruit rnged from mmo/cm so these vrieties re geneticlly close in this cpcity nd re low slinity (Yurtseven et l., 2005). Protein content in seeds The results of (Figure 4) indicted tht the protein rtio in seeds is very high, nd vry ccording to ctegory, where clss (03) significntly exceeded other vrieties. The protein content ws mg/g, While clss (02) showed the lowest protein content compred to the remining clss of mg/g, while the mount of protein in clss 1 ws mg/g, We explin the high protein content of the studied vrieties of penuts becuse they re known to be rich in proteins (Sclzo et l., 2005 ; Gulluoglu et l., 2016).The reson for the significnt increse in protein t clss (03) cn be ttributed to its predtory roots, which contin lrge number of bcteril nodes which gives it the efficiency of bsorption nd high nitrogen uptke, where nitrogen dissolved in soil solution plys n importnt role in improving protein content in penut seeds (Annerose, 1990). The content of seeds of penut vrieties is lso influenced by environmentl fctors, the most importnt being the temperture during fruit ripening (Yousef et l., 2015), (Dwivedi et l., 1996) returns the difference in the chemicl content of some vrieties of penuts to different genetic composition. These results correspond to the results (Asibuo et l., 2008) by studying the effect of different soyben vrieties on the protein content of seeds, nd wht ws conducted by (Amiry et l., 2009) through their study on the protein content of some dtes. Totl mount of sugrs in seeds The results of the (Figure 5) indicte tht there were

5 Direct Res. J. Agric. Food Sci. 248 Figure 5. Men sugr content in three vrieties of Penuts. Figure 6. Men ft content in three vrieties of Penuts. significnt differences in sugr content mong the studied cultivrs, (03) showed significnt increse in the other two vrieties with vlue of mg / g. The cultivr (02) hd the lowest sugr content t vlue of mg / g. This vrition is explined by the extent to which the vriety is ffected by climtic fctors such s temperture nd light ssocited with photosynthesis rtes nd thus the construction of sugrs. As we explin the immteril superiority of the clss 03 contining the roots of predtors in the plnt tht works to bsorb the lrgest minerl elements tht contribute to the revitliztion of the plnt's vitl processes nd the increse in the composition of crbohydrtes, These results re consistent with the findings of (Dwivedi et l., 1996). It is the difference in the mount of sugrs dissolved in 20 vrieties of penuts, s here turned by (Shi nd Lum, 2006). The difference in the mount of crbohydrtes in their study of five vrieties of penuts to the effect of nturl fctors nd the wy of griculture s well s genetic fctors. Quntity of ft in seeds Penut seeds re high-ft seed (Chowdhury et l., 2015), (But they differ from one species to nother depending on the genotype, climtic conditions, geogrphicl loction nd growth conditions ssocited

6 Amr et l. 249 with the composition of ft content in oil seeds (Sclzo et l., 2005). The ftty content of penut seeds is relted to the dte of cultivtion (Shepprd nd Rudolf, 1991). This is wht the results of (Figure 6) shows. Penuts re rich in ft, giving them high nutritionl nd helth vlue (Thsin et l., 2016). The results showed tht the mount of ft ws different depending on the clss. The clss gve (02) the lrgest mount of ft in comprison with the lowest ft percentge in clss (03). These results re in line with the findings of Hmz et l. (2013) which stte tht the difference in ft content is due to differences in genotypes nd climtic fctors, which lso correspond to the results of Chiydee et l. (2013) in study of some chemicl properties of locl nd imported whet vrieties. REFERENCES Abd- El- Motleb HM,Yousef MSH (1998). Intercropping mize with two vrieties of penut under two levels of nitrogen fertilizer. Proc. 8 th conf. 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